Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 38(3)

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non-infective characterised clinically by set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These are due to pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed evaluate the relationship between traditional components MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, stress. MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states metaflammation often accompanied metabolic changes directly related CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity. Moreover, an increase serum concentration cytokines, mainly interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), originating from chronically inflamed adipose tissue associated The reactive oxygen species overloads antioxidant systems causing post-translational alterations proteins, lipids, DNA leading Hyperglycaemia contributes stress production advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) cellular molecular dysfunction. Oxidative inflammation senescence CVD. should not be seen only being triggered classical factors. Atherosclerosis multifactorial pathological process several triggering aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium long-term repercussions, however, invariably constitute significant cause morbidity mortality. Implementing preventive therapeutic measures against oxy-reductive imbalances has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes medicine.

Язык: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(6), С. 1137 - 1137

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following adoption plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables positive trends observed consumption legumes, pulses, nuts, olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products to best benefits inflammation, red meat egg neutral effects. The present review provides an overview mechanisms underlying relation between immune system, with focus specific macronutrient non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) Substantial differences within each group explain conflicting results obtained regarding foods high saturated fats carbohydrates, subtypes molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain free added sugars) when exploring diet as well importance matrix commixture context patterns. Dietary polyphenols oligopeptides hypothesized exert several functions, including regulation inflammatory response system. Overall, suggests affect system regardless obesity-related

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1), С. 101 - 115

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2021

Altered immune cell phenotype and chronic inflammation are key features shared by various diseases. Evidence from nutritional interventions aimed at alleviating could be a promising approach for the prevention of adverse health outcomes. We therefore to conduct systematic review meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs) summarize recent evidence on effects dietary patterns inflammatory immune-related biomarkers in humans. PubMed, Medline, Web Science databases were searched publications up October 2020. In total, 22 RCTs included conducted according Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mediterranean diet appeared as pattern that showed most prominent reductions such IL-6 [mean difference (MD): -1.07 pg/mL (95% CI: -1.94, -0.20); I2: 96%], IL-1β [MD: -0.46 -0.66, -0.25); 0%], C-reactive protein -1.00 mg/L -2.02, 0.01); 100%]. No substantial observed additional studied intervention research, including Dietary Adherence Stop Hypertension diet, vegetarian or vegan diets. Future large-scale multifactorial studies warranted allow direct comparison relation range reflecting multiple pathways.

Язык: Английский

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The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(9), С. 1616 - 1616

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. commonly associated with other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, kidney and cancers. Factors sedentary lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, environmental genetic conditions can cause obesity. Many molecules signaling pathways are involved in pathogenesis obesity, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adhesion molecules, G protein-coupled (GPCRs), programmed cell death (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand (PD-L1), sirtuin (SIRT1). Commonly used strategies obesity management treatment include exercise dietary change restriction for early stage bariatric surgery server Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medicines semaglutide liraglutide that be monotherapy synergistic treatment. In addition, psychological management, especially patients distress, good option. Gut microbiota plays an important role its comorbidities, gut microbial reprogramming fecal transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics shows promising potential syndrome. clinical trials ongoing to evaluate therapeutic effects different treatments. Currently, prevention best options prevent progression many comorbidities.

Язык: Английский

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Unsaturated fatty acids in natural edible resources, a systematic review of classification, resources, biosynthesis, biological activities and application

Food Bioscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 53, С. 102790 - 102790

Опубликована: Май 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 115586 - 115586

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients metabolic diseases high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes metabolism may systemically ameliorate along complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates saturated acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet generate monounsaturated (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains tissue homeostasis by responding to, integrating layers of endogenous stimuli, which mediated synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates myriad physiological processes, including development, autophagy, tumorigenesis inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional epigenetic activation AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, causes aberrant accumulation, thereby promoting progression non-alcoholic liver, diabetes cancer. This review assesses integrative mechanisms (patho)physiological functions inflammation autophagy. For translational perspective, potent inhibitors been developed treat various types We thus discuss multidisciplinary advances greatly accelerate development new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, serve as promising target combat simultaneously.

Язык: Английский

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The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS a consequence of normal body organ physiology, severely impaired homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells’ function viability. The thyroid gland an that exhibits both processes. In terms severity, the gland’s response could physiological (i.e. hormone production secretion) pathological development diseases, such as goitre, cancer, thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants benefit defensive systems resolving dominance redox imbalance, preventing delaying chronic diseases. This review provides information on their protective roles against various pathologies. We also novel findings related to connection gut microbiome analyze effects probiotics with antioxidant properties

Язык: Английский

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Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Abstract Over the last decades, Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns human all around world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define diet? The myriad scores synthesizes nutritional content diet, but variety aspects are generally unexplored when studying adherence this pattern. Among factors, main characteristics such as consumption fruit vegetables, olive oil, cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, following: (i) specific reference whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs spices often untested exploring diet; (iii) eggs dairy products common foods consumed in region (irrespectively modern demonization fat intake). Another feature includes (red) wine consumption, more general alcohol intake unmeasured, lacking specificity drinking occasion intensity (i.e., during meals). aspects, cooking methods rather simple yet extremely varied. Several related quality food was first investigated: locally produced, minimally processed, preserved with natural fermentation), strongly connected territory limited controlled impact environment. Dietary habits also associated lifestyle behaviors, sleeping patterns, social cultural values, favoring commensality frugality. In conclusion, it is reductive consider just pattern groups decontextualized from geographical background culture. While methodologies study demonstrated useful up date, holistic approach considered future studies aforementioned features values potentially applied globally through concept “Planeterranean” diet.

Язык: Английский

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NLRP3 inflammasome: a key player in the pathogenesis of life-style disorders

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56(7), С. 1488 - 1500

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response, which is essential for proper functioning of our immune system. When infections or threats to body’s defense mechanisms are detected, innate system takes lead. However, an excessive response can lead production high concentrations cytotoxic molecules, resulting tissue damage. Inflammasomes significant contributors immunity, one most extensively studied inflammasome complexes NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3). NLRP3 has wide range recognition that streamline activation eliminate pathogens. These cytosolic multiprotein composed effector, adaptor, sensor proteins, identifying intracellular bacterial breakdown products initiating cascade. To understand diverse behavior its significance development lifestyle-related diseases, must delve into study apoptosis mediated by release proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we briefly explore context lifestyle associated disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, oral cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

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Protection Strategies Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 788 - 788

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Diets rich in carbohydrate and saturated fat contents, when combined with a sedentary lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity metabolic syndrome (MetS), which subsequently increase palmitic acid (PA) levels. At high concentrations, PA induces lipotoxicity through several mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation cell death. Nevertheless, there are endogenous strategies mitigate PA-induced its unsaturation elongation channeling storage lipid droplets (LDs), plays crucial role sequestering oxidized lipids, thereby reducing oxidative damage membranes. While extended exposure promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation leading damage, acute ß-cells increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), activation free fatty receptors (FFARs). Subsequently, FFARs by exogenous agonists has been suggested as potential therapeutic strategy prevent ß cells. Moreover, some acids, including oleic acid, can counteract negative impact on cellular health, suggesting complex interaction between different dietary fats outcomes. Therefore, challenge is peroxidation unsaturated acids utilization natural antioxidants. This complexity indicates necessity for further research into function diverse pathological conditions find main target against lipotoxicity. The aim this review is, therefore, examine recent data regarding mechanism underlying order identify that promote protection lipotoxicity, dysfunction apoptosis MetS obesity.

Язык: Английский

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