The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6389 - 6389

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Язык: Английский

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Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(7), С. 871 - 871

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2023

Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in nervous system with increased prevalence over last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss dementia. Presently, modifying therapies can limit rate relapse potentially reduce brain volume patients MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent progression or onset disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas inflammation, immune cell activation, survival that involve novel pathways programmed death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), associated apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These intertwined at levels metabolic oversight cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into mechanisms these provide new avenues discovery for therapeutic treatment dementia cognition occurs during MS.

Язык: Английский

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Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(22), С. 2595 - 2595

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world are insidious in onset, chronic nature, yield significant disability death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, pharmacological options may delay but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges onset aging associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress generation lead to multi-system dysfunction. These hurdles point urgent need underlying mechanisms innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways microRNAs (miRNAs) circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) nicotinamide, growth factor Non-coding RNAs, AMPK cornerstone for overseeing complex offer avenues DM will necessitate continued appreciation ability each independently unison influence clinical outcome.

Язык: Английский

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Immunomodulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Lung Injury: From Preclinical Animal Models to Treatment of Severe COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(15), С. 8196 - 8196

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health challenge worldwide. Owing to the emergence of novel viral variants, risks reinfections and vaccine breakthrough infections increased considerably despite mass vaccination. formation cytokine storm, which subsequently leads distress syndrome, is cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. Based on results preclinical animal models clinical trials lung injury immunomodulatory, tissue repair, antiviral properties MSCs highlight their potential treat This review article summarizes mechanisms outcomes MSC therapy COVID-19, along pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 infection. lessons from are mentioned ahead. Important issues related use COVID-19 discussed finally.

Язык: Английский

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Shock-Associated Systemic Inflammation in Amniotic Fluid Embolism, Complicated by Clinical Death

Pathophysiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1), С. 48 - 62

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the main causes maternal mortality in developed countries. The most critical AFE variants may be considered from perspective systemic inflammation (SI), a general pathological process that includes high levels inflammatory response, neuroendocrine system distress, microthrombosis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This research work aimed to characterize dynamics super-acute SI using four clinical case studies patients with AFE.In all cases, we examined blood coagulation parameters, plasma cortisol, troponin I, myoglobin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, calculated integral scores.All revealed characteristic signs SI, including increased cytokine, I levels, changes manifestations coagulopathy MODS. At same time, cytokine can characterized not only as hypercytokinemia, even "cytokine storm", but rather catastrophe" (an increase thousands tens times proinflammatory levels). pathogenesis involves rapid transition hyperergic shock phase, its response over hypoergic by mismatch between low values patient's condition. In contrast septic shock, there much more succession phases.AFE compelling examples for studying SI.

Язык: Английский

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Pathways of Coagulopathy and Inflammatory Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Type 2 Diabetic Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 4319 - 4319

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Chronic inflammation and endothelium dysfunction are present in diabetic patients. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate association with diabetes, partially due to the development of thromboembolic events context coronavirus infection. The purpose this review is most important underlying pathomechanisms COVID-19-related coagulopathy methodology consisted data collection synthesis from recent scientific literature by accessing different databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase). main results comprehensive detailed presentation very complex interrelations between factors pathways involved arteriopathy thrombosis COVID-19-infected Several genetic metabolic influence course within background diabetes mellitus. Extensive knowledge SARS-CoV-2-related vasculopathy subjects contributes better understanding manifestations highly vulnerable group patients; thus, they can benefit modern, more efficient approach regarding diagnostic therapeutic management.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of serum total testosterone and luteinizing hormone variations across hospitalized Covid-19 patients

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests the role male hypogonadism as a possible harbinger for poor clinical outcomes across hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Accordingly, we sought to investigate impact dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis on severity manifestations patients matched with healthy controls through systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases were searched from inception March 2022. standardized mean difference (SMD) meta-analysis focused was developed studies who reported total testosterone (TT) luteinizing hormone (LH) levels at hospital admission. Overall, n = 18 series 1575 between 2020 2022 reviewed. significant decrease in SMD TT compared paired observed (− 3.25 nmol/L, 95%CI − 0.57 5.93). This reduction even more consistent when matching severe 5.04 1.26 8.82) but similar survivors non-survivors 3.04 2.04 4.05). No variation serum LH studies. Patient related comorbidities, year pandemic, lymphocyte count associated estimates. may be useful marker among These findings support development ad-hoc trials risk-group classification subsequent disease monitoring. The interplay immune response should evaluated future researches.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in predicting acute mountain sickness: from multidimensional cohort studies to cutting-edge model applications

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

High-altitude illnesses, encompassing a spectrum of health threats including Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), pose significant challenges to individuals exposed high altitude environments, necessitating effective prophylaxis and immediate management. Given the variability in individual responses these conditions, accurate prediction high-altitude illnesses onset is paramount importance. This review systematically consolidates recent advancements research on predicting AMS by evaluating existing cohort data, predictive models, methodologies, while also delving into application emerging technologies. Through thorough analysis scholarly literature, we discuss traditional methods anchored physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, respiratory frequency, blood pressure) biochemical markers, as well integration utility novel technologies such biosensors, genetic testing, artificial intelligence within research. While conventional pre-diction techniques have been extensively used, they are often constrained limitations accuracy, reliability, multifactorial influences. The advent innovative holds promise for more precise risk assessments personalized preventive therapeutic strategies across various forms AMS. Future endeavors must pivot decisively towards meticulous identification stringent validation biomarkers models. strategic re-direction should catalyze intensified interdisciplinary cooperation significantly deepen our mechanistic insights pathogenesis refining methodologies. These groundbreaking harbor potential fundamentally transform frameworks ultimately securing augmented safety standards wellbeing operating at elevated altitudes with far-reaching global implications.

Язык: Английский

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The Link between Inflammation, Lipid Derivatives, and Microbiota Metabolites in COVID-19 Patients: Implications on Eating Behaviors and Nutritional Status

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(14), С. 7899 - 7899

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024

Extreme inflammation that continues even after infections can lead to a cytokine storm. In recent times, one of the most common causes storm activation has been SARS-CoV-2 infection. A leads dysregulation and excessive stimulation immune system, producing symptoms typical post-COVID syndrome, including chronic fatigue, shortness breath, joint pain, trouble concentrating (known as “brain fog”), direct organ damage in heart, lungs, kidneys, brain. This work summarizes current knowledge regarding related Additionally, changes lipid metabolism microbiota composition under influence COVID-19, along with possible underlying mechanisms, are described. Finally, this text explores potential health implications eating behaviors nutritional status COVID-19 patients. Although research on is still ongoing, there convincing evidence suggesting severe inflammatory responses during acute phase may long-term consequences. Understanding these links key developing treatment strategies supporting patients

Язык: Английский

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