Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(11), С. 4707 - 4718
Опубликована: Май 23, 2023
Язык: Английский
Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(5), С. e37114 - e37114
Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024
The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There a bidirectional connection between and brain called gut-brain-axis, these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, neuroendocrine pathways. In addition, modulates synthesis functioning neurotransmitters. Therefore, disruption in composition or function, which known dysbiosis, associated pathogenesis mental disorders, such schizophrenia, depression, other psychiatric disorders. This review aims summarize modulation role 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate), well its association disorders (schizophrenia, anxiety autism spectrum disorder). More future research required develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for illnesses.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
34
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6521 - 6521
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, areas involved memory formation consolidation as well fear emotional processing, such hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure physiological activity of brain, glutamatergic transmission finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result accumulation excessive levels, which turn leads to increased calcium mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, eventually cell atrophy death. This condition known glutamate-induced excitotoxicity considered a pathogenic mechanism several diseases central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders. On other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments areas, accompanied by structural remodeling neurons. In current narrative review, we will summarize role both pathophysiology therapeutic interventions neurodevelopmental adult mental with focus on autism spectrum disorders, drugs under preclinical clinical development treatment different that dysfunctions. Although evidence still limited more studies required, regulation attracting attention potential crucial target control diseases.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
17
ASN NEURO, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Depression increasingly affects a wide range and large number of people worldwide, both physically psychologically, which makes it social problem requiring prompt attention management. Accumulating clinical animal studies have provided us with substantial insights disease pathogenesis, especially central monoamine deficiency, considerably promotes antidepressant research treatment. The first-line antidepressants mainly target the system, whose drawbacks include slow action treatment resistant. novel esketamine, targeting on glutamatergic rapidly robustly alleviates depression (including treatment-resistant depression), efficiency is shadowed by potential addictive psychotomimetic side effects. Thus, exploring pathogenesis necessary, for seeking more safe effective therapeutic methods. Emerging evidence has revealed vital involvement oxidative stress (OS) in depression, inspires to pursue antioxidant pathway prevention Fully uncovering underlying mechanisms OS-induced first step towards avenue, thus we summarize expound possible downstream pathways OS, including mitochondrial impairment related ATP neuroinflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B dysfunction serotonin microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbance hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical dysregulation. We also elaborate intricate interactions between multiple aspects, molecular mediating interplay. Through reviewing progress field, hope depict an integral overview how OS induces order provide fresh ideas targets final goal efficient disease.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
27
Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(12), С. 4995 - 5008
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023
Abstract Autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental disabilities that manifest in early childhood and characterized by qualitative abnormalities social behaviors, communication skills, restrictive or repetitive behaviors. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms ASD, extensive research has been done to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers through a neuroimaging genetics approach. Neuroimaging helps ASD-risk genes contribute structural functional variations brain circuitry validate biological changes elucidating pathways confer genetic risk. Integrating artificial intelligence models with data lays groundwork for accurate diagnosis facilitates identification of ASD. This review discusses significance approaches gaining better understanding perturbed neurochemical system molecular ASD how these can detect structural, functional, metabolic lead discovery novel
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
26
Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 85, С. 101838 - 101838
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
23
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024
Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental based on synaptic abnormalities. The estimated prevalence rate of male individuals diagnosed with ASD prevails over females in proportion 4:1. Consequently, males remain the main focus studies clinical and experimental settings. Meanwhile, some point to an underestimation this females. In work, we studied sex differences behavioral phenotypes mouse models. Juvenile female Shank3 Δ4–22 Cntnap2 −/− mutant mice their WT littermates were used experiments. animals subjected Three-Chamber Sociability Test, then euthanized, whole cortex was for evaluation phenotype. Protein levels glutamatergic (NR1) GABAergic (GAD1 VGAT) neuronal markers measured. level synaptophysin (Syp) also Dendritic spine density somatosensory neurons analyzed by Golgi staining methods. Spine Density GAD1, NR1, VGAT, Syp significantly reduced compared control group irrespective sex, indicating impaired development mice. These results consistent lack three-chamber sociability test between conclusion, both mutations undergo similar aberrations as counterparts need be along animals. Finally, work urges psychiatry scientific community use sexes investigations.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
14
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2), С. 808 - 808
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside repetitive behaviors, atypical sensory-motor patterns. The growing prevalence of ASD has driven substantial advancements research aimed at understanding its etiology, preventing onset, mitigating impact. This ongoing effort necessitates continuous updates to the body knowledge identification previously unexplored factors. present study addresses this need examining roles nutrition, oxidative stress, trace elements pathophysiology ASD. In review, an overview provided key dietary recommendations for individuals with ASD, including gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diets, ketogenic diets (KDs), other nutritional interventions. Furthermore, it explores involvement stress highlights significance maintaining neuropsychiatric health. impact these factors on molecular cellular mechanisms was discussed, therapeutic strategies their efficacy managing
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
IGI Global eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 133 - 162
Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurological condition that impedes an individual's capacity for communication and socialization the rest life. Recurrent, capped behaviours which compromise cognitive function are indeed its hallmark. To treat behavioural issues linked to autism, speech therapy, occupational special education programs have all been employed. The researchers also looked at using herbal remedies autistic people because of negative effects ASD medications. Natural products proven be viable treatment number illnesses, including autism other problems. These naturally existing chemicals known likely candidates psychotherapy may employed as chemical models or templates building novel materials could remedy autism. In this study, we discuss physiological epidemiological features role natural in
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
1
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 64(11), С. 1344 - 1350
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by altered development of the social brain with prominent atypical features in fronto-temporo-parietal cortex and cerebellum. Early signs ASD emerge between 6 12 months: reduced communication, slightly less advanced motor development, repetitive behaviour. The cerebellum play a role whereas fronto-parietal-cerebellar networks are involved planning movements, that is, movement selection. Atypical sensory responsivity, core feature ASD, may result impaired communication skills and/or selection In first postnatal year, areas gradual dissolution temporary structures: cortical subplate cerebellar external granular layer. It hypothesized transient structures opens window for expression early arising developing permanent networks. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: autism ages months. Altered underlie emergence these signs.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
29
Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2023
Abstract Increased excitatory neuronal tones have been implicated in autism, but its mechanism remains elusive. The amplified glutamate signals may arise from enhanced glutamatergic circuits, which can be affected by astrocyte activation and suppressive signaling of dopamine neurotransmission. We tested this hypothesis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy positron emission tomography scan with 11 C-SCH23390 for D1 receptors the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). enrolled 18 male adults high-functioning autism 20 typically developed (TD) subjects. group showed elevated glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol (mI) levels compared TD ( p = 0.045, 0.044, 0.030, respectively) a positive correlation between glutamine mI ACC (r 0.54, 0.020). In groups, receptor radioligand binding was negatively correlated − 0.55, 0.022; r 0.58, 0.008, respectively). glutamate-glutamine metabolism might due to astroglial consequent reinforcement synthesis autistic brains. Glutamine could underly physiological inhibitory control dopaminergic signals. Our findings suggest high neuron excitation-inhibition ratio astrocytic etiology autism.
Язык: Английский
Процитировано
13