Inflammasome Activation by RNA Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Manipulation, and Therapeutic Insights

Immunological Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 330(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), are pathogens responsible for lower tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children the elderly. Upon infection, these viruses recognized by pattern recognition receptors, leading to activation of inflammasomes, which essential mediating inflammatory responses. This review discusses mechanisms RNA activate emphasizing roles various signaling pathways components involved this process. Additionally, we highlight specific interactions between viral proteins inflammasome sensors, elucidating how manipulate host immune response facilitate infection. Understanding dynamics provides critical insights developing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating inflammation improving outcomes infections.

Язык: Английский

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Advances in the Use of N-Acetylcysteine in Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1713 - 1713

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used because of its mucolytic effects, taking part in the therapeutic protocols cystic fibrosis. NAC also administered as an antidote acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosing. Thanks to wide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory may be benefit other chronic inflammatory fibrotizing respiratory diseases, such obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, idiopathic lung fibrosis, or silicosis. In addition, exerts low toxicity rare adverse effects even combination with treatments, it cheap easily accessible. This article brings a review information on mechanisms inflammation oxidative stress selected diseases discusses use these disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and N-Acetylcysteine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(16-18), С. 968 - 989

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Endothelial dysfunction is closely associated with development progression CVDs. Patients diabetes mellitus (DM) especially type 2 DM (T2DM) exhibit a significant endothelial cell (EC) substantially increased risk for

Язык: Английский

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Inflammasomes: a rising star on the horizon of COVID-19 pathophysiology

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a contagious virus that the cause of disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has posed serious threat to public health. COVID-19 characterized by wide spectrum clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection mild cold-like symptoms, severe pneumonia or even death. Inflammasomes are supramolecular signaling platforms assemble in response danger microbial signals. Upon activation, inflammasomes mediate innate immune defense favoring release proinflammatory cytokines and triggering pyroptotic cell Nevertheless, abnormalities inflammasome functioning can result variety human diseases such as autoimmune disorders cancer. A growing body evidence showed SARS-CoV-2 induce assembly. Dysregulated activation consequent cytokine burst have been associated with severity, alluding implication pathophysiology. Accordingly, an improved understanding inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cascades essential uncover immunological mechanisms pathology identify effective therapeutic approaches for this devastating disease. In review, we summarize most recent findings on interplay between contribution activated progression. We dissect involving machinery immunopathogenesis. addition, provide overview inflammasome-targeted therapies antagonists potential utility treatment.

Язык: Английский

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N-Acetylcysteine Therapy Reduces Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Atherosclerosis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 402, С. 119117 - 119117

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury: Perspectives and Limitations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(6), С. 2657 - 2657

Опубликована: Март 15, 2025

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can take part in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases because potent mucolytic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects NAC. However, less is known about its use acute lung injury. Nowadays, an increasing number studies indicates that early administration NAC may reduce markers oxidative stress alleviate inflammation animal models injury (ALI) patients suffering from distinct forms distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary infections including community-acquired pneumonia Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. Besides low costs, easy accessibility, toxicity, rare side effects, also be combined with other drugs. This article provides a review knowledge on mechanisms various ALI/ARDS critically discusses experience these disorders. For preparing review, articles published English language PubMed database were used.

Язык: Английский

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The role of N-acetylcysteine in decreasing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Narra J, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(2), С. e121 - e121

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

N-acetylcysteine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could potentially improve the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. inhibits NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome results in control oxidative stress cytokine release COVID-19 The aim this study was to assess effect reducing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) A randomized controlled trial conducted among severe moderate treatment group received oral 1200 mg daily (three times a day) standard care for COVID-19, while placebo. NLR determined on first day admission after seventh treatment. paired Student t-test used compare before independent between groups. total 40 were enrolled, 20 people each group, with mean age 44.68±13.24 years old. 9.44 8.84 group. After day, 4.27 11.54 respectively. changes (the pre-treatment compared post-treatment) reduced 4.05 increased 3.34, significantly decreased (p<0.001). In conclusion, reduce

Язык: Английский

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Senescence Rejuvenation through Reduction in Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Polygonum cuspidatum Extract: In Vitro Evidence

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(9), С. 1110 - 1110

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the major causes senescence. Strategies to reduce ROS are known be important factors in reversing senescence, but effective strategies have not been found. In this study, we screened substances commonly used as cosmetic additives find with antioxidant effects. Polygonum cuspidatum (P. cuspidatum) extract significantly reduced levels senescent cells. A novel mechanism was discovered which P. ROS, a byproduct inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increasing OXPHOS efficiency. The reduction restored senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced skin protection. Then, identified polydatin active ingredient that exhibited Polydatin, contains stilbenoid polyphenols act singlet scavengers through redox reactions, increased efficiency subsequently phenotypes. summary, our data confirmed effects on senescence rejuvenation protection reduction. This finding may treatment clinical fields.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 patients based on a joint model with random forest and artificial neural network

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading astonishingly and caused catastrophic losses worldwide. high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients is an serious problem that needs to be solved urgently. However, the biomarkers fundamental pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. aims this study was explore key genes related inflammasome in their potential molecular using random forest artificial neural network modeling.Differentially expressed (DEGs) were screened from GSE151764 GSE183533 via comprehensive transcriptome Meta-analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks functional analyses conducted identify DEGs or associated with (IADEGs), respectively. Five most important IADEGs explored forest. Then, we put these five into construct a novel diagnostic model for verified its efficacy GSE205099.Using combining P value < 0.05, obtained 192 DEGs, 40 which IADEGs. GO enrichment analysis results indicated mainly involved T cell activation, MHC protein complex immune receptor activity. KEGG GEGs Th17 differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, mTOR pathway NOD-like pathway. In addition, top terms response-activating signal transduction, external side plasma membrane phosphatase binding. FoxO Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT Apoptosis. (AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 PTGS2) by analysis. By building model, found AUC values 5 0.972 0.844 train group (GSE151764 GSE183533) test (GSE205099), respectively.The inflammasome, including AXL, PTGS2, patients, molecules activation NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, PTGS2 as marker combination could used markers patients.

Язык: Английский

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Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes and COVID-19 role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19 and diabetes NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes and COVID-19 intervention

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). A “cytokine storm”, i.e., elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream, has been observed cases COVID-19. Normally, activation nucleotide-binding oligomeric domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles induces cytokine production as an response to viral infection. Recent studies have found increased severity necrobiosis infection diabetic patients, and data from several countries shown higher morbidity mortality people with chronic metabolic diseases such diabetes. In addition, COVID-19 may also predispose infected individuals hyperglycemia. Therefore, this review, we explore potential relationship between NLRP3 diabetes contrast, review cellular/molecular mechanisms which SARS-CoV-2 activates vesicles. Finally, propose promising targeted vesicle inhibitors aim providing basis for NLRP3-targeted drugs combined noncoronary pneumonia clinical management patients.

Язык: Английский

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