The Possible Mechanisms of Cu and Zn in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV and COVID-19 Viral Infection

Biological Trace Element Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 202(4), С. 1524 - 1538

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Gaining momentum: stem cell therapies for HIV cure

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(4), С. 194 - 200

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2024

Purpose of review Durable HIV-1 remission has been reported in a person who received allogeneic stem cell transplants (SCTs) involving CCR5 Δ32/Δ32 donor cells. Much the reduction burden following SCT with or without cells inherently resistant to infection is likely due cytotoxic graft-versus-host effects on residual recipient immune Nonetheless, there growing momentum develop and implement therapies that lead durable long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free need for SCT. Recent findings Most current research leverages gene editing techniques modify hematopoietic which differentiate into capable harboring HIV-1. Approaches include targeting genes encode co-receptors using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN) CRISPR-Cas-9 render pool adult progenitor de-novo infection. Other strategies involve harnessing multipotent mesenchymal stromal foster environments can more efficiently recognize target while promoting tissue homeostasis. Summary Many these are currently state infancy adolescence; nonetheless, promising preclinical first-in-human studies have performed, providing further rationale focus resources therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Interventions during Early Infection: Opening a Window for an HIV Cure?

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(10), С. 1588 - 1588

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Although combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been a landmark achievement for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an HIV cure remained elusive. Elimination latent reservoirs that persist throughout infection is most challenging barrier to cure. The progressive marked by increasing size and diversity until effective immune response mobilized, which can control but not eliminate infection. stalemate between replication manifested establishment viral set point. ART initiation during early stage limits reservoir development, preserves function, improves quality life, may lead ART-free remission in few people living with (PLWH). However, overwhelming majority PLWH, alone does HIV, lifelong needed sustain suppression. A critical area research focused on determining whether could be functionally cured if additional treatments are provided alongside ART. Several interventions including Block Lock, Shock Kill, broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy, adoptive CD8+ T cell gene have demonstrated delayed rebound and/or animal models some PLWH. Whether or their application improve success less studied. Herein, we review current state clinical investigative discuss potential likelihood post-treatment initiated

Язык: Английский

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HIV cure: Are we going to make history?

HIV Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(3), С. 322 - 331

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2023

Abstract Background At present, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the mainstay for treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS. cART can suppress viral load to a minimal level; however, possibility emergence full‐blown AIDS always there. In latter part first decade 21st century, an HIV‐positive person received stem cell transplantation (SCT) his haematological malignancy. The patient was able achieve remission condition as well HIV following SCT. Thorough investigations various samples including blood and biopsy could not detect virus in person's body. declared be cured case HIV. Literature search Over next decade, few more similar cases were observed have recently been infection. A comprehensive performed PubMed, Cochrane library Google Scholar. Four such additional found literature. Description & Discussion These all share common proposed mechanism cure, that is, cells from donors carrying homozygous mutation gene encoding CCR5 (receptor utilized by entry into host cell), denoted CCR5△32. This makes immune devoid CCR5, causing acquire resistance against To best our knowledge, this review look at relevant updated information related landmarks history discusses underlying mechanism(s).

Язык: Английский

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Clinical trials aimed at HIV cure or remission: new pathways and lessons learned

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(11), С. 1227 - 1243

Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023

The main barrier to finding a cure against HIV is the latent reservoir, which persists in people living with (PLWH) despite antiretroviral treatment (ART). Here, we discuss recent findings from interventional studies using mono- and combination therapies aimed at enhancing immune-mediated killing of virus or without activating latency.We latency reversal agents (LRAs), broadly neutralizing antibodies, immunomodulatory therapies, inducing apoptosis.The landscape clinical trials for remission has evolved considerably over past 10 years. Several novel interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, antibodies have been tested either alone LRAs but so far not shown meaningful impact on frequency latently infected cells. Immunomodulatory could work differently setting antigen expression, that is, during active viremia, timing therefore, be key future success. Lessons learned indicate while are still reaching complete eradication HIV, capable enhanced control replication absence ART might more feasible goal.

Язык: Английский

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What's in a cure: designing a broad-spectrum HIV gene therapy

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(3), С. 150 - 156

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Purpose of review The leading gene editing strategy for a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cure involves the delivery SaCas9 and two guide RNAs (gRNAs) in an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector. As dual-component system, CRISPR is targeted to genetic locus through choice Cas effector gRNA protospacer design pair. research has expanded recent years, these components have been investigated utilization strategies, which will be discussed this article. Recent findings Type II SpCas9 effectors across therapeutics date. Additionally, extensive potential multiplex gRNAs target them effectively highly genetically diverse HIV-1 provirus. More recently, V family Cas12 opens new opportunity use smaller protein packaging into AAV vector with multiplexed gRNAs. Summary In understanding individual CRISPR/Cas therapeutic HIV-1, it important know that currently used strategies can improved upon. Future areas include alternative effectors, designs, and/or modalities.

Язык: Английский

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Advancements in Antiviral Drug Development: Comprehensive Insights into Design Strategies and Mechanisms Targeting Key Viral Proteins

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(7), С. 1376 - 1384

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR technology in human diseases

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(8)

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Abstract Gene editing is a growing gene engineering technique that allows accurate of broad spectrum gene‐regulated diseases to achieve curative treatment and also has the potential be used as an adjunct conventional diseases. technology, mainly based on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein systems, which capable generating genetic modifications in somatic cells, provides promising new strategy for therapy wide range human Currently, technology shows great application prospects variety diseases, not only therapeutic but construction animal models This paper describes hematological solid tumors, immune disorders, ophthalmological metabolic diseases; focuses strategies sickle cell disease; overview role discusses limitations intended provide important reference applications disease.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing broadly neutralising antibody suppression of HIV by immune modulation and vaccination

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2024

Although HIV infection can be managed with antiretroviral drugs, there is no cure and therapy has to taken for life. Recent successes in animal models HIV-specific broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) have led long-term virological remission even possible cures some cases. This resulted substantial investment human studies explore bNAbs as a curative intervention infection. Emerging data are encouraging, but suggest that combinations of other immunomodulatory agents may needed induce sustain viral control. As result, number clinical trials currently underway exploring these combinations. If successful, the impact millions people living could substantial. Here, we review background use search an how different adjunctive might used together enhance their efficacy.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas system and its application in the diagnosis of animal infectious diseases

The FASEB Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(24)

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2024

Abstract Infectious diseases are a serious threat to the existence of animals and humans' life. In 21st century, emergence re‐emergence several zoonotic non‐zoonotic global pandemic socio‐economic importance has affected billions humans animals. The need for expensive equipment laboratories, non‐availability on‐site testing abilities, with time‐consuming low sensitivity specificity issues currently available diagnostic techniques identify these pathogenic micro‐organisms on large scale highlighted developing cheap, portable environment friendly methods. recent years, have been addressed by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based platforms that transformed molecular field due their outstanding ultra‐sensitive nucleic acid detecting capabilities. this study, we highlight types, potential different Cas proteins, amplification systems. We also illuminate application CRISPR integrated setups diagnosis infectious diseases, majorly in food‐producing (pigs, ruminants, poultry, aquaculture), domestic pets (dogs cats), importance. conclude challenges future perspectives using systems rapidly diagnose treat other develop control strategies prevent spread organisms.

Язык: Английский

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