Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology: How the ultraviolet radiation regulates the body, brain, and immune system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(14)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is primarily recognized for its detrimental effects such as cancerogenesis, skin aging, eye damage, and autoimmune disorders. With exception of ultraviolet B (UVB) requirement in the production vitamin D3, positive role UVR modulation homeostasis underappreciated. Skin exposure to triggers local responses secondary induction chemical, hormonal, immune, neural signals that are defined by chromophores extent penetration into compartments. These not random coordinated cutaneous neuro-immuno-endocrine system, which counteracts action external stressors accommodates changing environment. The induces electrical, biological be sent brain, endocrine immune systems, well other central organs, concert regulate body homeostasis. To achieve homeostatic goal, UVR-induced precisely computed locally with transmission through nerves or humoral release circulation activate and/or modulate coordinating centers organs. Such modulatory will dependent on UVA UVB wavelengths. This leads immunosuppression, activation brain centers, modification different organ functions. Therefore, it imperative understand underlying mechanisms electromagnetic energy deep body, impact internal Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology can offer novel therapeutic approaches addiction mood disorders; autoimmune, neurodegenerative, chronic pain-generating pathologies involving endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, reproductive systems.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Pathogenesis and Mechanism-Targeted Treatments of Rosacea: Previous Understanding and Updates

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2153 - 2153

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2023

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent erythema, flushing, telangiectasia, papules, pustules, and phymatous changes in the central area of face. Patients with this condition often experience significant negative impact on their quality life, self-esteem, overall well-being. Despite its prevalence, pathogenesis rosacea not yet fully understood. Recent research advances are reshaping our understanding underlying mechanisms rosacea, treatment options based pathophysiological perspective hold promise to improve patient outcomes reduce incidence. In comprehensive review, we investigate depth, focus emerging novel mechanisms, provide an up-to-date overview therapeutic strategies that target diverse pathogenic rosacea. Lastly, discuss potential future directions aimed at enhancing developing effective treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Immunoception: the insular cortex perspective

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(11), С. 1270 - 1276

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Abstract To define the systemic neuroimmune interactions in health and disease, we recently suggested immunoception as a term that refers to existence of bidirectional functional loops between brain immune system. This concept suggests constantly monitors changes activity and, turn, can regulate system generate physiologically synchronized response. Therefore, has represent information regarding state system, which occure multiple ways. One such representation is an immunengram, trace partially stored by neurons local tissue. review will discuss our current understanding immunengrams, focusing on their manifestation specific region, insular cortex (IC).

Язык: Английский

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Mast Cells at the Crossroads of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Neurogenic Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 927 - 927

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Although mast cells have long been known, they are not yet fully understood. They traditionally recognized for their role in allergic reactions through the IgE/FcεRI axis, but different groups of surface receptors since characterized, which appear to be involved manifestation peculiar clinical features. In particular, MRGPRX2 has emerged as a crucial receptor degranulating human skin cells. Because cells’ close proximity peripheral nerve endings, it may play key neuroimmune interactions. This paper provides an overview cell contributions hypersensitivity and so-called “pseudoallergic” reactions, well update on neuroinflammatory implications main models airway diseases. cellular characteristics most relevant MC pathophysiology reappraised light recent advancements research. Molecular aspects related degranulation induced by IgE or analyzed compared, along with possible repercussions limitations future therapeutic perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Differential modification of ascending spinal outputs in acute and chronic pain states

Neuron, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Pain hypersensitivity arises from the induction of plasticity in peripheral and spinal somatosensory neurons, which modifies nociceptive input to brain, altering pain perception. We applied longitudinal calcium imaging dorsal projection neurons determine whether how representation stimuli anterolateral tract, principal pathway transmitting signals changes between distinct states. In healthy mice, we identified stable outputs selective for cooling or warming a neuronal ensemble activated by noxious thermal mechanical stimuli. Induction acute sensitization topical capsaicin transiently re-tuned output encode low-intensity contrast, nerve injury resulted persistent suppression innocuous coupled with activation normally silent population high-threshold neurons. These results demonstrate differential modulation brain during neuropathic

Язык: Английский

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MicroRNA-939 amplifies Staphylococcus aureus-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in atopic dermatitis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin diseases that seriously affects life quality of the patients. Staphylococcus aureus ( S. ) colonization on plays an important role in pathogenesis AD; however, mechanism how it modulates immunity to exacerbate AD remains unclear. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators genes. They involved various diseases. Methods In this study, we established miRNA expression profiles for keratinocytes stimulated with heat-killed (HKSA). The miR-939 atopic patients was analyzed by fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH). mimic transfected human primary keratinocyte investigate its impact matrix metalloproteinase genes (MMPs) vitro . Subsequently, miR-939, along Polyplus transfection reagent, administered MC903-induced assess function vivo Results MiR-939 highly upregulated HKSA-stimulated and lesions. studies revealed increased genes, including MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, well cell adhesion molecule ICAM1 keratinocytes. indicated metalloproteinases promote exacerbated -induced AD-like inflammation. Conclusions Our work reveals regulator inflammation could be used potential therapeutic target AD.

Язык: Английский

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Current insights and therapeutic strategies for targeting TRPV1 in neuropathic pain management

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 355, С. 122954 - 122954

Опубликована: Авг. 10, 2024

Neuropathic pain, a common symptom of several disorders, exerts substantial socioeconomic burden worldwide. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), non-selective cation channel predominantly ex-pressed in nociceptive neurons, plays pivotal role nociception, by detecting various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including heat, pro-inflammatory mediators, physical stressors. Dysregulation TRPV1 signaling further contributes to the pathophysiology neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting is promising strategy for developing novel analgesics with improved efficacy safety profiles. Several pharmacological approaches modulate activity, agonists, antagonists, biological RNA interference (RNAi, small interfering [siRNA]) have been explored. Despite preclinical success, clinical translation TRPV1-targeted therapies has encountered challenges, hyperthermia, hypothermia, pungency, desensitization. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts aim refine interventions through structural modifications, development selective modulators, discovery natural, peptide-based drug candidates. Herein, we provide guidance researchers clinicians involved new specifically reviewing existing literature highlighting current activities. This study discusses future endeavors enhancing efficacy, safety, tolerability candidates, thereby facilitates these discoveries into effective alleviate pain disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Edible-Medicinal Macrofungi

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2), С. 144 - 144

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2024

Macrofungi are well-known as edible-medicinal mushrooms, which belong mostly to Basidiomycota, with a few from Ascomycota. In recent years, macrofungi have been recognized rich resource of structurally unique secondary metabolites, demonstrating wide range bioactivities, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, neuro-protective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review highlights over 270 natural products produced by 17 families covering 2017 2023, their structures, related molecular mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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A review of skin immune processes in acne

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin conditions, affecting almost all teenagers worldwide. Multiple factors, including excessive production sebum, dysbiosis microbiome, disruption keratinization within hair follicles, and local inflammation, are believed to trigger or aggravate acne. Immune activity plays a crucial role in pathogenesis Recent research has improved our understanding immunostimulatory functions microorganisms, lipid mediators, neuropeptides. Additionally, significant advances have been made elucidating intricate mechanisms through which cutaneous innate adaptive immune cells perceive transmit stimulatory signals initiate responses. However, precise temporal spatial patterns throughout various stages acne development remains limited. This review provides comprehensive overview current knowledge concerning processes involved initiation progression Furthermore, we highlight significance detailed spatiotemporal analyses, analyses dynamics cell populations as well single-cell RNA sequencing, for targeted therapeutic prevention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Carcinogenesis and Metastasis: Focus on TRPV1-Positive Neurons and Immune Cells

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(6), С. 983 - 983

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

Both sensory neurons and immune cells, albeit at markedly different levels, express the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor, Transient Receptor Potential, Vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). Activation of TRPV1 channels in afferent nerve fibers induces local effector functions by releasing neuropeptides (most notably, substance P) which, turn, trigger neurogenic inflammation. There is good evidence that chronic activation or inactivation this inflammatory pathway can modify tumor growth metastasis. expression was also demonstrated a variety mammalian including lymphocytes, dendritic macrophages neutrophils. Therefore, effects agonists antagonists may vary depending on prominent cell type(s) activated and/or inhibited. comprehensive understanding activity cells endings distinct locations necessary to predict outcome therapies targeting channels. Here, we review neuro-immune modulation cancer metastasis, with focus consequences cells. Lastly, potential use modulators therapy discussed.

Язык: Английский

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