Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration
MedComm,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(8)
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
are
versatile
immune
cells
with
remarkable
plasticity,
enabling
them
to
adapt
diverse
tissue
microenvironments
and
perform
various
functions.
Traditionally
categorized
into
classically
activated
(M1)
alternatively
(M2)
phenotypes,
recent
advances
have
revealed
a
spectrum
of
macrophage
activation
states
that
extend
beyond
this
dichotomy.
The
complex
interplay
signaling
pathways,
transcriptional
regulators,
epigenetic
modifications
orchestrates
polarization,
allowing
respond
stimuli
dynamically.
Here,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
the
cascades
governing
focusing
on
roles
Toll‐like
receptors,
signal
transducer
activator
transcription
proteins,
nuclear
microRNAs.
We
also
discuss
emerging
concepts
metabolic
reprogramming
trained
immunity,
contributing
their
functional
adaptability.
Macrophage
plasticity
plays
pivotal
role
in
repair
regeneration,
macrophages
coordinating
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
matrix
remodeling
restore
homeostasis.
By
harnessing
potential
novel
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
polarization
could
be
developed
for
diseases,
including
chronic
wounds,
fibrotic
disorders,
inflammatory
conditions.
Ultimately,
deeper
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
underpinning
will
pave
way
innovative
regenerative
medicine
engineering
approaches.
Язык: Английский
Co‐Delivery of Multiple Toll‐Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2025
Most
seasonal
and
pandemic
influenza
vaccines
are
derived
from
inactivated
or
attenuated
virus
propagated
in
chicken
eggs,
while
more
advanced
delivery
technologies,
such
as
the
use
of
recombinant
proteins
adjuvants,
under-utilized.
In
this
study,
E2
protein
nanoparticle
(NP)
platform
is
engineered
to
synthesize
that
simultaneously
co-deliver
hemagglutinin
(H5)
antigen,
TLR5
agonist
flagellin
(FliCc),
TLR9
CpG
1826
(CpG)
all
on
one
particle
(termed
H5-FliCc-CpG-E2),
with
uniform
molecular
orientation
significant
for
immunomodulation.
Antigen-bound
NP
formulations
elicit
higher
IgG
antibody
responses
broader
homosubtypic
cross-reactivity
against
different
H5
variants
than
unconjugated
antigen
alone.
IgG1/IgG2c
skewing
modulated
by
adjuvant
type
attachment.
Conjugation
causes
IgG1
(Th2)
attachment
yields
IgG2c
(Th1)
skewing,
simultaneous
conjugation
both
results
a
balanced
(Th2/Th1)
response.
Animals
immunized
E2-based
subsequently
challenged
H5N1
show
100%
survival,
only
animals
receive
adjuvanted
also
protected
morbidity.
This
investigation
highlights
NP-based
multiple
adjuvants
can
be
designed
effectively
modulate
strength,
breadth
toward
variants,
bias
an
immune
response
viruses.
Язык: Английский
Ischemic stroke outcome after promoting CD4+CD25+ Treg cell migration through CCR4 overexpression in a tMCAO animal model
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Май 3, 2024
The
importance
of
neuroinflammation
during
the
ischemic
stroke
has
been
extensively
studied.
role
CD4+CD25+
regulatory
T
(Treg)
cells
recovery
phase
have
shown
infarct
size
reduction
and
functional
improvement,
possibly
through
mitigation
inflammatory
immune
responses.
We
aimed
to
investigate
molecular
factors
involved
in
microglia-Treg
cell
communication
that
result
Treg
trafficking.
First,
we
observed
migration
patterns
CD8+
(cytotoxic)
then
searched
for
chemokines
released
by
activated
microglia
an
oxygen-glucose
deprivation
(OGD)
model.
transwell
assay
showed
increased
into
OGD
media
both
types,
agreement
with
increase
trafficking
from
mouse
chemokine
profiling
array.
MSCV
retrovirus
was
transduced
overexpress
CCR4
cells.
CCR4-overexpressed
were
injected
transient
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
(tMCAO)
model
evaluate
therapeutic
potential
via
tetrazolium
chloride
(TTC)
behavioral
tests.
A
general
improvement
prognosis
animals
after
tMCAO
observed.
Our
results
suggest
mobility
response
microglia-derived
vitro
cellular
therapy.
Язык: Английский
Laboratory blood markers in COVID-19 and their connection to Viral variant
Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(3), С. 429 - 436
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2024
Morality
rates
in
COVID-19
are
dependent
on
timely
diagnosis.
Therefore,
studying
the
relationship
between
laboratory
markers
and
severity
of
disease
is
important.
The
first
wave
associated
with
spread
original
strain
SARS-CoV-2,
showed
higher
mortality
caused
by
cytokine
storm.
As
viral
variant
changed,
a
change
course
towards
less
pronounced
inflammatory
reaction
was
observed.
These
changes
affected
major
players
inflammation,
cytokines.
However,
cytokines
not
only
response.
purpose
this
work
to
determine
significance
inflammation:
WBC,
C-reactive
protein,
ferritin,
fibrinogen,
D-dimer.
study
included
227
patients
acute
5–7
days
from
onset
January
2021
March
2022.
When
compared
reference,
all
groups
were
characterized
reduced
absolute
values
lymphocytes.
Correlation
analysis
value
lymphocytes
plasma
concentrations
also
revealed
statistically
significant
strong
relationships
level
chemokine
CCL22/MDC.
Given
that
CCL22/MDC
an
important
component
lymphopoiesis,
its
low
may
indicate
dysregulation
process
COVID-19.
In
addition,
we
noted
positive
correlation
protein
IL-6
peripheral
blood.
proinflammatory
cytokine,
elevated
levels
have
been
development
severe
One
functions
induction
trend
persists
regardless
which
causes
We
correlations
fibrinogen
IL-18,
ferritin
IL-6,
IL-18.
Both
these
proteins
involved
inflammation
along
literature
provides
data
for
determining
There
evidence
synergistic
effect
IL-18
against
pathogens.
Of
interest
negative
D-dimer
IFNα.
At
same
time,
role
latter
thrombus
formation
processes
increasingly
appearing
literature.
Язык: Английский
Alterations in the plasma proteome persist ten months after recovery from mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024
Limited
data
are
available
describing
the
effects
of
SARS-CoV-2
breakthrough
infections
on
plasma
proteome.
Язык: Английский
Circulating biomarkers associated with pediatric sickle cell disease
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
Sickle
cell
disease
(SCD)
is
a
genetic
blood
disorder
caused
by
mutation
in
the
HBB
gene,
which
encodes
beta-globin
subunit
of
hemoglobin.
This
leads
to
production
abnormal
hemoglobin
S
(HbS),
causing
red
cells
deform
into
sickle
shape.
These
deformed
can
block
flow,
leading
complications
like
chronic
hemolysis,
anemia,
severe
pain
episodes,
and
organ
damage.
SCD
genotypes
include
HbSS,
HbSC
(HbC
an
variant
hemoglobin),
HbS/β-thalassemia.
trait
(SCT),
HbAS,
represents
carrier
state,
while
other
variants
HbCC,
HbAC,
normal
HbAA.
Over
7.5
million
people
worldwide
live
with
SCD,
high
mortality
rate
sub-Saharan
Africa,
including
Ghana.
Despite
its
prevalence,
underdiagnosed
poorly
managed,
especially
children.
Characterized
intravascular
oxidative
stress,
endothelial
activation,
systemic
inflammation.
Identifying
circulating
biomarkers
indicative
damage
processes
vital
for
understanding
improving
patient
management.
However,
research
on
pediatric
limited
few
have
been
identified
validated.
study
explores
specific
Ghana
(West
Africa),
hypothesizing
that
inflammatory
neuronal
injury
markers
children
could
predict
outcomes.
Язык: Английский