International Journal of Translational Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
4(4), С. 710 - 725
Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2024
Background:
Organ-on-a-chip
models
have
emerged
as
transformative
tools
in
ophthalmology,
offering
physiologically
relevant
platforms
for
studying
ocular
diseases
and
testing
therapeutic
interventions.
These
microfluidic
devices
replicate
human
eye
tissue
architecture,
addressing
limitations
of
traditional
vitro
animal
models.
Methods:
A
narrative
review
recent
advancements
organ-on-a-chip
technology
was
conducted,
focusing
on
simulating
structures
like
the
retina
cornea
their
applications
such
dry
disease
(DED),
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD),
glaucoma.
Results:
Advanced
successfully
mimic
key
features,
providing
insights
into
mechanisms
responses.
Innovations
microengineering
cellular
integration
enhanced
these
platforms’
translational
potential,
though
challenges
scalability
regulatory
validation
persist.
Conclusions:
are
poised
to
enhance
preclinical
research
clinical
ophthalmology.
Addressing
hurdles
will
be
unlocking
full
potential
drug
discovery
modeling.
Translational Vision Science & Technology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1), С. 24 - 24
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
Purpose:
A
human
model
able
to
simulate
the
manifestation
of
corneal
endothelium
decompensation
could
be
advantageous
for
wound
healing
and
future
cell
therapy
assessment.
The
study
aimed
establish
an
ex
vivo
cornea
where
function
can
evaluated
by
measuring
thickness
changes.
Methods:
was
maintained
in
artificial
anterior
chamber,
with
a
continuous
culture
medium
infusion
system
designed
sustain
epithelium
simultaneously.
used
assess
endothelial
function.
Immunostaining
evaluate
viability
marker
expression,
ZO-1
Na/K
ATPase.
Results:
Human
corneas
intact
were
28
days,
showing
normal
clear
transparent
appearance.
Corneal
cells
alive
expressed
ATPase
at
end
organ
culture.
wounded
showed
persistent
edema
increase
654.6
±
31.7
µm.
Staining
results
that
no
migrated
cover
expression
on
posterior
surface
found.
Conclusions:
This
provided
novel
method
model,
accessing
thickness.
Translational
Relevance:
established
this
provide
alternative
animal
studying
decompensation.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(6), С. 1303 - 1303
Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
is
a
chronic
metabolic
disorder
marked
by
hyperglycemia
due
to
defects
in
insulin
secretion,
action,
or
both,
with
global
prevalence
that
has
tripled
recent
decades.
This
condition
poses
significant
public
health
challenges,
affecting
individuals,
healthcare
systems,
and
economies
worldwide.
Among
its
numerous
complications,
ocular
surface
disease
(OSD)
concern,
yet
understanding
pathophysiology,
diagnosis,
management
remains
challenging.
review
aims
explore
the
epidemiology,
clinical
manifestations,
diagnostic
approaches,
strategies
of
diabetes-related
OSD.
The
surface,
including
cornea,
conjunctiva,
associated
structures,
vital
for
maintaining
eye
health,
lacrimal
functional
unit
(LFU)
playing
crucial
role
tear
film
regulation.
In
DM,
changes
glycosaminoglycan
metabolism,
collagen
synthesis,
oxygen
consumption,
LFU
dysfunction
contribute
complications.
Persistent
leads
expression
cytokines,
chemokines,
cell
adhesion
molecules,
resulting
neuropathy,
abnormalities,
epithelial
lesions.
Recent
advances
molecular
research
therapeutic
modalities,
such
as
gene
stem
therapies,
show
promise
managing
diabetic
Future
should
focus
on
pathogenetically
oriented
therapies
neuropathy
keratopathy,
transitioning
from
animal
models
trials
improve
patient
outcomes.
Advanced Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025
Abstract
Corneal
blindness
remains
a
significant
global
health
challenge,
with
limited
treatment
options
due
to
donor
tissue
scarcity
outside
of
the
United
States
and
inadequate
in
vitro
models.
This
review
analyzes
current
state
cornea
chip
technology,
addressing
fundamental
challenges
exploring
future
directions.
Recent
advancements
biomaterials
fabrication
techniques
are
discussed
that
aim
recapitulate
complex
structure
function
human
cornea,
including
multilayered
epithelium,
organized
stroma,
functional
endothelium.
The
highlights
potential
chips
revolutionize
ocular
research
by
offering
more
predictive
physiologically
relevant
models
for
drug
screening,
disease
modeling,
personalized
medicine.
Current
designs,
their
applications
studying
permeability,
barrier
function,
wound
healing,
limitations
replicating
native
corneal
architecture,
examined.
Key
include
integrating
curvature,
basement
membrane
formation,
innervation.
Applications
explored
modeling
diseases
like
keratitis,
dry
eye
disease,
keratoconus,
Fuchs'
endothelial
dystrophy.
Future
directions
incorporating
curvature
using
hydraulically
controlled
systems,
patient‐derived
cells,
developing
comprehensive
accelerate
therapy
development
reduce
reliance
on
animal
testing.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
The
human
eye
is
a
highly
intricate
sensory
organ.
When
condition
requiring
treatment
occurs,
eyedrops,
which
represent
90%
of
all
ophthalmic
treatments,
are
most
frequently
used.
However,
eyedrops
associated
with
low
bioavailability,
less
than
0.02%
therapeutic
molecules
reaching
the
anterior
chamber.
Thus,
new
delivery
systems
required
to
ensure
sufficient
drug
concentration
over
time
at
target
site.
Gold
nanoparticles
promising
avenue
for
delivery;
however,
they
can
be
difficult
track
in
biological
systems.
Fluorescent
gold
nanoparticles,
have
same
ultrastability
and
biocompatibility
as
their
nonfluorescent
counterpart,
could
act
an
effective
imaging
tool
study
localization
throughout
after
administration.
this
(1)
synthesized
characterized
fluorescent
(2)
validated
similar
properties
between
(3)
determined
topical
application
on
ex
vivo
rabbit
eyes.
were
synthesized,
characterized,
identified
cornea,
iris,
lens,
posterior
segment
eyeballs,
demonstrating
tremendous
potential
future
research.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(4), С. 523 - 523
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
The
temporal
change
in
concentration
of
a
novel
medicine,
Latanoprost
(LP),
was
evaluated
the
aqueous
humor
rats
(6–8-week-old
Jcl:Wister
rats)
when
delivered
very-high-molecular-weight
hyaluronic
acid
(vHiHA)
eye
drop.
Animals
were
randomly
assigned
to
three
treatment
groups
(LP
+
vHiHA
(LPvHiHA),
commercial
LP
(cLP),
and
diluted
(dLP))
after
instilling
drops,
(AH)
collected
at
0.5,
1,
2,
4,
6
h
measure
using
an
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA).
Although
LPvHiHA
drop
formulation
3.57
times
lower
than
drops
used
AH
following
administration
reached
value
close
that
cLP.
cLP
same
as
for
dLP
group,
but
these
animals
all
time
points.
higher
suggests
may
aid
transport
across
ocular
surface
epithelium.
Micromachines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(7), С. 856 - 856
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024
Smart
contact
lenses
represent
a
breakthrough
in
the
intersection
of
medical
science
and
innovative
technology,
offering
transformative
potential
ophthalmology.
This
review
article
delves
into
technological
underpinnings
smart
lenses,
emphasizing
current
landscape
advancements
biosensors,
power
supply,
biomaterials,
transmission
ocular
information.
further
applies
new
innovations
to
their
emerging
role
diagnosis,
monitoring,
management
various
conditions.
Moreover,
we
explore
impact
technical
on
application
monitoring
glaucoma,
managing
postoperative
care,
dry
eye
syndrome,
elucidating
non-invasive
nature
these
devices
continuous
health
monitoring.
The
therapeutic
such
as
treatment
through
targeted
drug
delivery
inflammatory
biomarkers
is
also
highlighted.
Despite
promising
advancements,
implementation
faces
technical,
regulatory,
patient
compliance
challenges.
synthesizes
recent
advances
provide
an
outlook
state
lens
technology.
Furthermore,
discuss
future
directions,
focusing
enhancements
applications
within
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(24), С. 7651 - 7651
Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2024
Ocular
diseases
such
as
cataract,
refractive
error,
age-related
macular
degeneration,
glaucoma,
and
diabetic
retinopathy
significantly
impact
vision
quality
of
life
worldwide.
Despite
advances
in
conventional
treatments,
challenges
like
limited
bioavailability,
poor
patient
compliance,
invasive
administration
methods
hinder
their
effectiveness.
Nanomedicine
offers
a
promising
solution
by
enhancing
drug
delivery
to
targeted
ocular
tissues,
enabling
sustained
release,
improving
therapeutic
outcomes.
This
review
explores
the
journey
nanomedicine
from
bench
bedside,
focusing
on
key
nanotechnology
platforms,
preclinical
models,
case
studies
successful
clinical
translation.
It
addresses
critical
challenges,
including
pharmacokinetics,
regulatory
hurdles,
manufacturing
scalability,
which
must
be
overcome
for
market
entry.
Additionally,
this
highlights
safety
considerations,
current
marketed
FDA-approved
products,
emerging
trends
gene
therapy
personalized
approaches.
By
providing
comprehensive
overview
landscape
future
directions,
article
aims
guide
researchers,
clinicians,
industry
stakeholders
advancing
application
ophthalmology.
The
cornea,
consisting
of
three
cellular
and
two
non-cellular
layers,
is
the
outermost
part
eyeball
frequently
injured
by
external
physical,
chemical,
microbial
insults.
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
repair
corneal
injuries.
Zinc
finger
E-box
binding
homeobox
1
(ZEB1),
an
important
transcription
factor
involved
EMT,
expressed
tissues.
It
regulates
cell
activities
like
migration,
transformation,
proliferation,
thereby
affects
tissue
inflammation,
fibrosis,
tumor
metastasis,
necrosis
mediating
various
major
signaling
pathways,
including
transforming
growth
(TGF)-β.
Dysfunction
ZEB1
would
impair
leading
to
epithelial
healing
delay,
interstitial
neovascularization,
squamous
metaplasia.
Understanding
mechanism
underlying
regulation
injury
will
help
us
formulate
therapeutic
approach
enhance
repair.
