Obesity and metabolism,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(4), С. 389 - 404
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Currently,
879
million
adults
in
the
world
are
obese.
Obesity
and
type
2
diabetes
have
common
key
pathophysiological
mechanisms.
Weight
loss
is
an
integral
part
of
management.
Advances
study
pathogenesis
obesity
contribute
to
development
introduction
into
clinical
practice
innovative
technologies
combat
epidemic
mellitus.
New
drugs
take
effect
at
level
central
nervous
system,
gastrointestinal
tract,
adipose
tissue,
kidneys,
liver,
pancreas,
skeletal
muscles.
The
safety
gene
therapy
being
evaluated,
potential
special
methods
drug
delivery
target
tissues
studied.
Randomized
studies
show
that
effectiveness
a
number
new
pharmacological
weight
carbohydrate
metabolism
normalization
already
almost
comparable
bariatric
surgery.
This
review
summarizes
literature
on
prospects
for
treatment
based
developments
primarily
field
peptide
drugs,
monoclonal
antibodies,
RNA
therapy.
FASEB BioAdvances,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025
Abstract
Amylin,
also
known
as
islet
amyloid
polypeptide
(IAPP),
is
a
pancreatic
β
‐
cell
peptide
hormone
involved
in
satiation
and
control
food
intake.
It
produced
smaller
quantities
by
neurons,
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
spinal
ganglia.
Numerous
studies
have
revealed
that
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
cognitive
deficits
exhibit
IAPP
deposits
pancreas,
brain,
blood
vessels.
has
been
shown
to
exert
neuroprotective
effects
against
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
impairments.
The
objective
of
this
review
paper
provide
recent
information
about
pathophysiological
roles
metabolic
neurological
disorders,
its
potential
druggable
target.
We
reviewed
preclinical
clinical
human
animal
research
IAPP.
discuss
structure,
receptors,
physiological
functions
metabolism,
satiation,
adiposity,
obesity,
brain.
Then
we
role
disorders
like
diabetes,
bone
disorder,
neurodegeneration,
cerebrovascular
depression,
alcohol
use
epilepsy,
ovarian
cysts.
Overall,
provides
on
progress
into
receptor
intake,
energy
homeostasis,
glucose
regulation,
making
it
target
for
therapeutic
approaches.
This
suggests
utilization
rodents
overexpressing
neurodegeneration
models
may
unearth
some
significant
potentials
disorders.
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2025
Abstract
Obesity
and
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2D)
are
widespread
diseases
that
significantly
impact
cardiovascular
renal
morbidity
mortality.
In
the
recent
years,
intensive
research
has
been
performed
to
assess
role
of
adipose
tissue
body
fat
distribution
in
development
metabolic
non‐metabolic
complications
individuals
with
obesity.
addition
lifestyle
modifications,
glucagon‐like
peptide‐1
receptor
agonists
(GLP‐1‐RA)
have
become
a
meaningful
treatment
expansion
for
management
both
disorders.
improving
control
reducing
weight,
GLP‐1‐RAs
reduces
events
obesity
without
diabetes.
These
important
benefits
triggered
new
interest
other
enteroendocrine
enteropancreatic
peptides
treating
its
consequences.
The
first
peptide
dual‐agonist
targeting
glucose‐dependent
insulinotropic
polypeptide
(GIP)
GLP‐1
receptors
approved
T2D
GIP/GLP‐1
dual‐agonism
appear
provide
better
greater
weight
reduction
compared
GLP‐1‐R
mono‐agonism.
Other
non‐peptide
co‐agonists
clinical
obesity,
T2D,
dysfunction‐associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
This
narrative
review
aims
summarize
available
data
on
emerging
based
approaches
efficacy
measures,
side
effects,
limitations
open
challenges
will
also
be
addressed.
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(4), С. e004291 - e004291
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
The
prevalence
of
type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
is
increasing
relentlessly
all
over
the
world,
in
parallel
with
a
similar
increase
obesity,
and
striking
ever
younger
patients.
Only
minority
patients
T2D
attain
glycemic
targets,
indicating
clear
need
for
novel
antidiabetic
drugs
that
not
only
control
glycemia
but
also
halt
or
slow
progressive
loss
β-cells.
Two
entirely
classes
agents—glucokinase
activators
imeglimin—have
recently
been
approved
will
be
subject
this
review.
Allosteric
glucokinase,
an
enzyme
stimulating
insulin
secretion
β-cells
suppressing
hepatic
glucose
production,
are
oral
low-molecular-weight
drugs.
One
these,
dorzagliatin,
China
use
adult
T2D,
either
as
monotherapy
add-on
to
metformin.
It
remains
seen
whether
drug
produce
sustained
effects
many
years
side
led
discontinuation
early
candidates
limit
usefulness
dorzagliatin.
Imeglimin—which
shares
structural
similarities
metformin—targets
mitochondrial
dysfunction
was
Japan
against
T2D.
In
preclinical
studies,
has
shown
promising
β-cell
protective
preservative
may
translate
into
disease-modifying
effects.
Hopefully,
these
two
newcomers
contribute
filling
great
medical
new
treatment
modalities,
preferably
potential.
where
they
fit
contemporary
algorithms,
which
combinations
effective
should
avoided.
Time
tell
what
extent
agents
add
value
current
options
terms
effect,
acceptable
safety,
utility
combination
therapy,
impact
on
hard
end-points
such
cardiovascular
disease.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(15), С. 8202 - 8202
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024
Obesity
is
a
chronic
disease
caused
primarily
by
the
imbalance
between
amount
of
calories
supplied
to
body
and
energy
expenditure.
Not
only
does
it
deteriorate
quality
life,
but
most
importantly
increases
risk
cardiovascular
diseases
development
type
2
diabetes
mellitus,
leading
reduced
life
expectancy.
In
this
review,
we
would
like
present
molecular
pathomechanisms
underlying
obesity,
which
constitute
target
points
for
action
anti-obesity
medications.
These
include
central
nervous
system,
brain-gut-microbiome
axis,
gastrointestinal
motility,
A
significant
part
article
dedicated
incretin-based
drugs
such
as
GLP-1
receptor
agonists
(e.g.,
liraglutide
semaglutide),
well
brand
new
dual
GIP
agonist
tirzepatide,
all
have
become
"block-buster"
due
their
effectiveness
in
reducing
weight
beneficial
effects
on
patient's
metabolic
profile.
Finally,
review
highlights
newly
designed
molecules
with
potential
future
obesity
management
that
are
subject
ongoing
clinical
trials.
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
affects
537
million
people
as
of
2021,
and
is
projected
to
rise
783
by
2045.
This
positions
DM
the
ninth
leading
cause
death
globally.
Among
patients,
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
primary
morbidity
mortality.
Notably,
prevalence
rates
CVD
alarmingly
high
among
diabetic
individuals,
particularly
in
North
America
Caribbean
(46.0%),
Southeast
Asia
(42.5%).
The
predominant
form
patients
coronary
artery
(CAD),
accounting
for
29.4%
cases.
pathophysiology
complex,
involving
insulin
resistance,
β-cell
dysfunction,
associated
complications
including
cardiomyopathy
(DCM)
autonomic
neuropathy
(CAN).
These
conditions
exacerbate
risks
underscoring
importance
managing
key
risk
factors
hypertension,
dyslipidemia,
obesity,
genetic
predisposition.
Understanding
networks
molecular
processes
that
link
diabetes
can
lead
new
diagnostics
therapeutic
interventions.
Imeglimin,
a
novel
mitochondrial
bioenergetic
enhancer,
represents
promising
medication
with
potential
address
both
resistance
secretion
difficulties.
Effective
management
through
oral
hypoglycemic
agents
(OHAs)
protect
system.
Additionally,
certain
antihypertensive
medications
significantly
reduce
diabetes-related
CVD.
lifestyle
changes,
diet
exercise
are
vital
diabesity
reducing
risks.
interventions,
along
emerging
ongoing
clinical
trials,
offer
hope
improved
patient
outcomes
long-term
remission.
study
highlights
urgent
need
strategies
overlapping
epidemics
By
elucidating
underlying
mechanisms
factors,
this
aims
guide
future
perspectives
enhance
understanding
pathogenesis
DM,
thereby
guiding
more
effective
treatment
strategies.
