Does Clostridium Perfringens Epsilon Toxin Mimic an Auto-Antigen Involved in Multiple Sclerosis?

Toxins, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1), С. 27 - 27

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by progressive demyelination and neuronal cell loss in the central nervous system. Many possible causes of MS have been proposed, including genetic factors, environmental triggers, infectious agents. Recently, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ETX) has incriminated MS, based initially on isolation bacteria from patient, combined with an immunoreactivity to ETX. To investigate putative causative role ETX we analyzed pattern antibodies reacting using sensitive qualitative assay. This prospective observational study included one hundred patients relapsing remitting multiple (RRMS), all untreated, ninety matched healthy controls. By assessing isotypic serum concentration ETX-reacting antibodies, our shows predominant IgM response over IgG IgA antibody responses both controls, significantly higher levels compared control group. A longitudinal follow-up ETX-specific subgroup did not show any correlation disease evolution. Overall, these unexpected findings are compatible specific recognition patients. They rather argue for cross immunological reactivity antigen, possibly autoantigen, mimicking Thus, data against hypothesis causal relationship between C. MS.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products—A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(5), С. 1796 - 1796

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Currently, the number of e-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) users are steadily increasing, while classic cigarette decreasing. The effects smoking cigarettes on human health have been thoroughly described in literature, but negative e-cigarettes HTPs body not clearly defined. Among different forms tobacco, those at a particularly high risk developing particular disease entities should be identified, allowing for faster implementation potential treatments, including psychotherapeutic ones. Biomarkers used this purpose. This paper summarizes these compounds from exposure groups cigarettes, e-cigarettes, HTPs, presents changes their concentrations fluids users. review discusses impact use relation to levels following biomarkers: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, Il-13, TGF-β, VEGF EGF, HGF, BDNF, MMP-9, CRP, microplastics, selected parameters oxidative stress. also includes suggested treatment, Tobacco Product Use Reduction Programs, minimize above-mentioned products.

Язык: Английский

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Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis

Sclerosis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(2), С. 11 - 11

Опубликована: Март 30, 2025

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy, immune dysregulation, and progressive fibrosis affecting the skin internal organs. Pulmonary complications, including interstitial lung (ILD) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are major contributors to morbidity mortality, while remains hallmark of heterogeneity. Despite advances in understanding SSc pathogenesis, early diagnosis timely therapeutic intervention remain challenging due rapid progression inflammation narrow window before irreversible occurs. The identification reliable biomarkers crucial for improving diagnosis, monitoring activity, guiding treatment decisions SSc. While autoantibodies well-established diagnostic tools, this review focused on non-autoantibody biomarkers, soluble proteins, cytokines, chemokines, epigenetic modifiers, oxidative stress indicators. These reflect diverse pathogenic mechanisms such as endothelial injury, fibroblast activation, signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling. By examining available evidence across both clinical preclinical studies, provides an updated overview molecular markers involved Understanding their biological significance potential may improve risk stratification, guide targeted interventions, ultimately contribute development precision medicine strategies systemic sclerosis.

Язык: Английский

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Kinesiotherapeutic Possibilities and Molecular Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis

Sclerosis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(2), С. 13 - 13

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and incurable neurological disease of the central nervous system. Three main forms have been distinguished: relapsing–remitting form (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), primary (PPMS). Currently, in patients with MS, addition to pharmacotherapy, neurorehabilitation indicated improve motor function body action most physiological movement patterns possible. In this therapy, work on lost or incorrect functions used provide patient self-sufficiency everyday life. Kinesiotherapy as part neurorehabilitation. This therapy for MS includes coordination exercises aimed at facilitating movement, strengthening resistance training, balance exercises, improving stability during activities stretching relaxation tissue elasticity, reducing tension, breathing exercises. article, we present various possibilities using kinesiotherapy stages development. Moreover, would like draw attention benefits physical activity leading significant improvement quality life patients. We believe that regular exercise program should be these future.

Язык: Английский

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Honey-Processed Radix Astragali Polysaccharides Exhibit Enhanced Qi-Tonifying Effects via Structural Modifications and Microbiome-Metabolome Regulation

Food Bioscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 106560 - 106560

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Influence of STAT4 Genetic Variants and Serum Levels on Multiple Sclerosis Occurrence in the Lithuanian Population

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(8), С. 2385 - 2385

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease involving demyelination, inflammation, gliosis, and the loss of neurons. MS a growing global health problem most likely caused by genetic, immunological, environmental factors. However, exact etiology still unknown. Since related to dysregulation immune system, it could be linked signal transducer activator transcription 4 (STAT4). To fully comprehend significance STAT4 gene serum levels in MS, further research required. Methods: A total 200 patients healthy controls participated study. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted using silica-based membrane technology. Polymerase chain reaction used real time for genotyping. Using ELISA technique, were measured. Results:STAT4 rs7601754 AA genotype allele statistically significantly less frequent (p = 0.003). Also, associated with 1.9-fold increased odds occurrence 0.004). The AG more common males 0.011) 2.5-fold 0.012). lower compared control group 0.007). Conclusions:STAT4 increases occurrence. group.

Язык: Английский

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Genetically predicted associations between circulating cytokines and autoimmune diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Objectives Previous studies have indicated a correlation between cytokines and autoimmune diseases. yet the causality remains uncertain. Through Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, we aimed to investigate causal relationships genetically predicted levels of 91 three diseases: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT). Methods A bidirectional two-sample MR approach was utilized assess MS, SLE, HT. The datasets included 47,429 MS cases 68,374 controls, 5,201 SLE 9,066 16,191 HT with 210,612 controls. Data on comprised 14,824 participants. Causal analyses primarily employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger methods, sensitivity including heterogeneity pleiotropy assessment. Results Genetically IL-18 (OR = 0.706; 95% C.I. 0.538–0.925), ADA 0.808; 0.673–0.970), SCF 0.898; 0.816–0.987) were associated decreased risk MS. IL-4 1.384; 1.081–1.771), IL-7 1.401; 1.010–1.943), IL-10RA 1.266; 1.004–1.596), CXCL5 1.170; 1.021–1.341), NTN 1.225; 1.004–1.496), FGF23 0.644; 0.460–0.902), MCP4 0.665; 0.476–0.929) risk. CDCP1 1.127; 1.008–1.261), IL-33 0.852; 0.727–0.999), TRAIL 0.884; 0.799–0.979) Bidirectional results suggest involvement CCL19, IL-13, SLAM, ARTN, Eotaxin, IL-22RA1, ADA, MMP10 in downstream development these Conclusions Our findings support certain risks HT, identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosis prevention. Additionally, several previously unexplored disease contexts discovered, laying new groundwork study mechanisms therapeutic potentials.

Язык: Английский

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Potential Application of Plant-Derived Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis Management

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(17), С. 2996 - 2996

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, resulting in significant disability reduced quality of life. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target immune dysregulation, but limitations efficacy tolerability highlight the need for alternative treatments. Plant-derived compounds, including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects both preclinical clinical studies. By modulating responses promoting neuroregeneration, these compounds offer potential as novel adjunctive therapies MS. This review provides insights into molecular cellular basis MS pathogenesis, emphasizing role inflammation disease progression. It critically evaluates emerging evidence supporting use plant-derived to attenuate symptomology. In addition, we provide comprehensive source information detailing known mechanisms action assessing context with focus on their neuroprotective properties.

Язык: Английский

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Acetyl 11-Keto Beta-Boswellic Acid Improves Neurological Functions in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Inflammation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Interleukin in Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Updated Review

Molecular Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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