Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy? DOI Creative Commons

Georgios Tsioulos,

Natalia G. Vallianou, Alexandros Skourtis

и другие.

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 1637 - 1637

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading global health concern, with atherosclerosis being its principal cause. Standard CVD treatments primarily focus on mitigating cardiovascular (CV) risk factors through lifestyle changes and cholesterol-lowering therapies. As is marked by chronic arterial inflammation, the innate adaptive immune systems play vital roles in progression, either exacerbating or alleviating development. This intricate interplay positions system as compelling therapeutic target. Consequently, immunomodulatory strategies have gained increasing attention, though none yet reached widespread clinical adoption. Safety concerns, particularly suppression of host defenses, remain significant barrier to application anti-inflammatory Recent decades revealed role responses plaque-associated autoantigens atherogenesis, opening new perspectives for targeted immunological interventions. Preclinical models indicate that vaccines targeting specific atherosclerosis-related can slow progression while preserving systemic function. In this context, numerous experimental studies advanced understanding vaccine development exploring diverse pathways. Key include passive immunization using naturally occurring immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies active low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) apolipoproteins, such apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) CIII (ApoCIII). Other approaches involve formulations aimed at proteins regulate metabolism, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3). Furthermore, literature highlights potential developing non-lipid-related vaccines, key targets heat shock (HSPs), interleukins (ILs), angiotensin III (Ang III), disintegrin metalloproteinase thrombospondin motifs 7 (ADAMTS-7). However, translating these promising findings into safe effective therapies presents substantial challenges. review provides critical evaluation current anti-atherosclerotic vaccination strategies, examines their proposed mechanisms action, discusses challenges need be overcome enable translation.

Язык: Английский

Genética de la Lp(a) y asociación con el riesgo cardiovascular DOI
Carlos Fernando Yauli Flores,

A. Cabrera

Bionatura journal :, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2(1), С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

La variabilidad genética afecta los niveles y la función de lipoproteína(a) [Lp(a)], especialmente a través las isoformas apolipoproteína(a). Las con menos repeticiones KIV-2 generan más altos [Lp(a)] tienen una mayor afinidad por el plasminógeno, lo que inhibe fibrinólisis aumenta riesgo trombosis eventos cardiovasculares, aunque 80-90% variación es genética, factores no genéticos, como dieta hormonas, también influyen en esta partícula. se asocia diversas patologías incluyendo enfermedad coronaria aterosclerosis, contribuyendo inflamación formación placa ateromatosa, además, ha vinculado un accidente cerebrovascular, resalta su papel protrombótico al interferir fibrinólisis. En mujeres postmenopáusicas, observa aumento puede incrementar cardiovascular, pesar variedad métodos para medir estandarización sigue siendo desafío. Palabras clave: Lipoproteín(a), genetics, polymorphism, cardiovascular risk, disease

Процитировано

0
Cardiovascular disease lipids and lipoproteins biomarker standardization DOI
Alicia N. Lyle, Uliana Danilenko,

Otoe Sugahara

и другие.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 22

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in United States and globally. This review describes changes CVD lipid lipoprotein biomarker measurements that occurred line with evolution clinical practice guidelines for risk assessment treatment. It also discusses level comparability these practice. Comparable reliable are achieved through assay standardization, which not only depends on correct test calibration but factors such as analytical sensitivity, selectivity, susceptibility to can affect measurement process, stability system over time. The current status standardization traditional newer biomarkers discussed, approaches setting achieving goals low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density (HDL-C), total (TC), triglycerides (TG), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoproteins (apo) A-I B, non-HDL-C. Appropriate levels blood lipids maintained by Centers Disease Control Prevention's (CDC) Biomarkers Standardization Program (CDC BSP) using performance recommended National Cholesterol Education Program. agreement be dependent characteristics analytes differences principles between reference procedures assays. technical limitations observed apolipoproteins. Additionally, apoB Lp(a) may more accurately capture residual risk, respectively, than lipids, thus prompting recommend apolipoprotein measurements. further CDC's approach apoA-I B past 11 years. systems previously a single laboratory, no longer exist, requiring creation new systems, currently underway. situation emphasizes importance collaborative network laboratories, Reference Methods Laboratory Network (CRMLN), ensure sustainability. CDC supporting International Federation Clinical Chemistry Medicine's (IFCC) work establish lipoproteins. Ensuring reliability remains critical effective implementation improving patient care. Utilizing experience gained three decades, BSP will continue improve emerging together stakeholders.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Current Clinical Trials for Treating Elevated Lipoprotein(a) DOI
Christian David Vega Reyes, Rishi Rikhi, Sean Doherty

и другие.

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
The Pleiotropic Effects of Lipid-Modifying Interventions: Exploring Traditional and Emerging Hypolipidemic Therapies DOI Creative Commons
Dimitris Kounatidis, Nikolaοs Tentolouris, Natalia G. Vallianou

и другие.

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(7), С. 388 - 388

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global health issue, with dyslipidemia standing out as major risk factor. In recent decades, lipid-lowering therapies have evolved significantly, statins emerging the cornerstone treatment. These interventions play crucial role in both primary and secondary prevention by effectively reducing through lipid profile enhancements. Beyond their effects, extensive research indicates that these exhibit pleiotropic actions, offering additional benefits. include anti-inflammatory properties, improvements vascular glucose metabolism, potential implications cancer management. While ezetimibe been extensively studied, newer agents also demonstrate similar even absence of direct This narrative review explores diverse properties lipid-modifying therapies, emphasizing non-lipid effects contribute to burden exploring benefits for non-cardiovascular conditions. Mechanistic insights into actions are discussed alongside therapeutic implications.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3
Vaccination as a Promising Approach in Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation: Are We Ready to Embrace a Vaccine Strategy? DOI Creative Commons

Georgios Tsioulos,

Natalia G. Vallianou, Alexandros Skourtis

и другие.

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(12), С. 1637 - 1637

Опубликована: Дек. 20, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading global health concern, with atherosclerosis being its principal cause. Standard CVD treatments primarily focus on mitigating cardiovascular (CV) risk factors through lifestyle changes and cholesterol-lowering therapies. As is marked by chronic arterial inflammation, the innate adaptive immune systems play vital roles in progression, either exacerbating or alleviating development. This intricate interplay positions system as compelling therapeutic target. Consequently, immunomodulatory strategies have gained increasing attention, though none yet reached widespread clinical adoption. Safety concerns, particularly suppression of host defenses, remain significant barrier to application anti-inflammatory Recent decades revealed role responses plaque-associated autoantigens atherogenesis, opening new perspectives for targeted immunological interventions. Preclinical models indicate that vaccines targeting specific atherosclerosis-related can slow progression while preserving systemic function. In this context, numerous experimental studies advanced understanding vaccine development exploring diverse pathways. Key include passive immunization using naturally occurring immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies active low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) apolipoproteins, such apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) CIII (ApoCIII). Other approaches involve formulations aimed at proteins regulate metabolism, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3). Furthermore, literature highlights potential developing non-lipid-related vaccines, key targets heat shock (HSPs), interleukins (ILs), angiotensin III (Ang III), disintegrin metalloproteinase thrombospondin motifs 7 (ADAMTS-7). However, translating these promising findings into safe effective therapies presents substantial challenges. review provides critical evaluation current anti-atherosclerotic vaccination strategies, examines their proposed mechanisms action, discusses challenges need be overcome enable translation.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1