Optimizing Immunotherapy: The Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Artificial Intelligence in Melanoma Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Mohammad Saleem,

Abigail E. Watson,

Aisha Anwaar

и другие.

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 589 - 589

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed melanoma treatment; however, predicting patient responses remains a significant challenge. This study reviews the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize ICI therapy in by integrating various diagnostic tools. Through comprehensive literature review, we analyzed studies on AI applications immunotherapy, focusing predictive modeling, biomarker identification, and treatment response prediction. Key findings highlight efficacy improving outcomes. Machine learning models successfully identified prognostic cytokine signatures linked nivolumab clearance. The combination with RNAseq analysis had for development personalized ICIs. A machine learning-based approach was able assess risk-benefit ratio prediction immune-related adverse events (irAEs) using electronic health record (EHR) data. Deep algorithms demonstrated high accuracy tumor microenvironment analysis, including region identification lymphocyte detection. AI-assisted quantification tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) proved prognostically valuable primary anti-PD-1 metastatic cases. Integrating multiple modalities, such as CT imaging laboratory data, modestly enhanced performance 1-year survival advanced cancers treated immunotherapy. These underscore AI-driven approaches refine prediction, stratification While promising, clinical validation implementation challenges remain.

Язык: Английский

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Old and Emerging Therapeutic Targets DOI Open Access
Greta Pessino, Claudia Scotti, Maristella Maggi

и другие.

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5), С. 901 - 901

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), globally ranks sixth in incidence and third cancer-related deaths. HCC risk factors include non-viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, environmental exposures, genetic factors. No specific alterations are unequivocally linked to tumorigenesis. Current standard therapies surgical options, systemic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, like sorafenib regorafenib. Immunotherapy, targeting immune checkpoints, represents a promising avenue. FDA-approved checkpoint such as atezolizumab pembrolizumab, show efficacy, combination enhance clinical responses. Despite this, the treatment of (HCC) remains challenge, complex tumor ecosystem immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with it hamper efficacy available therapeutic approaches. This review explores current advanced approaches treat HCC, considering both known new potential targets, especially derived from proteomic analysis, which is today considered most approach. Exploring novel strategies, this discusses antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T), engineered antibodies. It then reports systematic analysis main ligand/receptor pairs molecular pathways reported be overexpressed cells, highlighting their limitations. Finally, TGFβ, one targets microenvironment.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

19
NK cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment DOI Creative Commons
Jia Hao, Hongmei Yang,

Huaxing Xiong

и другие.

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023

Natural killer (NK) cells kill mutant through death receptors and cytotoxic granules, playing an essential role in controlling cancer progression. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME), NK frequently exhibit exhausted status, which impairs their immunosurveillance function contributes to immune evasion. Emerging studies are ongoing reveal properties mechanisms of cell exhaustion TME. In this review, we will briefly introduce maturation, localization, homeostasis, cytotoxicity cells. We then summarize current understanding main underlying TME four aspects: dysregulation inhibitory activating signaling, cell-derived factors, immunosuppressive cells, metabolism exhaustion. also discuss therapeutic approaches currently being developed reverse enhance

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

36
Non-Invasive Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Adverse Events Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors DOI Open Access
Ben Ponvilawan, Abdul Wali Khan, Janakiraman Subramanian

и другие.

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 1225 - 1225

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are the most common complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. With widespread use ICIs in patients with solid tumors, up to 40% develop irAEs within five months treatment, and 11% severe requiring interventions. A predictive test for would be a crucial tool monitoring complications during after ICI We performed an extensive review potential biomarkers who received Currently, only thyroid-stimulating hormone is utilized clinical practice. This due unavailability commercial tests unclear values from various studies. Given lack single strong biomarkers, some novel approaches using composite scores genomic, transcriptomics, cytokine levels, or parameters appear appealing. Still, these have yet validated incorporated into Further research conducted validate models before implementing them real-world settings will utmost importance irAE prediction.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

8
Impact of cannabinoids on cancer outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons

MariaLuisa Vigano,

Lixing Wang,

Alia As’sadiq

и другие.

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Cannabinoids relieve pain, nausea, anorexia and anxiety, improve quality of life in several cancer patients. The immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), although very successful a subset patients, is accompanied by moderate to severe immune-related adverse events (ir-AE) that often necessitate its discontinuation. Because their role symptomatic relief, cannabinoids have been used combination immune inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy. A few studies strongly suggest the use medicinal cannabis patients attenuates many ir-AE associated ICI increase tolerability. However, no significant beneficial effects on overall survival, progression free survival or relapses were observed; rather, some noted concurrent administration clinical benefits latter. cannabinoids' well documented immunosuppressive mediated through cannabinoid recptor-2 (CB2), we propose considering this receptor as an inhibitory per se. simultaneous neutralization CB2, treatment, may lead better outcomes receiving In regard, such cannabidiol (CBD) cannabigerol (CBG), little agonism for be therapeutic choices. Additional strategies e.g., monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) degrade endocannabinoids lipogenesis formation lipid bilayers cells also explored. Future should take into consideration gut microbiota, CYP450 polymorphism haplotypes, cannabinoid-drug interactions genetic somatic variations occurring receptors signaling pathways personalized cannabis-based therapies ICIs. This rational knowledge-based regimens tailored individual

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
The Malignant Transformation of Viral Hepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Interventions DOI Creative Commons
Huimin Yuan, Ruochen Xu, Senlin Li

и другие.

MedComm, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, predominantly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C (HCV) infections. These infections drive persistent liver inflammation, culminating in cellular dysregulation, fibrosis, cancer. Despite advancements targeted therapies, drug resistance the lack reliable biomarkers for patient stratification still terribly hinder treatment viral HCC. To this end, review delves into intricate mechanisms underlying malignant transformation to HCC, including integration, genomic instability, epigenetic modifications, oxidative stress, gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune escape, abnormal signaling pathways, highlighting their complex interactions synergies. Cutting-edge preclinical clinical HCC management, lifestyle immunotherapies, gene-based approaches, innovative treatments, are further investigated, particular priority given therapeutic potential future applications overcoming current limitations. By synthesizing recent scientific insights, aims deepen understanding pathogenesis context hepatitis, paving way novel targets personalized strategies, ultimately improving outcomes.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
Ferroptosis: CD8+T cells’ blade to destroy tumor cells or poison for self-destruction DOI Creative Commons
Yuan Liang, Yixin Zhao, Zhili Qi

и другие.

Cell Death Discovery, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Abstract Ferroptosis represents an emerging, iron-dependent form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. In recent years, it has garnered significant attention in the realm cancer immunotherapy, particularly studies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. This not only enhances our comprehension tumor microenvironment but is also considered a promising therapeutic strategy to address resistance, investigate activation mechanisms, and facilitate development vaccines. The combination immunotherapy with ferroptosis provides innovative targets fresh perspectives for advancing treatment. Nevertheless, cells appear possess wider array evasion strategies compared CD8 + T cells, which have been conclusively shown be more vulnerable ferroptosis. Furthermore, TME can create favorable environment survival invasion. Under this premise, both inducing inhibiting will impact antitumor immunity some extent, even make final result run counter purpose. paper systematically elucidates dual-edged sword role process briefly outlining complexity within TME. It explores potential side effects associated ferroptosis-inducing therapies critically considers combined application ferroptosis-based ICIs. highlights current challenges faced approach points out future directions development.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

1
MIF and CD74 as Emerging Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy DOI Open Access
Rosalyn M. Fey,

Rebecca A. Nichols,

Thuy Tran

и другие.

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(9), С. 1773 - 1773

Опубликована: Май 4, 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is used to treat a wide range of cancers; however, some patients are at risk developing treatment resistance and/or immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thus, there great need for the identification reliable predictive biomarkers response and toxicity. The cytokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) its cognate receptor CD74 intimately connected with cancer progression have previously been proposed as prognostic patient outcome in various cancers, including solid tumors such malignant melanoma. Here, we assess their potential ICB irAE development. We provide brief overview function roles context autoimmune disease. also review evidence showing that may be use highlight careful consideration required when assessing serum levels biomarker due reported circadian expression human plasma. Finally, suggest future directions establishment development guide further research this field.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

8
Human Papilloma Virus Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Immune System: Pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and Future Perspectives DOI Open Access
Alan Soo Beng Khoo, Michael Boyer, Zuhayr Jafri

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2798 - 2798

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), a subset of head and neck (HNSCC), involves the palatine tonsils, soft palate, base tongue, uvula, with ability to spread adjacent subsites. Personalized treatment strategies for Human Papillomavirus-associated oropharynx (HPV+OPSCC) are yet be established. In this article, we summarise our current understanding pathogenesis HPV+OPSCC, intrinsic role immune system, ICI clinical trials, potential small molecule immunotherapy in HPV+OPSCC.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Inorganic Nanoparticle Functionalization Strategies in Immunotherapeutic Applications DOI Creative Commons
Wei Mao, Hyuk Sang Yoo

Biomaterials Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6
Predictive Biomarkers and Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumors DOI Open Access
Luciana Alexandra Pavelescu, Robert Mihai Enache,

Oana Alexandra Roşu

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(17), С. 9659 - 9659

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung (NSCLC), endometrial carcinoma, renal (RCC), or urothelial (UC) include programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and the microenvironment (TME). Over past decade, several types of ICIs, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, anti-programmed (PD-1) antibodies, anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibodies have been studied approved by Food Drug Administration (FDA), with ongoing research on others. Recent studies highlight critical role gut microbiome influencing a positive therapeutic response to emphasizing importance modeling factors that can maintain healthy microbiome. However, resistance mechanisms emerge, increased expression alternative checkpoints, T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig), mucin domain-containing 3 (TIM-3), LAG-3, impaired antigen presentation, alterations TME. This review aims synthesize data regarding interactions between microbiota immunotherapy (IT). Understanding these is essential optimizing ICI therapy developing effective combination strategies.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

6