Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2024

Neurovascular unit (NVU) inflammation via activation of glial cells and neuronal damage plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. Though the exact mechanism disease pathogenesis is not understood, certain biomarkers provide valuable insight into pathogenesis, severity, progression therapeutic efficacy. These markers can be used to assess pathophysiological status brain including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, specialized microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, NVU, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Damage or derangements tight junction (TJ), adherens (AdJ), gap (GJ) components BBB lead increased permeability neuroinflammation various disorders disorders. Thus, neuroinflammatory evaluated blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tissues determine neurological progression, responsiveness. Chronic common age-related Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), dementia. Neurotrauma/traumatic injury (TBI) also leads acute chronic responses. The expression some may altered many years even decades before onset In this review, we discuss neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration associated with disorders, especially those neurovascular pathologies. CSF, tissues. Neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCHL1), fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), transmembrane 119 (TMEM119), aquaporin, endothelin-1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) are important markers. Recent BBB-on-a-chip modeling offers promising potential for providing an in-depth understanding neurotherapeutics. Integration these clinical practice could potentially enhance early diagnosis, monitor improve outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Blood‐based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), displaying AD pathology similar to the general population. This study evaluated AD-related blood biomarkers in DS within AT(N) framework through a systematic review and meta-analysis studies published between 2017 October 2024. The focused on plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated (p-tau)181, neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, comparing 2109 individuals 1006 euploid controls. Plasma Aβ42, NfL, GFAP levels were significantly elevated compared controls, while Aβ42/40 ratio was reduced. In DS-AD individuals, Aβ42 t-tau elevated, p-tau181, consistently across clinical subgroups. Notably, Aβ40 changed preclinical AD, increased AD. Incorporating inflammation (I) markers highlights neuroinflammation's role progression, supporting blood-based AT(N)I for early detection monitoring DS. HIGHLIGHTS: We reviewed 58 18 using single molecule array. DS-Alzheimer's (AD) showed higher levels. all AD; rose

Язык: Английский

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A pentavalent peptide vaccine elicits Aβ and tau antibodies with prophylactic activity in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 122, С. 185 - 201

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Investigation of the expression of Cis P‐tau and Pin1 proteins following air pollution induction in the brain tissue of C57BL/6 mice

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2024

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial in which environmental factors play role. Among factors, air pollution vital issue modern life. Despite extensive considerations, it remains uncertain how mediates neurodegeneration AD. Beta‐amyloids and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological markers that have been studied AD so far. Tau protein basically phosphoprotein whose functions controlled by phosphorylation. The function of to be located on surface microtubules stabilize them. Studies shown phosphorylated (p‐tau) exists cis trans conformations at Thr231, among highly neurotoxic. Pin1 enzyme performs conversion or vice versa. In this study, an experimental mouse model was designed investigate formation p‐tau inducing pollution. way, mice were randomly exposed 2‐week, 1‐month, 2‐month intervals. We investigated form during brains using Western blots immunofluorescence. fluorescent imaging results blotting analysis revealed significant accumulation pollution‐treated models compared healthy control mice. According blot results, induction caused decrease protein. clearly show tauopathy observed mediated through tau. Our findings unravel mysteries upon would help find possible therapeutic target fight devastating disorder

Язык: Английский

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Electrochemiluminescence biosensor for P-tau217 based on target-induced change of the steric hindrance effect of an antibody-modified electrode

Microchemical Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 111807 - 111807

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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