Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(3), С. 133 - 146

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

BMJ, Год журнала: 2021, Номер unknown, С. n1648 - n1648

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2021

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives health of people around globe. As 4 July 2021, more than 183 million confirmed cases been recorded worldwide, 3.97 deaths. Recent evidence shown that range persistent symptoms can remain long after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, this condition is now coined covid by recognized research institutes. Studies have affect whole spectrum with covid-19, from those very mild disease to most severe forms. Like involve multiple organs many systems including, but not limited to, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal systems. The include fatigue, dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle pain, concentration problems, headache. This review summarizes studies term effects hospitalized non-hospitalized patients describes they endure. Risk factors for possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review

Annals of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 54(1), С. 1473 - 1487

Опубликована: Май 20, 2022

After almost 2 years of fighting against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number patients enduring persistent symptoms long after acute infection is a matter concern. This set was referred to as "long COVID", and it defined more recently "Post COVID-19 condition" by World health Organization (WHO). Although studies have revealed that COVID can manifest whatever severity inaugural illness, underlying pathophysiology still enigmatic.To conduct comprehensive review address putative persisting COVID.We searched 11 bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, JBI EBP Database, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINHAL, Ovid Nursing Journals@Ovid, SciLit, EuropePMC, CoronaCentral). We selected put forward hypotheses on pathophysiology, well those encompassed in their research investigation.A total 98 articles were included systematic review, 54 which exclusively addressed while 44 involved patients. Studies displayed heterogeneity with respect initial timing analysis, or presence control group. likely results from long-term organ damage due acute-phase infection, specific mechanisms following illness could contribute later possibly affecting many organs. As such, autonomic nervous system account for without clear evidence damage. Immune dysregulation, auto-immunity, endothelial dysfunction, occult viral persistence, coagulation activation are main pathophysiological so far.Evidence why occur limited, available heterogeneous. Apart damage, hints suggest be symptoms. KEY MESSAGESLong-COVID multisystem disease develops regardless severity. Its clinical spectrum comprises wide range symptoms.The its unclear. phase accounts symptoms, long-lasting inflammatory been proposed, well.Existing involving Long-COVID highly heterogeneous, they include various levels different time frame well.

Язык: Английский

---

Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(5), С. 911 - 923

Опубликована: Май 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 – A systematic review

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 97, С. 328 - 348

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2021

It has become evident that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a multi-organ pathology includes the brain and nervous system. Several studies have also reported acute psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients. An increasing number of are suggesting deficits may persist after recovery from primary infection. In current systematic review, we provide an overview available evidence supply information on potential risk factors underlying biological mechanisms behind such sequelae. We performed search for sequelae patients using databases PubMed Embase. Included all contained follow-up period provided quantitative measures mental health. The was June 4th 2021. 1725 unique were identified. Of these, 66 met inclusion criteria included. Time to ranged immediately hospital discharge up 7 months discharge, participants spanned 3 266,586 participants. Forty anxiety and/or depression, 20 symptoms- or diagnoses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 27 cognitive deficits, 32 articles found fatigue at follow-up, sleep disturbances 23 studies. Highlighted severity, duration symptoms, female sex. One study showed abnormalities correlating with several inflammatory markers correlate symptoms. Overall, results this review suggest survivors but generally improve over time.

Язык: Английский

---

A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications

Biochemical Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 479(4), С. 537 - 559

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022

Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), usually referred to as ‘Long COVID’ (a phenotype COVID-19), is a relatively frequent consequence SARS-CoV-2 infection, in which symptoms such breathlessness, fatigue, ‘brain fog’, tissue damage, inflammation, and coagulopathies (dysfunctions the blood coagulation system) persist long after initial infection. It bears similarities other post-viral syndromes, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Many regulatory health bodies still do not recognize this separate disease entity, refer it under broad terminology ‘COVID’, although its demographics are quite different from those acute COVID-19. A few years ago, we discovered that fibrinogen can clot into an anomalous ‘amyloid’ form fibrin (like β-rich amyloids prions) resistant proteolysis (fibrinolysis). The result, strongly manifested platelet-poor plasma (PPP) individuals with Long COVID, extensive amyloid microclots persist, entrap proteins, may lead production various autoantibodies. These more-or-less easily measured PPP stain thioflavin T simple fluorescence microscope. Although multifarious, here argue ability these (fibrinaloids) block up capillaries, thus limit passage red cells hence O2 exchange, actually underpin majority symptoms. Consistent this, preliminary report, has been shown suitable closely monitored ‘triple’ anticoagulant therapy leads removal also removes Fibrin represent novel potentially important target for both understanding treatment related disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2023

Abstract Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express total 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They class ion found in numerous tissues cell types permeable to wide range cations such as Ca 2+ , Mg Na + K others. responsible various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision taste activated by number stimuli. Their predominantly location the surface, their interaction with physiological signaling pathways, unique crystal structure make TRPs attractive drug targets implicate them treatment diseases. Here, we review history discovery, summarize structures functions family, highlight current understanding role pathogenesis human disease. Most importantly, describe channel-related therapeutic interventions diseases limitations targeting clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

---

Chronic Fatigue and Postexertional Malaise in People Living With Long COVID: An Observational Study

Physical Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 102(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2022

People living with long COVID describe a high symptom burden, and more detailed assessment is needed to inform rehabilitation recommendations. The objectives were use validated questionnaires measure the severity of fatigue compare this normative data thresholds for clinical relevance in other diseases; impact postexertional malaise (PEM); assess symptoms dysfunctional breathing, self-reported physical activity, health-related quality life.

Язык: Английский

---

ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023

Some patients remain unwell for months after "recovering" from acute COVID-19. They develop persistent fatigue, cognitive problems, headaches, disrupted sleep, myalgias and arthralgias, post-exertional malaise, orthostatic intolerance other symptoms that greatly interfere with their ability to function can leave some people housebound disabled. The illness (Long COVID) is similar myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) as well persisting illnesses follow a wide variety of infectious agents following major traumatic injury. Together, these are projected cost the U.S. trillions dollars. In this review, we first compare ME/CFS Long COVID, noting considerable similarities few differences. We then in extensive detail underlying pathophysiology two conditions, focusing on abnormalities central autonomic nervous system, lungs, heart, vasculature, immune gut microbiome, energy metabolism redox balance. This comparison highlights how strong evidence each abnormality, illness, helps set priorities future investigation. review provides current road map literature biology both illnesses.

Язык: Английский

---

Proposed subtypes of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (or long‐COVID) and their respective potential therapies

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 32(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2021

Summary The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a highly transmissible infectious respiratory that has initiated an ongoing pandemic since early 2020, do not always end in the acute phase. Depending on study referred, about 10%–30% (or more) COVID‐19 survivors may develop long‐COVID or post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS), characterised by persistent symptoms (most commonly fatigue, dyspnoea, and cognitive impairments) lasting for 3 months more after COVID‐19. While pathophysiological mechanisms PCS have been extensively described elsewhere, subtypes not. Owing to its multifaceted nature, this review proposes characterises six based existing literature. are non‐severe multi‐organ sequelae (NSC‐MOS), pulmonary fibrosis (PFS), myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue (ME/CFS), postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS), post‐intensive care (PICS) medical clinical (MCS). Original studies supporting each these documented review, as well their respective potential interventions. Ultimately, subtyping proposed herein aims provide better clarity current understanding PCS.

Язык: Английский

---