The Influence of Sex Hormones in Liver Function and Disease

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(12), С. 1604 - 1604

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2023

The liver performs a multitude of bodily functions, whilst retaining the ability to regenerate damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss sex steroid biology, regulation mammalian physiology and development new model systems improve our understanding biology in health disease. A major risk factor for disease is hepatic fibrosis. Key drivers process are metabolic dysfunction pathologic activation immune system. Although non-alcoholic fatty (NAFLD) largely regarded as benign, it does progress steatohepatitis subset patients, increasing their developing cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD susceptibility varies across population, with obesity insulin resistance playing strong role development. Additionally, age have been identified important factors. addition biochemistry, hormones also regulate system, sexual dimorphism described both innate adaptive responses. Therefore, differences metabolism, immunity interplay factors consider when designing, studying therapeutic strategies treat human purpose review provide reader general overview physiology.

Язык: Английский

---

When one size does not fit all: Reconsidering PCOS etiology, diagnosis, clinical subgroups, and subgroup-specific treatments

Endocrine and Metabolic Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14, С. 100159 - 100159

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects large proportion of women. Due to its heterogeneity, the best diagnostic strategy has been matter contention. Since 1990 scientific societies in field human reproduction have tried define pivotal criteria for diagnosis PCOS. The consensus Rotterdam included presence hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), now updated evidence based 2018 2023 International Guideline endorsed by 39 internationally. Within Criteria, at least two out three above-mentioned features are required be present diagnose PCOS, resulting four phenotypes being identified: phenotype A, characterized all features, B, exhibiting hyperandrogenism oligo-anovulation, C, presenting as PCOM finally D oligo-anovulation PCOM, lacking hyperandrogenic component. However, it hypothesis EGOI group C different underlying causality D. Recent studies highlighted strong correlation between insulin resistance role these factors driving alterations, such follicular functional cyst formation. This new understanding PCOS pathogenesis led authors endocrine-metabolic syndromes with metabolic clinical onset. Conversely, absence disturbances suggests origin this condition, point towards novel pathophysiological mechanisms; however, still not fully understood. Further questions raised regarding suitability "phenotypes" described Criteria publication recent GWAS studies, which demonstrated should considered subtypes they reflected genetic picture. Hence, capturing heterogeneity disorder, current may benefit from reassessment evaluation additional parameters endometrial thickness, purpose only improving their accuracy but also assigning an appropriate personalized treatment. In framework, overview aims analyze currently recognized community assess application practice light newly emerging evidence.

Язык: Английский

---

The Influence of Metabolic Factors and Diet on Fertility

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(5), С. 1180 - 1180

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Infertility is a disease globally affecting 20–30% of the reproductive age female population. However, in up to 50% on recorded cases, problems with infertility are ascribed men; therefore, it important popularize healthy eating also this group. During last decade, has been observed that society’s lifestyle changed drastically: reduced energy expenditure physical activity per day, increased consumption hypercaloric and high-glycemic-index foods high content trans fats, dietary fiber, which negatively affects fertility. Increasing evidence points link between diet It becoming clear well-planned nutrition can contribute effectiveness ART. The low-GI plant-based appears have positive effect, especially when based Mediterranean patterns: rich antioxidants, vegetable protein, MUFA fatty acids, omega-3, vitamins, minerals. Importantly, shown protect against chronic diseases associated oxidative stress, translates into pregnancy success. As seem be factors fertility, worth expanding knowledge regard among couples trying conceive child.

Язык: Английский

---

Asprosin in health and disease, a new glucose sensor with central and peripheral metabolic effects

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Adipose tissue malfunction leads to altered adipokine secretion which might consequently contribute an array of metabolic diseases spectrum including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disorders. Asprosin is a novel diabetogenic classified as caudamin hormone protein. This released from white adipose during fasting elicits glucogenic orexigenic effects. Although the dominant source for this multitask adipokine, other tissues also may produce asprosin such salivary glands, pancreatic B-cells, cartilage. Significantly, plasma levels link glucose metabolism, lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), β-cell function. Indeed, exhibits potent role in process, induces hepatic production, influences appetite behavior. Clinical preclinical research showed dysregulated circulating several type 2 mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), types cancer. review provides comprehensive overview etiology pathophysiological manifestations these conditions. could be promising candidate both pharmacological treatment strategies diagnostic tools, although developing better understanding its function signaling pathways still needed.

Язык: Английский

---

Early identification of PCOS with commonly known diseases: Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease using machine learning techniques

Expert Systems with Applications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 217, С. 119532 - 119532

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Do GLP-1 Analogs Have a Place in the Treatment of PCOS? New Insights and Promising Therapies

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(18), С. 5915 - 5915

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. This condition characterized by hyperandrogenism and either oligo- or anovulation. PCOS patients often present comorbidities such as obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, an increased risk diabetes. Given profound implications impairment PCOS, accurate diagnosis management these facets are imperative. The first-line approach to treatment involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments exercise aimed at achieving weight loss, a strategy consistently emphasized across literature. Supplementation with probiotics, vitamin D, L-carnitine have also provided additional benefits patients. In select cases, pharmacological interventions needed for optimal therapeutic results. common medications used include metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositols, two classes antidiabetic agents: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) new addition arsenal PCOS. GLP-1 cause release glucose-dependent manner, yielding clinical heightened satiety, reduced appetite, appetite regulation. GLP-1RAs demonstrated efficacy reducing glycated hemoglobin levels promoting loss while ameliorating hyperlipidemia. Prior initiating GLP-1RA therapy, should undergo screening contraindications, history pancreatitis, diabetic retinopathy, thyroid cancer. effects be monitored using laboratory testing body measurements. Effective communication between clinician patient maintained regular check-in period 6 12 months.

Язык: Английский

---

Circulating levels of advanced glycation end products in females with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis

Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(2), С. 93 - 100

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalance that affects females of reproductive age. The association between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and PCOS has attracted considerable attention in recent years, highlighting the potential AGEs as biomarkers for this disorder. In present systematic review meta-analysis, we aimed to examine PCOS, evaluate their biomarkers, improve our understanding pathophysiology its associated metabolic complications. A literature search was performed using various databases from January 2000 March 2023 identify relevant studies investigating PCOS. Pooled effect estimates were calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals ( CI s). Sub-group meta-regression analyses sources heterogeneity. meta-analysis included six total 623 participants. Our results revealed significant increase circulating AGE levels compared healthy (SMD = 2.35; : 1.10–3.60; P <0.001). Significant heterogeneity observed I 2 96.37%; <0.001), indicating presence several factors influencing association. based on body mass index, age, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance indicated differential effects specific sub-groups. This support elevated thereby suggesting role

Язык: Английский

---

Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interplay of Associated Microbial-Metabolite Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies

Reproductive Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(6), С. 1508 - 1520

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Hydroxychloroquine enhances insulin sensitivity and ameliorates abnormal lipid metabolism in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is frequently utilized in rheumatic immune disorders and has been discovered to exert hypoglycemic effects some obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), however, the precise efficacy mechanism of action remain ambiguous. To examine impact HCQ on glucose lipid metabolism as well sex hormone levels PCOS. Fifty PCOS were randomly allocated into two groups: group (n = 25) metformin (MET) 25). The received a daily dose 200 mg hydroxychloroquine, while MET 1000 metformin. Body fat parameters, levels, evaluated. Additionally, incidence pregnancy within six months following treatment was also assessed. Network pharmacology employed analyze potential molecular mechanism. Patients 20) 23) ultimately included for analysis. Following treatment, both groups exhibited significant improvements body distribution status, demonstrating notable advantage over increasing insulin sensitivity index (ISI)(HCQ:1.87 ± 0.21,MET:1.75 0.29). Serum [Serum total cholesterol(TC, mmol/L)(HCQ:4.51 0.87,MET:5.05 0.65), triglyceride(TG, mmol/L)(HCQ:1.36 0.51,MET:1.67 0.72), low-density lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L)(HCQ:2.66 0.98,MET:0.47 1.42),decreased post-treatment, displaying clear advantages compared group. improvement not pronounced either group, although there an overall downward trend. benefits management include distribution, correction hormonal disorders. study officially registered clinical trial April 17, 2022, registration number ChiCTR2200058816. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=160099 .

Язык: Английский

---

Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update

Medicina, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 61(1), С. 83 - 83

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or resistance initiates syndrome. The prevalence of increasing all over the world. Insulin results in defective metabolism carbohydrates lipids, addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. associated with syndrome, which risk factor for number pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding many loci linked these diseases others. In this review, we discuss its contribution diseases. We also genetic them. Genetic testing invaluable identification stratification susceptible populations and/or individuals. After individuals been identified via screening, lifestyle modifications regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, smoking cessation can reduce prevent pathologies.

Язык: Английский

---