Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC oral microbiota, diverse community bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea. Pathogenic in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis Fusobacterium nucleatum , have been closely linked to OSCC. Moreover, certain such as Candida albicans like human papillomavirus, also implicated Despite these findings, precise mechanisms through which microbiota influences development remain unclear necessitate further research. This paper provides comprehensive overview its relationship with discusses potential carcinogenic pathways that may activate or modulate are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal footprints in oral cancer: unveiling the oral mycobiome

Frontiers in Oral Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer, with a high mortality rate. There growing evidence supporting link between oral cancer microbiome. The microbiome can impact various aspects such as pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. While there existing information on bacteria its connection to fungi residing in cavity represent significant component that remains early stages exploration understanding. Fungi comprise minuscule part human called mycobiome. Mycobiome ubiquitous body but weakened immune system offers leeway space for showcase virulence. role mycobiome colonizer, facilitator, or driver carcinogenesis still ambiguous. Reactivating undergoes collateral damage associated treatment be watershed event research. coordinated, virulent, non-virulent behavior once they reach critical density must hacked, considering diagnostic, prognostic therapeutic implications cancer. This review highlights diversity potential

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the hidden players: exploring the role of gut mycobiome in cancer development and treatment dynamics

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

The role of gut fungal species in tumor-related processes remains largely unexplored, with most studies still focusing on infections. This review examines the accumulating evidence suggesting involvement commensal and pathogenic fungi cancer biological process, including oncogenesis, progression, treatment response. Mechanisms explored include influence host immunity, secretion bioactive toxins/metabolites, interaction bacterial commensals, migration to other tissues certain types cancers. Attempts utilize molecular signatures for diagnosis fungal-derived products are discussed. A few highlight fungi's impact responsiveness sensitivity chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, fecal microbiota transplant. Given limited understanding techniques research, facing great challenges, despite having potentials.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis on the Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Development of Oral Cancer

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(17), С. 2997 - 2997

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although oral cavity an easily accessible area for visual examination, OSCC more often detected at advanced stage. The global prevalence of around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to increase in morbidity mortality. microbiome has been target numerous studies, findings highlighting role dysbiosis developing OSCC. Dysbiosis can significantly pathobionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) that trigger inflammation through their virulence pathogenicity factors. In contrast, chronic bacterial contributes development Pathobionts also have other effects, such as impact on immune system, which alter responses contribute pro-inflammatory environment. Poor hygiene carbohydrate-rich foods risk factors mechanisms are not yet fully understood remain frequent research topic. For this reason, narrative review concentrates issue potential cause OSCC, well underlying involved.

Язык: Английский

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Elucidating the causal association between gut microbiota and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through Mendelian randomization analysis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive liver cancer with poor prognosis. The gut microbiota has been linked to ICC, but evidence for causality lacking. Elucidating causal microbiota-ICC links could inform prevention and treatment strategies.We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study investigate associations between ICC risk. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated abundances were utilized as instrumental variables (IVs). Multiple methods assessed sensitivity analyses evaluated result robustness. Bioinformatics analysis of genetic loci examined potential mechanisms.Genetically predicted increases in Veillonellaceae, Alistipes, Enterobacteriales, Firmicutes suggestively higher risk, while Anaerostipes, Paraprevotella, Parasutterella, Verrucomicrobia appeared protective. revealed differentially expressed genes near microbiota-associated may influence through regulating pathways tumor immune microenvironment.Our findings provide suggestive specific

Язык: Английский

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Role of Candida albicans in chronic inflammation and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Imidazolidine‐Based Aspartate Inhibitors for Candida Infections

Drug Development Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 86(2)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

ABSTRACT The fungal infection gradually poses a life threat to mankind, candidiasis caused by Candida sp. is one among them. We describe the aspartate protease inhibition potentials of 12 sulfonyl‐containing imidazolidines ( 5a‐l ) anti‐candidal agents. Albicans secretes aspartic proteases (Saps), its most important virulent These hydrolytic enzymes are critical for both physiological processes and host‐fungus interactions. Compounds were examined their apart from anti‐candida activity. findings equipped validated in silico using molecular docking vitro enzyme assays. study found that imidazolidine derivatives inhibited exhibited action. Conclusively, 5g, 5h, 5j perceived as potent compounds presently being evaluated preclinical studies.

Язык: Английский

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Intratumor fungi specific mechanisms to influence cell death pathways and trigger tumor cell apoptosis

Cell Death Discovery, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Abstract Cancer, uncontrolled cell growth due to the loss of cycle regulation, is often found be associated with viral infections and, as recent studies show, bacterial well. Emerging reports also suggest a strong link between fungi and cancer. The crucial virulence trait fungi, switch from yeast (Y) hyphal (H) form, carcinogenesis. physicochemical properties signal transduction pathways involved in form overlap those tumor formation. Inhibiting differentiation causes apoptosis whereas preventing leads cancer multicellular organisms. Literature on fungi-cancer linkage, though limited, increasing rapidly. This review examines cancer-specific fungal communities, impact microbiome progression, similarities cells turning cancerous at biochemical molecular levels, including overlaps Based available evidence, we that molecules inhibiting yeast-hyphal transition can combined targeting for effective treatment. points out fertile research areas where mycologists researchers collaborate unravel common mechanisms. Moreover, antibodies fungal-specific chitin glucan used selective neutralization cells. These new combinations potential therapies are expected facilitate development target-specific, less harmful commercially feasible anticancer therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic targeting of regulatory T cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma: new horizons in immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent oral malignancy, which poses significant health risks with high mortality rate. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by their immunosuppressive capabilities, are intricately linked to OSCC progression and patient outcomes. The metabolic reprogramming of Tregs within the tumor microenvironment (TME) underpins function, key pathways such as tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PI3K-Akt-mTOR nucleotide metabolism significantly contributing suppressive activities. Targeting these offers novel therapeutic approach reduce Treg-mediated immunosuppression enhance anti-tumor responses. This review explores dependencies that sustain Treg function in OSCC, highlighting adaptations glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino signaling pathway enable thrive challenging conditions TME. Additionally, discusses influence microbiome on evaluates potential strategies targeting pathways. Despite promising interventions, challenges selectivity, toxicity, heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms remain. concludes perspectives personalized medicine integrative approaches, emphasizing need for continued research translate findings into effective clinical applications treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Microbiome in Gastric Cancer: Assessing Potential Implications and Contextualizing Microorganisms beyond H. pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(20), С. 4993 - 4993

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2023

While previous research has primarily focused on the impact of H. pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), emerging evidence suggests that other microbial influences, including viral fungal infections, may also contribute to gastric cancer (GC) development. The intricate interactions between these microbes host’s immune response provide a more comprehensive understanding pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment. review highlights roles established players such as EBV potential impacts gut bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, hepatitis B virus, C fungi Candida albicans. Advanced sequencing technologies offer unprecedented insights into complexities microbiome, from diversity diagnostic applications. Furthermore, for advanced GC diagnosis therapies through better microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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