Trichoderma: The Current Status of Its Application in Agriculture for the Biocontrol of Fungal Phytopathogens and Stimulation of Plant Growth

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(4), С. 2329 - 2329

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2022

Rhizosphere filamentous fungi of the genus Trichoderma, a dominant component various soil ecosystem mycobiomes, are characterized by ability to colonize plant roots. Detailed knowledge properties including metabolic activity and type interaction with plants other microorganisms, can ensure its effective use in agriculture. The growing interest application Trichoderma results from their direct indirect biocontrol potential against wide range phytopathogens. They act through complex mechanisms, such as mycoparasitism, degradation pathogen cell walls, competition for nutrients space, induction resistance. With constant exposure variety pathogens, especially fungi, increased resistance pathogens chemical pesticides, main challenge is develop biological protection alternatives. Among non-pathogenic seems be best candidate green technologies due biofertilization biostimulatory potential. Most species belong growth-promoting that produce phytohormones 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enzyme. In present review, current status gathered, which relevant growth stimulation fungal

Язык: Английский

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Cold stress in plants: Strategies to improve cold tolerance in forage species

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4, С. 100081 - 100081

Опубликована: Март 23, 2022

Cold stress (CS) affects the survivability, geographical distribution, and yield stability of crops. Suitable management agronomic practices can minimize crop losses associated with cooler environments. However, alone can't support plants adequately to withstand harsh cold. Therefore, exploring cold stress-responsive factors such as genetic, epigenetic, physiological, cellular is crucial. This report discusses on effect, signal perception, transduction, gene expression, molecular phenomena in plants. Three acclimation response pathways: Ca2+ mediated ICE1- CBF/ DREB1, hormonal, reactive oxygen species (ROS), are elucidated. Also, this summarizes latest research work genetics genomics forage from perspectives tolerance improvement. In several instances, our hypotheses have been supported by a recent output genetic analysis experiment alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) tolerance. We further review importance high-throughput phenomics for improvement recommended implementing widely recognized techniques genomic selection (GS) genome-wide association studies (GWAS) develop climate-resilient cultivars. The transgenics genome-edited cold-tolerant cultivars low or no penalty must be goals future research.

Язык: Английский

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Plant-Endophyte Interaction during Biotic Stress Management

Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(17), С. 2203 - 2203

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2022

Plants interact with diverse microbial communities and share complex relationships each other. The intimate association between microbes their host mutually benefit other provide stability against various biotic abiotic stresses to plants. Endophytes are heterogeneous groups of that live inside the tissue without showing any apparent sign infection. However, functional attributes such as nutrient acquisition, phytohormone modulation, synthesis bioactive compounds, antioxidant enzymes endophytes similar rhizospheric microorganisms. Nevertheless, higher colonization efficacy stress make them superior In recent studies, potential role in bioprospecting has been broadly reported. molecular aspect host-endophyte interactions is still unclear. this study, we have briefly discussed endophyte biology, diversity pattern endophytes. addition, it also summarizes plant-endophyte interaction management.

Язык: Английский

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Biocontrol Screening of Endophytes: Applications and Limitations

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(13), С. 2480 - 2480

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

The considerable loss of crop productivity each year due to plant disease or pathogen invasion during pre- post-harvest storage conditions is one the most severe challenges achieving goals food security for rising global population. Although chemical pesticides severally affect quality and health consumers, a large population relies on them management. But currently, endophytes have been considered suitable biocontrol agents better colonization acclimatization potential. However, very limited number used commercially as agents. Isolation their screening represent potential characteristics are challenging by different procedures. Through web search using keywords “endophytes agents” “biocontrol mechanism endophytes,” we succinctly summarised isolation strategies in vitro vivo methods endophytic present review. In this paper, mechanisms application management also discussed. Furthermore, registration regulatory covered.

Язык: Английский

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Fungal Endophytes as Mitigators against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants

Journal of Fungi, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(2), С. 116 - 116

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

The escalating global food demand driven by a gradually expanding human population necessitates strategies to improve agricultural productivity favorably and mitigate crop yield loss caused various stressors (biotic abiotic). Biotic stresses are phytopathogens, pests, nematodes, along with abiotic like salt, heat, drought, heavy metals, which pose serious risks security productivity. Presently, the traditional methods relying on synthetic chemicals have led ecological damage through unintended impacts non-target organisms emergence of microbes that resistant them. Therefore, addressing these challenges is essential for economic, environmental, public health concerns. present review supports sustainable alternatives, emphasizing possible application fungal endophytes as innovative eco-friendly tools in plant stress management. Fungal demonstrate capabilities managing plants against biotic via direct or indirect enhancement plants’ innate immunity. Moreover, they contribute elevated photosynthesis rates, stimulate growth, facilitate nutrient mineralization, produce bioactive compounds, hormones, enzymes, ultimately improving overall resistance. In conclusion, harnessing potentiality represents promising approach toward sustainability practices, offering effective alternative solutions reduce reliance chemical treatments address posed stresses. This ensures long-term promotes environmental economic viability agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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The application of Trichoderma spp., an old but new useful fungus, in sustainable soil health intensification: A comprehensive strategy for addressing challenges

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. 100455 - 100455

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Trichoderma spp. represents a group of advantageous soil-borne microorganisms known for their capacity to enhance soil quality, facilitate plant growth, and serve as biocontrol agents against various diseases. Employing direct antagonism competition, particularly within the rhizosphere, orchestrates microbial interactions, shaping microbiome. This review comprehensively explores potential applications role in fostering sustainable agriculture. The initial focus is on how contribute growth development, especially under biotic abiotic stress conditions, provide protection pathogens. article delves into diverse species agriculture, encompassing use agents, biofertilizers, seed treatments, collectively contributing sustainability agricultural practices. A thorough examination advantages challenges associated with utilization agriculture presented, including its impact fungal bacterial communities soil, crucial safeguarding preserving health. Notably, chemicals, fungicides, pose threat species. Despite these challenges, highlights numerous benefits integrating emphasizing improving enhancing productivity, reducing reliance chemical pesticides. communication capabilities plants, whether through root colonization or acting an endophyte, further solidify agent promoter crop safety, affordability, efficacy, eco-friendly nature position them promising choice expansion.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Climate change poses a major threat to global food security, significantly reducing crop yields as cause of abiotic stresses, and for boosting the spread new old pathogens pests. Sustainable management route mitigation challenge recruiting an array solutions tools aims. Among these, deployment positive interactions between micro-biotic components agroecosystems plants can play highly significant role, part agro-ecological revolution. Endophytic microorganisms have emerged promising solution tackle this challenge. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) endophytic bacteria fungi demonstrated their potential alleviate stresses such drought heat stress, well impacts biotic stresses. They enhance in sustainable way also by other mechanisms, improving nutrient uptake, or direct effects on plant physiology. In review we summarize update main types endophytes, highlight several studies that demonstrate efficacy explore possible avenues implementing crop-microbiota interactions. The mechanisms underlying these are complex require comprehensive understanding. For reason, omic technologies genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics been employed unravel, higher level information, network microorganisms. Therefore, discuss various approaches techniques used so far study plant-endophyte

Язык: Английский

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Secondary Metabolites Produced by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophytes

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(10), С. 2008 - 2008

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2022

There is an increasing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms as alternatives to chemically synthesized or plant-derived molecules produce therapeutic agents. Bacterial endophytes are plant-associated that can colonize different parts living plants without causing any diseases. Diverse endophytic bacteria possess ability synthesize a wide range secondary metabolites with unique chemical structures have been exploited for their anti-microbial, antiviral, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, production these bioactive compounds also benefit host plant they may play significant role plant's interaction environment adaptation defense. As result impact curative precursors new drugs, biotechnological possibilities derived from immense.

Язык: Английский

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Research Progress in the Field of Microbial Mitigation of Drought Stress in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Plants defend themselves against ecological stresses including drought. Therefore, they adopt various strategies to cope with stress, such as seepage and drought tolerance mechanisms, which allow plant development under conditions. There is evidence that microbes play a role in tolerance. In this study, we presented review of the literature describing initiation mediated by inoculation fungi, bacteria, viruses, several bacterial elements, well transduction pathways identified via archetypal functional or morphological annotations contemporary “omics” technologies. Overall, microbial associations potential mediating protection responses drought, an important factor for agricultural manufacturing systems are affected fluctuating climate.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Endophytes in Abiotic Stress Tolerance: With Special Emphasis on Serendipita indica

International Journal of Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(4)

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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