Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine

Annual Review of Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 38(1), С. 23 - 48

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2020

The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity shapes mucosal immune system, balancing defense oral tolerance with microbial metabolites, components, attachment cells. To avoid aberrant responses, cells segregate from constructing chemical physical barriers, leading establishment of host-commensal mutualism. Furthermore, participate in maintenance a healthy community reinforce functions. Perturbations composition are commonly observed patients autoimmune diseases chronic inflammatory disorders. An understanding intimate interactions between cells, crucial for homeostasis might promote advances diagnostic therapeutic approaches various diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Язык: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, displaying not only well-known motor deficits but also gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Consistently, it has been increasingly evident that gut microbiota affects the communication between and brain in PD pathogenesis, known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. As an approach to re-establishing normal community, fecal transplantation (FMT) exerted beneficial effects on recent studies. Here, this study, we established chronic rotenone-induced mouse model evaluate protective of FMT treatment explore underlying mechanisms, which proves involvement dysbiosis pathogenesis via axis.We demonstrated induced by rotenone administration caused function impairment poor behavioral performances mice. Moreover, 16S RNA sequencing identified increase bacterial genera Akkermansia Desulfovibrio samples By contrast, remarkably restored microbial thus ameliorating dysfunctions Further experiments revealed alleviated intestinal inflammation barrier destruction, reducing levels systemic inflammation. Subsequently, attenuated blood-brain (BBB) suppressed neuroinflammation substantia nigra (SN), further decreased damage dopaminergic neurons. Additional mechanistic investigation discovered reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) colon, serum, SN, thereafter suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway its downstream pro-inflammatory products both SN colon.Our current study demonstrates can correct ameliorate model, suppression mediated LPS-TLR4 possibly plays significant role. Further, prove involved genesis Video abstract.

Язык: Английский

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The Association between Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Long-Term Health and Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(3), С. 459 - 459

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2021

Early life gut microbiota have been increasingly recognized as major contributors to short and/or long-term human health and diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated that microbial colonization begins at birth, but continues develop a succession of taxonomic abundances for two three years until the reaches adult-like diversity proportions. Several factors, including gestational age (GA), delivery mode, birth weight, feeding types, antibiotic exposure, maternal microbiome, diet, influence diversity, abundance, function early microbiota. Gut is essential assisting with digestion food substances release nutrients, exerting control over pathogens, stimulating or modulating immune system, influencing many systems such liver, brain, endocrine system. Microbial metabolites play multiple roles in these interactions. Furthermore, provide evidence supporting imbalances life, referred dysbiosis, are associated specific childhood adult disease outcomes, asthma, atopic dermatitis, diabetes, allergic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurological disorders. These findings support may fundamental role risk acquiring be programmed during life. In fact, it critical explore

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing dysbiosis of gut microbiome in PD: evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens

npj Parkinson s Disease, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2020

Abstract In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal features are common and often precede the motor signs. Braak colleagues proposed that PD may start in gut, triggered by a pathogen, spread to brain. Numerous studies have examined gut microbiome PD; all found it be altered, but inconsistent results on associated microorganisms. Studies date been small ( N = 20 306) difficult compare or combine due varied methodology. We conducted microbiome-wide association study (MWAS) with two large datasets for internal replication 333 507). used uniform methodology when possible, interrogated confounders, applied statistical tests concordance, followed correlation network analysis infer interactions. Fifteen genera were at significance level, both datasets, methods, without covariate adjustment. The associations not independent, rather they represented three clusters of co-occurring Cluster 1 was composed opportunistic pathogens elevated PD. 2 short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria reduced 3 carbohydrate-metabolizing probiotics Depletion anti-inflammatory SCFA-producing levels confirmatory. Overabundance is an original finding their identity provides lead experimentally test role

Язык: Английский

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The role of gut dysbiosis in Parkinson’s disease: mechanistic insights and therapeutic options

Brain, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 144(9), С. 2571 - 2593

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2021

Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which gastrointestinal symptoms may appear prior to motor symptoms. The gut microbiota of patients with shows unique changes, be used as early biomarkers disease. Alterations the composition related cause or effect non-motor symptoms, but specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. and its metabolites have been suggested involved pathogenesis by regulating neuroinflammation, barrier function neurotransmitter activity. There bidirectional communication between enteric nervous system CNS, microbiota-gut-brain axis provide pathway for transmission α-synuclein. We highlight recent discoveries about alterations focus on current mechanistic insights into pathophysiology. Moreover, we discuss interactions production α-synuclein inflammation neuroinflammation. In addition, draw attention diet modification, use probiotics prebiotics faecal transplantation potential therapeutic approaches that lead new treatment paradigm

Язык: Английский

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Probiotic Clostridium butyricum ameliorated motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease via gut microbiota-GLP-1 pathway

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 91, С. 703 - 715

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(3), С. 668 - 668

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Язык: Английский

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Increasing Comparability and Utility of Gut Microbiome Studies in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Journal of Parkinson s Disease, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(s2), С. S297 - S312

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2019

Gut microbiota have been studied in relation to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) due early gastrointestinal symptomatology and presence alpha-synuclein pathology enteric nervous system, hypothesized ascend via vagal nerve central system.Accordingly, sixteen human case-control studies published gut microbiome composition changes PD reported over 100 differentially abundant taxa covering all taxonomic levels from phylum genus or species, depending on methodology.While certain findings were replicated across several studies, various contradictory reported.Here, differences methodologies possible confounders study populations are assessed for their potential confound results PD.Gut exhibited considerable variability with respect population, sample transport conditions, laboratory protocols sequencing, bioinformatics pipelines, biostatistical methods.To move current heterogeneous dataset towards clinically relevant biomarkers identification putative therapeutic targets, recommendations derived limitations available increase future comparability PD.In addition, integration currently data is proposed identify robust profiles PD.Furthermore, expansion atypical parkinsonism cohorts, prodromal treatmentnaïve de novo subjects, measurements fecal microbial concentrations multi-omics assessments required provide reveal targets within PD.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Dopaminergic Signaling

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 436 - 436

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2022

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays critical role both peripherally and centrally in vital functions such as cognition, reward, satiety, voluntary motor movements, pleasure, motivation. Optimal dopamine bioavailability essential for normal brain functioning protection against the development of neurological diseases. Emerging evidence shows gut microbiota have significant roles maintaining adequate concentrations via intricate, bidirectional communication known microbiota-gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve, immune system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, microbial metabolites serve important mediators reciprocal signaling. Furthermore, contain intrinsic enzymatic activity highly involved metabolism, facilitating synthesis well its metabolite breakdown. This review examines relationship between key genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium,Enterococcus, Ruminococcus their effects on dopamine. dysbiosis subsequent impact dopamine-related pathological conditions Parkinson's disease are also discussed. Understanding modulating periphery central nervous system can help identify new therapeutic targets optimize available methods to prevent, delay, or restore dopaminergic deficits neurologic metabolic disorders.

Язык: Английский

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