Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 8

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory fibrotic progression, quite strictly linked lipotoxic injury from acids and/or wide variety their biologically active metabolites in context either two-hit or (more recent) parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system usually able protect hepatic cells damaging effects ROS, including those produced into gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated usual cellular metabolic processes, normal dysbiotic microbiota, diet through enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative originating imbalance ROS generation defenses under influence individual genetic epigenetic factors as well. Healthy physical activity have been shown be effective also with mechanisms, but compliance these lifestyles very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has particularly studied; however, data are contradictory. Some studies natural polyphenols proposed for prevention treatment encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, fecal microbiota transplantation represent new approaches targeting gut dysbiosis. In near future, precision medicine taking consideration environmental risk will likely assist further selecting that could work best specific patient.

Язык: Английский

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The role of nutrition in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiology and management

Liver International, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 40(S1), С. 102 - 108

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

A healthy diet together with physical activity could induce weight loss and control the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, composition has not been clearly established. Macronutrients such as saturated acids (SFA), trans-fats, simple sugars animal proteins have a harmful effect on liver. On other hand, monounsaturated fats (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs) omega-3-fats, plant-based dietary fibres are considered to be beneficial The impact specific micronutrients is less well-known. Nutrients part food we eat. Food makes up our meals, which compose patterns. Non-alcoholic patients usually follow Western diets rich in soda, frozen junk food, juice, red meat, lard, processed meats, whole fat dairy foods, snack take-away cakes biscuits poor cereals, grains, fruit, vegetables, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) fish. Mediterranean (MD) for NAFLD even when it iso-caloric or there no changes body weight. new approach, called 'nutritional geometry' considers importance integrating nutrition, animals environment. goal this approach combine nutrients foods model understand how components interact regulate properties affecting health disease. use algorithms developed by artificial intelligence (AI) create personalized can provide customized nutritional counselling prevent treat NAFLD.

Язык: Английский

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New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Gut-Derived Lipopolysaccharides and Oxidative Stress

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(9), С. 2762 - 2762

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic worldwide. The intricate NAFLD pathogenesis summarized by multiple-hits hypothesis, which combines all environmental and genetic factors that promote development of into a single scenario. Among these, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are derived from overgrowth Gram-negative bacteria translocated mainly as consequence enhanced intestinal permeability. Furthermore, oxidative stress increased in reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction shortage endogenous antioxidant molecules, it promoted interaction between LPS Toll-like receptor 4 system. Interestingly, stress, has previously been described being overexpressed cardiovascular disease, could represent link risk subjects. To date, only effective strategy for treatment non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) loss at least 5% body weight overweight and/or obese However, dose-dependent effects multispecies probiotic supplementation on serum level cardiometabolic profile postmenopausal women were demonstrated. In addition, many antibiotics have regulatory microbiota able to reduce aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine (ALT), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) NASH animal models. Regarding oxidant status, Mediterranean diet reported while vitamin E high daily dosages induced resolution 36% treated patients. Silymarin had positive effect reducing transaminase levels patients long-term may also decrease fibrosis slow progression NASH. Finally, influence nutraceuticals gut not yet well elucidated there insufficient data either support or refuse their use these

Язык: Английский

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The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(20), С. 11128 - 11128

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2021

One of the most common chronic liver disorders, affecting mainly people in Western countries, is nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, its pathophysiological mechanism not fully understood, and no dedicated treatment available. Simple steatosis can lead to steatohepatitis even fibrosis, cancer, cirrhosis liver. NAFLD very often occurs parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus obese people. Furthermore, it much more likely develop patients metabolic syndrome (MS), whose criteria include abdominal obesity, elevated blood triacylglycerol level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased pressure, high fasting glucose. An important phenomenon MS also insulin resistance (IR), which NAFLD. Liver IR development are linked through an interaction between accumulation free acids, hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress. The particularly exposed levels reactive oxygen species due a large number mitochondria hepatocytes. In these organelles, main DNA repair pathway base excision (BER). present article will illustrate how impairment BER may be related

Язык: Английский

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Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Probiotics: A Focus on Human Health

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(5), С. 1065 - 1065

Опубликована: Май 21, 2022

Functional foods are classified as traditional or staple that provide an essential nutritional level and share potentially positive effects on host health, including the reduction of disease by optimizing immune system's ability to prevent control infections pathogens, well pathologies cause functional alterations in host. This chapter reviews most recent research advances this area discusses some perspectives what future holds area.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) as modulatory and anti-inflammatory agents in noncommunicable diet-related diseases – Reports from the last 10 years

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 63, С. 240 - 258

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Fatty acids are a fundamental component of the human diet, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA). The importance omega-3 has been studied in context many diseases due to their pleiotropic effects, focusing on anti-inflammatory effects EPA DHA. Currently, results these noncommunicable being increasingly assessed broader than just inflammation. However, mechanisms underlying modulatory remain subject intensive research. Therefore, we reviewed literature covering articles from last decade assess not only but, above all, effect DHA diet-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between gut microbiotas and fatty acid metabolism in colorectal cancer

Cell Death Discovery, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy globally and second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Its development a multifactorial multistage process influenced by dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, environmental factors, fatty acid metabolism. Dysbiosis intestinal microbiota abnormalities in microbiota-associated metabolites have been implicated colorectal carcinogenesis, highlighting pivotal role microbial metabolic interactions. Fatty metabolism serves as critical nexus linking dietary patterns with activity, significantly impacting health. In CRC patients, reduced levels short-chain acids (SCFAs) SCFA-producing bacteria consistently observed. Supplementation probiotics has demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects, while therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating SCFA shown potential enhancing efficacy radiation therapy immunotherapy both preclinical clinical settings. This review explores intricate relationship metabolism, CRC, offering insights into underlying mechanisms their translational applications. Understanding this could pave way for novel diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive management CRC.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(12), С. 1702 - 1702

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities that comprise, among others, obesity insulin-resistance. NAFLD involves a large spectrum clinical conditions. These range from steatosis, benign disorder characterized by accumulation fat in hepatocytes, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which inflammation, hepatocyte damage, fibrosis. NASH can further progress cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology both genetic environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle. Of note, eating clearly associated with development progression NASH. Both macronutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins) micronutrients (vitamins, phytoingredients, antioxidants) affect pathogenesis. Furthermore, some evidence indicates disruption homeostasis food contaminants, are risk factor candidates NAFLD. At molecular level, several models have been proposed for pathogenesis Most importantly, oxidative stress mitochondrial damage reported be causative initiation progression. aim this review provide overview contribution nutrients especially pesticides, how they may influence

Язык: Английский

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A comparative study on the effect of fish meal substitution with three different insect meals on growth, body composition and metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

Aquaculture, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 528, С. 735511 - 735511

Опубликована: Май 23, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2020

There is extensive evidence supporting the interplay between metabolism and immune response, that have evolved in close relationship, sharing regulatory molecules signaling systems, to support biological functions. Nowadays, disruption of this interaction context obesity overnutrition underlies increasing incidence many inflammatory-based metabolic diseases, even a sex-specific fashion. During evolution, reproduction has reached degree complexity particularly high female mammals, likely ensure only under favorable conditions. Several factors may account for differences progression diseases females males, thus contributing age-related disease development difference life expectancy two sexes. Among these factors, estrogens, acting mainly through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), been reported regulate several pathways inflammatory processes liver, organ showing highest sexual dimorphism. This review aims investigate on inflammation focusing relevance estrogen counteracting non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), canonical example prevalence. Understanding role estrogens/ERs regulation hepatic provide basis therapeutic strategies management such an its cardio-metabolic consequences.

Язык: Английский

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