SGLT2 Inhibition via Empagliflozin Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Insights From Frail Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

Hypertension, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79(8), С. 1633 - 1643

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2022

Frailty is a multidimensional condition often diagnosed in older adults with hypertension and diabetes, both these conditions are associated endothelial dysfunction oxidative stress. We investigated the functional role of SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitor empagliflozin frail diabetic hypertensive adults.

Язык: Английский

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The Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер Volume 16, С. 1541 - 1554

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Abstract: Diabetes and sarcopenia are emerging as serious public health issues. Sarcopenia, an age-related disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass function, is recognized a new complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, accumulation advanced glycation products increased oxidative stress, which can negatively affect mass, strength function leading to sarcopenia. There mutual interrelationship between T2DM light pathophysiology mechanism long-term outcome. will accelerate the decline turn lead glucose metabolism disorders, reduced physical activity risk diabetes. However, specific involved has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this review aims explore therapeutic strategy related provide insight for future investigations, great significance improving quality life concurrently reducing incidence complications. Keywords: mellitus, sarcopenia, gut microbiota,

Язык: Английский

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Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments

Cell Metabolism, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(6), С. 1204 - 1236

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Diabetes represents a major public health concern with considerable impact on human life and healthcare expenditures. It is now well established that diabetes characterized by severe skeletal muscle pathology limits functional capacity quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates also one the most prevalent disorders impaired regeneration, yet underlying mechanisms therapeutic treatments remain poorly established. In this review, we describe cellular molecular alterations currently known to occur during regeneration in people animal models diabetes, including its associated comorbidities, e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance. We role myogenic non-myogenic cell types conditions or without diabetes. Therapies for gaps our knowledge are discussed, while proposing future directions field.

Язык: Английский

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The Vicious Cycle of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Clinical, Biochemical, and Nutritional Bases

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1), С. 172 - 172

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

Today, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and skeletal muscle atrophy (SMA) have become increasingly common occurrences. Whether the onset of T2DM increases risk SMA or vice versa has long been under investigation. Both conditions are associated with negative changes in health, which can, turn, lead to impaired physical function, a lowered quality life, an increased mortality. Poor nutrition can exacerbate both SMA. linked by vicious cycle events that reinforce worsen each other. Muscle insulin resistance appears be pathophysiological link between To explore this association, our review (i) compiles evidence on clinical association SMA, (ii) reviews mechanisms underlying biochemical muscles people at (iii) examines how nutritional therapy activity as muscle-targeted treatments benefit population. Based evidence, we conclude effective treatment patients T2DM-SMA depends restoration maintenance mass. We thus propose regular intake key functional nutrients, along guidance for activity, help maintain euglycemia improve status all

Язык: Английский

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Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Elderly Patients with Frailty and/or Sarcopenia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(14), С. 8677 - 8677

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2022

The life expectancy of the population is increasing worldwide due to improvements in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment diseases. This favors a higher prevalence type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) elderly. Sarcopenia frailty are also frequently present aging. These three entities share common mechanisms such as insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction. coexistence these situations worsens prognosis elderly patients. In this paper, we review main measures for prevention management sarcopenia and/or patients with T2DM.

Язык: Английский

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Hyperglycemia and Physical Impairment in Frail Hypertensive Older Adults

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2022

Frailty is a multidimensional condition typical of elders. Frail older adults have high risk functional decline, hospitalization, and mortality. Hypertension one the most common comorbidities in Hyperglycemia (HG) frequently observed frail adults, represents an independent predictor worst outcomes, with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed at investigating impact HG on physical impairment frailty.We studied consecutive frailty hypertension ASL (local health unit Italian Ministry Health) Avellino, Italy, from March 2021 to September 2021. Exclusion criteria were: age <65 years, no frailty, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction <25%, previous myocardial infarction, primary percutaneous coronary intervention and/or artery bypass grafting. Blood glucose, Hb1Ac, creatinine were measured all patients. Physical was assessed applying Fried Criteria; we performed 5-meter gait speed (5mGS) test patients.149 hypertensive enrolled study, which 82 had normoglycemia (NG), 67 HG. significantly slower 5mGS group compared NG (0.52 ± 0.1 vs. 0.69 0.06; p<0.001). Moreover, found strong significant correlation between glycemia (r: 0.833; A multivariable linear regression analysis using as dependent variable revealed association (p<0.001) after adjusting for likely confounders.HG drives independently DM.

Язык: Английский

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Insulin resistance drives cognitive impairment in hypertensive pre-diabetic frail elders: the CENTENNIAL study

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(12), С. 1283 - 1288

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Abstract Aims Pre-diabetes is a condition that confers an increased cardiovascular risk. Frailty very common in hypertensive patients, and insulin resistance has been linked to frailty older adults with diabetes. On these grounds, our aim was evaluate the association between cognitive impairment pre-diabetic frail adults. Methods results We studied consecutive elders presenting at Avellino local health authority of Italian Ministry Health (ASL AV) from March 2021 2022. All them fulfilled following inclusion criteria: previous diagnosis hypertension no clinical or laboratory evidence secondary causes, confirmed pre-diabetes, age &gt;65 years, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score &lt;26, frailty. enrolled 178 which 141 successfully completed study. observed strong inverse correlation (r = −0.807; P &lt; 0.001) MoCA Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The were by linear regression analysis using as dependent variable, after adjusting several potential confounders. Conclusion Taken together, data highlight first time global function pre-diabetes.

Язык: Английский

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The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(14), С. 3224 - 3224

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rich nutrients contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty susceptibility to fracture, morbidity mortality. Therefore, it necessary combat them the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven be beneficial mineral density (BMD), mass, physical function, OP sarcopenia. Hence, proposed as therapeutic tool could slow onset of osteoporosis However, there doubt about interaction between MedDiet, strength fracture risk. Perhaps amount EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables fish anti-inflammatory antioxidant ingested an influence, though results remain controversial.

Язык: Английский

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Physical Activity and Oxidative Stress in Aging

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 557 - 557

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Biological aging, characterized by changes in metabolism and physicochemical properties of cells, has an impact on public health. Environment lifestyle, including factors like diet physical activity, seem to play a key role healthy aging. Several studies have shown that regular activity can enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms, the enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase. However, intense or prolonged exercise also lead increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production temporarily, resulting oxidative stress. This phenomenon is referred “exercise-induced stress”. The relationship between stress aging complex depends various type, intensity, duration, frequency exercise, well individual differences capacity adaptation exercise. In this review, we analyzed what reported several authors regarding process hormesis tools for prevention treatment sarcopenia, aging-related disease. Finally, recently been studied relation effect sport women.

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiology and Advances in the Therapy of Cardiomyopathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(9), С. 5027 - 5027

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as the first non-communicable global epidemic. It estimated that 537 million people have DM, but condition has been properly diagnosed in less than half of these patients. Despite numerous preventive measures, number DM cases steadily increasing. The state chronic hyperglycaemia body leads to complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). A pathophysiological mechanisms are behind development and progression cardiomyopathy, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, synthesis advanced glycation products overexpression biosynthetic pathway certain compounds, such hexosamine. There extensive research on treatment DCM, there a therapies can stop this complication. Among compounds used treat DCM antiglycaemic drugs, hypoglycaemic drugs myocardial failure. An important element combating should be kept mind healthy lifestyle—a well-balanced diet physical activity. also group compounds—including coenzyme Q10, antioxidants modulators signalling pathways inflammatory processes, among others—that being researched continuously, their introduction into routine likely result greater control more effective future. This paper summarises latest recommendations for lifestyle pharmacological patients with DM.

Язык: Английский

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