Bridging the gap: associations between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders

Middle East Current Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Background Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis and can influence neurodevelopment mental health outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on associations between gut alterations various psychiatric illnesses. Main body The composition of microbiome evolves from birth through old age, disruptions during critical periods may increase disease risk. Factors like diet, medications, stress, infections disturb microenvironment lead to dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been linked conditions depression, anxiety, autism, ADHD, schizophrenia. Proposed mechanisms involve microbial regulation neurotransmitters, inflammation, oxidative blood-brain barrier permeability, immune system. Therapeutic strategies probiotics, prebiotics, faecal transplantation modulate ecosystem. However, more research is needed elucidate causal microbiota-psychiatry relationship. Understanding interactions uncover new possibilities for preventing managing disorders. Conclusion A growing points close relationship health. While field still emerging, dysbiosis ecosystem associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. underlying likely microbiota-gut-brain signalling pathways. Additional larger samples required establish links specific changes

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(10), С. 1234 - 1234

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions years longer than humans. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between central nervous system (CNS), enteric (ENS), and emotional cognitive centres brain. field research on gut-brain has grown significantly during past two decades. Signalling occurs gut microbiota brain through neural, endocrine, immune, humoral pathways. A substantial body evidence indicates that MGBA plays pivotal role in various neurological diseases. include Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), non-Alzheimer's neurodegeneration dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson-Konovalov (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington's chorea (HC), Parkinson's (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral (ALS), temporal epilepsy (TLE), depression, schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, correlation therapeutics will be discussed. Conversely, mood delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, neurologic drugs can influence MGBA. By understanding MGBA, it may possible to facilitate into microbial-based interventions therapeutic strategies

Язык: Английский

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Sleep and circadian disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota signature in treatment-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021

Compelling evidence supports alterations in gut microbial diversity, bacterial composition, and/or relative abundance of several taxa attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, findings for ADHD are inconsistent among studies, and specific microbiome signatures the remain unknown. Given that previous studies have mainly focused on pediatric form involved small sample sizes, we conducted largest study to date compare gastrointestinal composition 100 medication-naïve adults with sex-matched healthy controls. We found subjects differences taxa. At family level, our data support a lower Gracilibacteraceae higher levels Selenomonadaceae Veillonellaceae ADHD. In addition, group showed Dialister Megamonas Anaerotaenia Gracilibacter at genus level. All four selected genera explained 15% variance ADHD, this signature achieved an overall sensitivity 74% specificity 71% distinguishing between patients also tested whether correlate age, body mass index (BMI), or scores rating scale but no correlation any traits. These results line recent supporting neurodevelopment disorders, further needed elucidate role microbiota across lifespan its contribution persistence from childhood adulthood.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum on Clinical Characteristics and Gut Microbiota in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 227 - 227

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2022

This study aimed to examine whether probiotics supplements using Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) can improve clinical characteristics and gut microbiomes among patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). open-label, single-arm trial consisted of 30 children aged 4-16 years who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis. Each subject took Bf-688, one sachet in morning evening (daily bacteria count 5 × 109 CFUs), 8 weeks. Patients' symptoms were assessed Swanson, Nolan, Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). We collected stool samples at baseline, 8th week, 12th week microbiota examination. During 8-week Bf-688 supplement period, patients' inattention hyperactivity/impulsive improved, their weights BMIs increased. For microbiota, Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) decreased significantly. LEfSe analysis revealed that significantly while Proteobacteria increased during treatment period. After was discontinued 4 weeks (12 from baseline), Bacteroidota Shigella The probiotic associated an improvement weight gain children. Furthermore, composition altered by supplement. A future randomized control is warranted verify these findings.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota and plasma cytokine levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2022

Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood mental with undetermined pathophysiological mechanisms. The gut microbiota and immunological dysfunction may influence brain functions social behaviours. In the current study, we aimed to explore correlation of microbiome imbalance inflammation in pathophysiology ADHD. Forty-one children ADHD thirty-nine healthy-control (HC) individuals were recruited. Faecal samples from all participants collected submitted for 16 S rRNA V3–V4 amplicon sequencing analysis. plasma levels 10 cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, MCP-1, determined using custom-made sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed by Luminex Flowmetrix. There was no significant difference between HC groups species diversity faeces, as α-diversity β-diversity group, three differentially abundant taxonomic clades at genus level observed, namely Agathobacter , Anaerostipes Lachnospiraceae . Top bacteria representative biological pathways identified linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), phylogenetic investigation communities reconstruction unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis, respectively. TNF-α significantly lower than HCs. Within negatively correlated symptoms microbiome. Our study provides new insights into association dysbiosis immune dysregulation, which contribute

Язык: Английский

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Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(20), С. 4332 - 4332

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2022

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, affecting ~7% children and adolescents. Given its adverse health outcomes high healthcare societal costs, other treatment options beyond pharmacotherapy have been explored. Case-control studies shown that dietary patterns may influence risk ADHD, specific interventions proposed as coadjuvant treatments this disorder. These include nutritional supplements, gut microbiome-targeted with biotics, elimination diets. The purpose review to examine which are associated ADHD summarize existing evidence for clinical use interventions. literature showed non-healthy were positively whereas healthy negatively associated. As only vitamin D + magnesium appeared improve symptoms when baseline levels insufficient/deficient. Regarding was found Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG multi-species probiotic supplementation. Elimination diets scarce lead deficiencies, so caution advised. Overall, more robust scientific required these be implemented part therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of a Synbiotic on Plasma Immune Activity Markers and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Children and Adults with ADHD—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(5), С. 1293 - 1293

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

Synbiotic 2000, a pre + probiotic, reduced comorbid autistic traits and emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. Immune activity bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbiota–gut–brain axis mediators. The aim was to investigate 2000 effects on plasma levels of immune markers SCFAs children adults with ADHD. ADHD patients (n = 182) completed the 9-week intervention or placebo 156 provided blood samples. Healthy adult controls 57) baseline At baseline, had higher pro-inflammatory sICAM-1 sVCAM-1 lower SCFA than controls. Children sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-2Rα, formic, acetic, propionic acid were more abnormal medication. compared placebo, IL-12/IL-23p40 increased correlated negatively sVCAM-1. Preliminary human aortic smooth-muscle-cell experiments indicated that protected against IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 expression. These findings suggest treatment reduces IL12/IL-23p40 increases Propionic acid, together formic acetic may contribute lowering higher-than-normal levels.

Язык: Английский

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Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 92 - 92

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Although ADHD is one of the most prevalent diseases during childhood, we still do not know its precise origin; oxidative/nitrosative stress and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are suggested contributors. Methylphenidate, among others, main drug used in patients, but effects on relevant markers structures remain unclear. This study, involving 59 patients diagnosed with according to DSM-5 criteria, aimed assess changes cortisol levels (using awakening response, CAR) status treatment. Blood samples before 3 months after treatment methylphenidate were measure oxidative inflammatory markers, as well endogenous antioxidant activity, while saliva tracked response (CAR). The results showed a treatment-related improvement redox profile, reduction advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels, increase enzymatic activities glutathione reductase (GRd) catalase (CAT). Moreover, area under curve (AUC) CAR increased significantly, indicating reactivity HPA axis. These support, for first time, involvement system pathophysiology ADHD.

Язык: Английский

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Add-On Bifidobacterium Bifidum Supplement in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 12-Week Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(14), С. 2260 - 2260

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

We conducted a 12-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the potential impact of Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) supplementation on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD who were already receiving stable dose methylphenidate (MPH) treatment enrolled and randomly assigned two groups: one add-on Bf-688 (daily bacterial count 5 × 109 CFUs) (n = 51) other placebo 51). All participants underwent assessments using Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) Auditory Attention (CATA). Additionally, fecal samples collected at beginning (week 0) endpoint 12). Remarkably, group supplementation, but not group, exhibited significant improvements in omission errors CPT as well Hit reaction time both CATA. Gut microbiome analysis revealed increase Firmicutes Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) only group. Furthermore, we identified negative correlations between N-Glycan biosynthesis Our results demonstrate that probiotic supplement can enhance neuropsychological performance children ADHD, possibly by altering composition gut microbiota, ultimately leading reduced biosynthesis.

Язык: Английский

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