Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

BMJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. e077310 - e077310

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abstract Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manual searches reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. credibility evidence, pre-specified were applied, graded convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive II”), III”), weak IV”), or no V”). The quality was assessed using GRADE (Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations) framework, categorised “high,” “moderate,” “low,” “very low” quality. Results search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9 888 373). Overall, direct found foods (71%) parameters spanning mortality, cancer, mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic Based on criteria, (class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 1.63; GRADE=very low) type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk 1.12, 1.11 1.13; moderate), prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds 1.48, 1.59; combined common mental disorder 1.53, 1.43 low). Highly II) indicated that directly associated with all cause 1.21, 1.15 1.27; low), heart (hazard 1.66, 1.51 1.84; 1.40, 1.23 very depressive 1.22, 1.16 1.28; together sleep 1.41, 1.24 1.61; wheezing 1.27 1.55; obesity 1.55, 1.36 1.77; Of remaining 34 21 strength III-IV) V). 22 analyses rated low quality, 19 four moderate Conclusions Greater a outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, disorder, These findings provide rationale develop effectiveness population based public measures target reduce dietary improved human health. They also inform support urgent mechanistic research. registration PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(6), С. 789 - 789

Опубликована: Март 10, 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between gut and brain suggests that condition of microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics are nutritional supplements functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication gut–brain axis essential for maintaining homeostasis, pre-, pro-, potentially affecting various functions such as attention, perception, memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown incorporating into a healthy diet lead improvements in mood. Maintaining support optimal function, crucial disease prevention our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate benefits older individuals probiotic supplementation but not who good adequate levels physical activity. Additionally, it appears there patients mild impairment Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed seem arise younger healthier individuals. However, important acknowledge individual responses vary, use these dietary should be tailored each individual’s unique health circumstances needs.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, nutrition, and mental health

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

The human brain remains one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, yet it is most integral and sometimes overlooked aspects medicine. consists roughly 100 billion neurons, trillion neuronal connections consumes about 20–25% body’s energy. Emerging evidence highlights that insufficient or inadequate nutrition linked to an increased risk health, mental psychological functioning compromise. A core component this relationship includes intricate dynamics brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) system, which a progressively recognized factor in sphere mental/brain health. bidirectional between brain, gut, gut microbiota along BGM system not only affects nutrient absorption utilization, but also exerts substantial influence on cognitive processes, mood regulation, neuroplasticity, other indices Neuroplasticity brain’s capacity adaptation neural regeneration response stimuli. Understanding neuroplasticity considering interventions enhance remarkable ability change through experience constitutes burgeoning area research has potential improving well-being, resilience, overall health optimal lifestyle interventions. nexus both academic clinical perspectives nutritional neuroscience emerges as potent tool patient outcomes, proactively mitigate challenges, improve management treatment existing conditions by championing health-promoting dietary patterns, rectifying deficiencies, seamlessly integrating nutrition-centered strategies into care.

Язык: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Foods and Childhood Obesity: Current evidence and perspectives

Current Nutrition Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Ultra-Processed Food Exposure and Adverse Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Epidemiological Meta-Analyses

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023

Objective: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design: Systematic umbrella review meta-analyses. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Database Reviews, well manually searching reference lists from 2009 June 2023. Inclusion Criteria: reviews meta-analyses cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional study designs that evaluated foods outcomes in humans across lifespan. Results: The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response 32 non-dose-response (n=9,888,373). Overall, direct were found (71%) outcome domains spanning cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, respiratory conditions, cancer, mental health, mortality. Based on a pre-specified criteria, convincing (Class I) supported greater higher risks incident cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR: 1.50; 95%CIs: 1.37 1.63), type two diabetes (dose-response RR: 1.12; 1.11 1.13), depressive (HR: 1.21; 1.16 1.28), prevalent anxiety (OR: 1.48; 1.59) combined common disorder 1.53; 1.43 1.63). Highly suggestive II) indicated was directly associated with all-cause 1.15 1.27), heart HR: 1.66; 1.51 1.84), 1.40; 1.23 1.59), together obesity 1.55; 1.36 1.77), sleep-related 1.41; 1.24 1.60), wheezing 1.27 1.55). Out remaining 34 21 graded or weak strength III-IV) no V). Using GRADE framework, 22 analyses rated "Low" quality, 19 "Very Low” four "Moderate" quality. Conclusions: Higher risk outcomes, especially disorder, These findings provide rationale effectiveness using population-based measures target reduce dietary for improved human health. Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

Язык: Английский

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Diet’s Role in Modifying Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: History and Present Understanding

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 96(4), С. 1353 - 1382

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023

Diet is an important nonpharmacological risk-modifying factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The approaches used here to assess diet's role in the risk of AD include multi-country ecological studies, prospective and cross-sectional observational laboratory studies. Ecological studies have identified fat, meat, obesity from high-energy diets as factors reported that rates peak about 15-20 years after national dietary changes. Observational compared Western pattern with those Dietary Approaches Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MedDi), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. Those including higher consumption saturated total fats, ultraprocessed foods a lower fruits, legumes, nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, vegetables, whole grains. Diet-induced associated significant inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, elevated homocysteine, advanced glycation end products, trimethylamine N-oxide. molecular mechanisms by which bioactive components specific affect are discussed. Given most countries' entrenched food supply systems, upward trends would be hard reverse. However, people willing able, low-animal product diet plenty anti-inflammatory, low-glycemic load may helpful.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(2), С. 120 - 120

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

There is mounting concern over the potential harms associated with ultra-processed foods, including poor mental health and antisocial behavior. Cutting-edge research provides an enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms, microbiome pathways, invites a historical reexamination earlier work that investigated relationship between nutrition criminal Here, in this perspective article, we explore how emergent casts new light greater significance on previous key observations. Despite expanding interest field dubbed ‘nutritional psychiatry’, there has been relatively little attention paid to its relevancy within criminology justice system. Since public practitioners, allied professionals, policymakers play roles throughout systems, holistic both critical. While are many questions be resolved, available evidence suggests might underappreciated factor prevention treatment along spectrum. The intersection biopsychosocial requires transdisciplinary discussions power structures, industry influence, marketing issues widespread food social inequalities. Some these already occurring under banner ‘food crime’. Given vast societal implications, it our contention subject multidisciplinary criminology—referred here as nutritional criminology—deserves increased scrutiny. Through combining findings cutting-edge research, aim increase awareness topic among broad readership journal, hopes generating hypotheses collaborations.

Язык: Английский

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Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics

Foods, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(15), С. 2398 - 2398

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

Vegetarian diets are plant-based including all the edible foods from Plant Kingdom, such as grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Dairy eggs can be added in small amounts lacto-ovo-vegetarian subtype, or not at vegan subtype. The abundance of non-processed plant foods-typical well-planned diets, vegetarian ones-can provide body with numerous protective factors (fiber, phytocompounds), while limiting intake harmful nutrients like saturated fats, heme-iron, cholesterol. beneficial effects on health this balance have been reported for many main chronic diseases, both observational intervention studies. scientific literature indicates that vegetarians a lower risk certain types cancer, overall overweight-obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, vascular diseases. Since trend following diet is increasing among citizens developed countries, knowledge field will benefit further studies confirming consistency these findings clarifying other controversial topics.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant-Rich Functional Foods and Exercise: Unlocking Metabolic Health Through Nrf2 and Related Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 1098 - 1098

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

This article reviews the synergistic effects of antioxidant-enriched functional foods and exercise in improving metabolic health, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms. The review incorporates evidence from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Science, PsycINFO, reference lists relevant up to 20 December 2024, highlighting central role Nrf2 pathway. As a critical regulator oxidative stress adaptation, mediates benefits these interventions. presents an innovative approach understanding regulation inflammation, its potential prevention treatment various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pulmonary diabetes, inflammatory conditions, ageing, infections such as COVID-19. novelty this study is investigate bioactive compounds found (such polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins) exercise-induced activation combined reveals their improve insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism reduce offering promising strategy for management chronic diseases. However, there are significant gaps current research, particularly regarding mechanisms interaction between diet, physical activity, activation, well long-term different populations, those with In addition, interactions other signalling pathways, AMPK, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, collective contributions health explored. Furthermore, novel biomarkers presented assess impact strategies, NAD+/NADH ratio, GSH markers mitochondrial health. findings provide valuable insights into how integration antioxidant-rich diet regular can by activating related pathways represent strategies disorders. Further studies needed fully understand therapeutic interventions diseases stress, disease, cancer.

Язык: Английский

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The risk associated with ultra-processed food intake on depressive symptoms and mental health in older adults: a target trial emulation

BMC Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Abstract Background Longitudinal cohort studies across the lifespan suggest an association between ultra-processed food (UPF) and depression. However, effect of UPF on depression mental health in older adults has not been determined. Therefore, this study investigated depressive symptoms community-dwelling adults. Methods A pragmatic target trial was designed emulated using ASPirin Reducing Events Elderly longitudinal data. Participants were (≥ 70 years) Australia. We specified protocol a two-arm randomised clinical level consumption as intervention. Greater than or equal to 4 servings per day considered intervention, with less control. Dietary assessed mail-based diet screening questionnaire, processing classified based NOVA classification. The outcomes symptoms, defined score ≥ 8 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10-item scale, general health, by component summary Short Form-12. applied inverse probability treatment weighting balance confounders. Marginal structural models employed estimate population-level average intervention generalised estimated equations. Results total 11,192 participants (3415 7777 control) eligible emulation. High at time zero associated increased risk follow-ups (RR: 1.10; CI: 1.04–1.18). finding consistent sensitivity analyses; after excluding antidepressants zero, group 11% compared control 1.11; 95% (1.04–1.20)). Consumption adversely affected quality life ( β : − 0.40; 0.65 0.15). Conclusions higher among

Язык: Английский

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