Advances in Research on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Targets and Therapeutic Agents

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(17), С. 13381 - 13381

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifaceted disease with multiple potential complications, the treatment of which can only delay and prolong terminal stage disease, i.e., type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The World Health Organization predicts that will be seventh leading cause death by 2030. Although many antidiabetic medicines have been successfully developed in recent years, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists SGLT-2 inhibitors, single-target drugs are gradually failing to meet therapeutic requirements owing individual variability, diversity pathogenesis, organismal resistance. Therefore, there remains need investigate pathogenesis T2DM more depth, identify targets, provide improved glycemic control solutions. This review presents an overview mechanisms action development latest agents targeting years. It also discusses emerging target-based therapies new targets emerged within last three aim our theoretical basis for further advancement targeted T2DM.

Язык: Английский

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Ketogenic diet and cardiovascular risk – state of the art review

Current Problems in Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49(3), С. 102402 - 102402

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2024

The ketogenic diet is based on extreme carbohydrate intake reduction and replacing the remaining with fat has become a popular dietary pattern used for weight loss. relationship between cardiovascular risk controversial topic. This publication aimed to present evidence factors mortality. does not fulfill criteria of healthy diet. It presents potential rapid short-term body mass, triglycerides level, Hb1Ac, blood pressure. Its efficacy loss above-mentioned metabolic changes significant in long-term observations. In terms mortality, low-carb more beneficial than very low-carbohydrate (including diet). There still scarce comparing Mediterranean Other safety concerns patients such as adverse events related ketosis, fat-free mass loss, or pharmacological interactions should be also taken into consideration future research.

Язык: Английский

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The global and regional burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Role of the Planetary Diet in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 862 - 862

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Introduction: The planetary health diet, introduced by the EAT-Lancet Commission, aims to address global and sustainability challenges promoting a plant-based diet with reduced consumption of animal-sourced foods. This not only contributes environmental but also offers significant benefits, including prevention management abdominal obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure. These metabolic disorders are components syndrome, cluster risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: narrative review gather most recent findings on impact individual syndrome treatment Methods: available research topic was identified via searches in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Results: Abdominal major factor range chronic diseases, can be effectively mitigated adhering dietary patterns, which have been shown reduce waist circumference improve overall cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, plays crucial role reducing type-2 diabetes improving glycemic control, specific such as whole grains fiber, demonstrating positive effects glucose levels. is additionally associated favorable lipid profiles, lower levels LDL cholesterol total cholesterol, critical atherosclerosis diseases. Conclusions: multiple benefits highlight that may an effective strategy managing preventing However, further needed confirm its long-term efficacy applicability across diverse populations.

Язык: Английский

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Low carbohydrate high fat-diet in real life; a descriptive analysis of cardiovascular risk factors

International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25, С. 200384 - 200384

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

Low Carbohydrate High Fat (LCHF) diets are popular for weight loss or glucose control. The main source of energy in such is fat but the composition nutrients varies This study aims to investigate dietary variations a real-world LCHF population and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors. We recruited 100 volunteers who considered themselves adherent diet. Their last 14 days intake was assessed using diet history interviews. Validation against expenditure made activity monitors. Predictive variables linear regression models were selected stepwise bidirectional assessment Akaike information criterion (AIC). Energy (E%) from carbohydrates low, 8.7 E%, replacement. Dietary cholesterol associated higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density (HDL). sodium blood pressure. Protein lower diastolic pressure also HDL. fibre LDL hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). saturated fatty acids (SFA) not any outcome variables. In this population, could predict aspects profile. Lower predicted less favorable

Язык: Английский

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Ketogenic Diets for Body Weight Loss: A Comparison with Other Diets

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(6), С. 965 - 965

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

With the prevalence of obesity and overweight increasing at an alarming rate, more researchers are focused on identifying effective weight loss strategies. The ketogenic diet (KD), used as a treatment in epilepsy management for over 100 years, is additionally gaining popularity method. Although its efficacy well documented, areas where it may be beneficial to other dietary approaches need carefully examined. objective this paper identify potential benefits KD alternative strategies based comprehensive literature review. It has been shown that bioenergetically efficient than strategies, inter alia owing effect curtailing hunger, improving satiety decreasing appetite (influence hunger hormones sensation hunger), inducing faster initial (associated with lower glycogen levels reduced water retention), controlling glycaemia insulinemia (directly attributable low-carbohydrate nature indirectly described). These effects accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity, inflammation (through ketone bodies avoidance pro-inflammatory sugars), pharmacological control (the diet’s mechanisms similar those medication but without side effects), positive impacts psychological factors food addiction. Based authors’ review latest research, reasonable conclude that, due these many additional health benefits, advantageous diet-based This important hypothesis deserves further exploration, which could achieved including outcome measures future clinical trials, especially when comparing different diets equal caloric value.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Aspects to Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Current Cardiology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(3), С. 73 - 81

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence related to role of dietary interventions prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also propose alternative therapeutic strategies other than weight loss in population, namely, improvements cardiorespiratory fitness its determinants.

Язык: Английский

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Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(11), С. 1624 - 1624

Опубликована: Май 26, 2024

In an increasingly aging and overweight population, osteoporosis type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major public health concerns. T2DM patients experience prejudicial effects on their bone health, affecting physical capacity. Exercise in hypoxia (EH) a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) have been suggested for therapeutic benefits T2DM, improving mineral content (BMC) glycemic control. This study investigated the of EH combined with LCD body composition functional physiologic capacity patients. Older (n = 42) were randomly assigned to following groups: (1) control group: + exercise normoxia; (2) EH; (3) intervention EH. Cardiopulmonary tests (BRUCE protocol), (DEXA), (6MWT, handgrip strength) evaluated. Body mass index (kg/m2) fat (%) decreased all groups (p < 0.001). BMC (kg) increased 0.001) was significantly higher VO2peak improved 0.001), but more so 0.019). Functional group 6MWT 0.030). without is strategy which associated cardiorespiratory improvements.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Ketogenic and Mediterranean Diets on Gut Microbiota Profile and Clinical Outcomes in Drug-Naïve Patients with Diabesity: A 12-Month Pilot Study

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 22 - 22

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Background/Objectives: Managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity requires a multidimensional, patient-centered approach including nutritional interventions (NIs) physical activity. Changes in the gut microbiota (GM) have been linked to metabolic alterations typical of T2DM obesity, they are strongly influenced by diet. However, few studies evaluated effects on GM very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) patients with T2DM, especially mid-term long-term. This longitudinal study is aimed at evaluating long-term impact VLCKD Mediterranean (MD) anthropometric, metabolic, lifestyle parameters 11 (diabesity). extends previously published results short-term (three months) these NIs same patients. Methods: At baseline, were randomly assigned either (KETO group) or (MEDI group). After two months, KETO group gradually shifted (VLCKD-MD), according current guidelines. From fourth month until end both groups followed similar MD. Previous showed that had more beneficial than MD several variables for 3 months NI. In this study, analyses extended six (T6) twelve (T12) NI comparing data prospectively against baseline (T0). The analysis was performed through next-generation sequencing. Results: Improvements anthropometric pronounced T6, particularly body mass index (−5.8 vs. −1.7 kg/m2; p = 0.006) waist circumference (−15.9 −5.2 cm; 0.011). significant improvement HbA1c (6.7% 5.5% 0.02) triglyceride (158 95 mg/dL 0.04) values compared T0 observed only group, which maintained achieved T3. VLCKD-MD phenotype. A substantial positive modulatory effect up sixth due progressive increase bacterial markers human health. month, most health decreased, though still increased baseline. Among them, Verrucomicrobiota phylum identified as main biomarker together its members Verrucomicrobiae, Akkermansiaceae, Verrucomicrobiales, Akkermansia T6 Conclusions: Both dietary approaches ameliorated status, but VLCKD, support MD, has shown greater improvements parameters, well profile,

Язык: Английский

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Estilos de alimentación desadaptativos y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en Chile

Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 63 - 76

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

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