Choosing a cellular model to study SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022

As new pathogens emerge, challenges must be faced. This is no different in infectious disease research, where identifying the best tools available laboratories to conduct an investigation can, at least initially, particularly complicated. However, context of emerging virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, which was recently detected China and has become a global threat healthcare systems, developing models infection pathogenesis urgently required. Cell-based approaches are crucial understanding coronavirus biology, growth kinetics, tropism. Usually, laboratory cell lines first line experimental study viral pathogenicity perform assays aimed screening antiviral compounds efficient blocking replication viruses, saving time resources, reducing use animals. determining ideal type can challenging, especially when several researchers have adapt their studies specific requirements. review strives guide scientists who venturing into studying SARS-CoV-2 help them choose right cellular models. It revisits basic concepts virology presents currently

Язык: Английский

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Vascular organoids: unveiling advantages, applications, challenges, and disease modelling strategies

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2023

Abstract Understanding mechanisms and manifestations of cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes, on vascular cells such as endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle remains elusive partly due to the lack appropriate disease models. Therefore, here we explore different aspects for development advanced 3D in vitro models that recapitulate human blood vessel complications using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem which retain epigenetic, transcriptomic, metabolic memory their patient-of-origin. In this review, highlight superiority organoids over conventional 2D cell culture systems research. We outline key benefits both health contexts discuss current challenges associated with organoid technology, providing potential solutions. Furthermore, diverse applications emphasize importance incorporating all relevant cellular components a model accurately pathophysiology. As specific example, present comprehensive overview diabetic vasculopathy, demonstrating how interplay types is critical successful modelling complex processes vitro. Finally, propose strategy creating an organ-specific vasculopathy model, serving valuable template other diseases by disease-specific stressors organotypic modifications. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(15), С. 4464 - 4464

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2022

Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe eleven selected (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution exposure to chemicals) by applying Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which well-established in regulatory toxicology. framework aims model sequence of events leading an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from binding virus ACE2 up observed have been developed integrated into a network offering unique overview mechanisms underlying disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility activity major starting points inflammatory response central development COVID-19, evaluated those intrinsic extrinsic modulate processes impacting outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables identification current knowledge gaps orientating for further research allows propose biomarkers identify high-risk also facilitates expertise synergy different disciplines address public issues.

Язык: Английский

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Polarized Calu-3 Cells Serve as an Intermediary Model for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Methods in molecular biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Unlocking the Potential of RNA Sequencing in COVID-19: Toward Accurate Diagnosis and Personalized Medicine

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 229 - 229

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

COVID-19 has caused widespread morbidity and mortality, with its effects extending to multiple organ systems. Despite known risk factors for severe disease, including advanced age underlying comorbidities, patient outcomes can vary significantly. This variability complicates efforts predict disease progression tailor treatment strategies. While diagnostic therapeutic approaches are still under debate, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) emerged as a promising tool provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of guide personalized treatment. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google Scholar. We employed Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms relevant keywords identify studies that explored role RNAseq in diagnostics, prognostics, therapeutics. proven instrumental identifying molecular biomarkers associated severity patients COVID-19. It allows differentiation between asymptomatic symptomatic individuals sheds light on immune response mechanisms contribute progression. In critically ill patients, been crucial key genes may outcomes, guiding decisions, assessing long-term virus. Additionally, helped understanding persistence viral after recovery, offering new management post-acute sequelae, long COVID. significantly improves management, particularly by enhancing accuracy, personalizing treatment, predicting responses. refines stratification, improving holds promise targeted interventions both acute

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research

Viruses, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 349 - 349

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Studies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of airway or full spectrum disease symptoms observed humans. Recently, nose lung organoids revolutionized culture complexity infection biology demonstrated potential for research virus In this opinion, we review how advances organoid models, which able express all cell types epithelia, i.e., Club, basal, goblet, ciliated cells, provided novel insight into pathogenesis, age-dependent susceptibility, attenuation signature, immune mechanisms viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, syncytial virus, influenza virus. The also studying hitherto uncultivable be useful studies zoonotic risk.

Язык: Английский

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Development of Matrix-Embedded Bovine Tracheal Organoids to Study the Innate Immune Response against Bovine Respiratory Disease

Organoids, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(2), С. 82 - 101

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) one main culprits BRD; however, research on BHV-1 hampered by lack suitable models for infection drug testing. In this study, we established a novel bovine tracheal organoid culture grown basement membrane extract type 2 (BME2) matrix compared it with air–liquid interface (ALI) system. After differentiation, matrix-embedded organoids developed beating cilia demonstrated transcriptomic profile similar to ALI The were also highly susceptible immune stimulation Pam2Cys, an immunomodulator, which resulted robust cytokine production antimicrobial peptide mRNA upregulation. However, treatment cultures Pam2Cys was not sufficient inhibit viral or replication, suggesting role non-epithelial cellular microenvironment vivo.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporally organized immunomodulatory response to SARS-CoV-2 virus in primary human broncho-alveolar epithelia

iScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 26(8), С. 107374 - 107374

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a health crisis with major unmet medical needs. early responses from airway epithelial cells, the first target of virus regulating progression toward severe disease, are not fully understood. Primary human air-liquid interface cultures representing broncho-alveolar epithelia were used study kinetics and dynamics SARS-CoV-2 variants infection. infection measured by nucleoprotein expression, was late event appearing between day 4–6 post for Wuhan-like virus. Other demonstrated increasingly accelerated timelines All triggered similar transcriptional signatures, an "early" inflammatory/immune signature preceding "late" type I/III IFN, but differences in quality found, consistent timing expression. Response spatially organized: CSF3 expression basal cells CCL20 apical cells. Thus, triggers specific modulated over time engage different arms immune response.

Язык: Английский

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Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe eleven selected by applying Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework well-established in regulatory toxicology. aims to model sequence of events starting from an initial interaction a stressor with organism progress through key biological leading adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways binding virus ACE2 up observed patients have been developed integrated into network offering unique overview mechanisms underlying disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility activity major points inflammatory response central development COVID-19, evaluated intrinsic extrinsic modulate those processes impacting outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables identification current knowledge gaps orientating for further research allows propose biomarkers identify high-risk also facilitates expertise synergy different disciplines address public issues.

Язык: Английский

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Design and realization of lung organoid cultures for COVID-19 applications

Bio-Design and Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(6), С. 646 - 660

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has spread globally and threatens public health. Advanced in vitro models that recapitulate the architecture functioning of specific tissues organs are high demand for COVID-19-related pathology studies drug screening. Since three-dimensional cultures, such as self-assembled engineered organoid surpass conventional two-dimensional cultures animal with respect to increased cellular complexity, an environment more relevant humans, reduced cost, they promising platforms understanding viral pathogenesis developing new therapeutics. This review highlights recent advances technologies used COVID-19 studies. The challenges future perspectives also discussed.

Язык: Английский

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