The interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) and the hypothalamic and endocrinal disorders: A Mini-review

Egyptian journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1), С. 73 - 86

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

The worldwide medical systems are still being severely impacted by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is responsible for catastrophic mortality and morbidity. It becomes more obvious that this unique respiratory virus's impacts go beyond system as time goes on our comprehension of it deepens. transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) protein necessary severe acute syndrome 2, cause COVID-19, to gain cellular entry through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. Most endocrine glands exhibit high levels expression ACE2 TMPRSS2. This pays attention effect COVID-19 system. Besides its capability pass central nervous especially hypothalamus inducing a lot functional disorders in individuals. Although effective vaccines became widely available, declined but shifting lengthy health survivors. To inform suitable research management, review provides an overview data examining besides hypothalamus. In addition, we reported if endocrinal thalamic could affect incidence progress COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Respiratory co-infections in COVID-19-positive patients

European journal of medical research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2023

Abstract Background Opportunistic respiratory infections may complicate critically ill patients with COVID-19. Early detection of co-infections helps to administrate the appropriate antimicrobial agent, guard against patient deterioration. This study aimed at estimating in COVID-19-positive patients. Methods Eighty-nine confirmed by SARS-COV-2 PCR were tested for post-COVID-19 lower tract through bacterial culture, fungal culture and galactomannan (GM) testing. Results Fourteen showed positive coinfection Klebsiella , nine Acinetobacter six Pseudomonas three E. coli . As infections, Aspergillus two Zygomycetes four Candida Galactomannan was among one coinfection, 13 samples negative GM. Ten growth, however, GM test negative. Conclusion In our study, coinfections mainly implicated pathogens; most commonly species (spp.), spp. common cause coinfections, low predictive value infection. Respiratory probably due prolonged intensive care units (ICU) hospitalization, extensive empiric therapy, steroid mechanical ventilation during COVID-19 outbreak. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are required so that antibiotics prescribed judiciously according results.

Язык: Английский

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Addressing Inequality in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: A Snapshot from Clinical Symptoms to Vaccine Distribution

COVID, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(2), С. 170 - 190

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

On 30 January 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. became pandemic on 11 March and spread unprecedently. No country was prepared to face its impact. Major fears started be expressed for Africa, where dramatic consequences were expected, due the weakness systems. In this review, we related major concerns, at that time but still present, regarding limited resources in terms qualified physicians researchers, as well scarce funds purchase essential medical equipment improve hospital infrastructures. The difficulties provide proper care an undeniable mark inequality, highlighting need empower local capacity raise preparedness against infection outbreaks. transmissibility genetic variants affecting African nations, immunopathology underlying comorbidities, sequelae, pre-existing conditions, often changes iron metabolism enhancing severity, described. obstacles adopting standardized prevention measures highlighted, along with testing biases inequity healthcare access vaccine distribution. By providing better understanding draw attention collaborative efforts leverage quality research continent.

Язык: Английский

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Increased 30-day all-cause mortality associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections in England during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 89(4), С. 106256 - 106256

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Coronavirus and co-infections: A Saudi Arabian perspective

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(9), С. 103739 - 103739

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Mortality due to infectious diseases continues rise globally, despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and supportive care. This is evident with the occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Saudi Arabia, an eminent country within Arab region, has had significant impact during global pandemics, concomitant fact that millions Muslims travel Arabia for pilgrimages every year. Herein, we discuss significance SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, as well Middle East (MERS-CoV) particular reference transmission and/or emergence new variants genetic mixing different strains. Furthermore, also role novel emerging re-emerging infections, such Ebola, zika, monkeypox, context on coinfections. Future strategies limit spread viral infections pivotal are deliberated upon.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of secondary infections and association with mortality rates of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Annals of Saudi Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(4), С. 243 - 253

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023

BACKGROUND: ICU and other patients hospitalized with corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are more susceptible to secondary infections. Undetected infections tend have a severe clinical impact, associated prolonged hospitalization higher rates of inpatient mortality. OBJECTIVES: Estimate the prevalence infections, determine frequency microbial species detected at different body sites, measure association between outcomes among COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study. SETTING: Tertiary care center in Riyadh PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected through retrospective chart review >18 years old from March 2020 until May 2022 King Saud University Medical City (27 months). Rates described data on (intensive admission, invasive management procedures mortality) was collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Features infection SAMPLE SIZE: 260 RESULTS: In total, 24.2% study population had However, only 68.8% testing, which 35.2% confirmed infection. These significantly diabetes mellitus ( P <.0001) cardiovascular diseases =.001). The odds admissions (63.3%) secondarily infected 8.4 times compared (17.3%). Secondarily likely receive (OR=5.068) longer duration hospital stay Overall mortality 16.2%, predominantly proportion those (47.6% vs 6.1%) (OR=14.015). Bacteria most commonly isolated organisms, primarily blood (23.3%), followed by fungal isolates, mostly urine (17.2%). organism Candida albicans (17.2%), Escherichia coli (9.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.2%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.2%). CONCLUSION: Secondary prevalent stay, mortality, procedures. LIMITATION: Single-center study, design small sample size. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Язык: Английский

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VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Emergency Medical Service, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(4), С. 210 - 216

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Aim: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is common in severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but can lead to complications, such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This retrospective cohort study aimed investigate the VAP characteristics patients with COVID-19. Material and methods: We assessed prevalence its ef f ects on mortality, length stay intensive care unit (ICU), MV time. also identif i ed most bacteria causing their resistance patterns. Results: Medical records 235 COVID-19 were analysed. After excluding 55 patients, a total 180 included study. Of this study, 67 (37%) developed VAP, mortality rate was 70.1%. Patients had longer duration ICU required for durations than those without VAP. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis prevalent bacterial species. Multi-drug resistant pathogens found 57% cases. Although exhibited higher compared dif erence not statistically signif cant. Conclusions: Our fi ndings suggest that complication receiving multidrug-resistant are cant concern. highlights need ective prevention management strategies population.

Язык: Английский

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EEG background frequency is associated with discharge outcomes in non-ICU hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022

Objective To assess risk factors for encephalopathy in non-ICU hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the effect of on short-term outcomes. Methods We collected clinical electrophysiological characteristics fifty infection admitted to a ward service who had an electroencephalogram (EEG) performed. Associations outcomes including hospital length stay discharge disposition were determined from univariate multivariate statistical analysis. Results Clinical delirium was associated EEG, cefepime use increased stay, all analyzed, background frequency EEG alone correlated disposition. Conclusion Encephalopathy is one major determinants COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Fatal cases after Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection: Results of an autopsy study

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 128, С. 51 - 57

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2022

Omicron lineages BA.1/2 are considered to cause mild clinical courses. Nevertheless, fatal cases after those infections recognized but little is known about risk factors.A total of 23 full and three partial autopsies in deceased with have been consecutively performed. The investigations included histology, blood analyses, molecular virus detection.COVID-19-associated diffuse alveolar damage was found only eight (31%). This rate significantly lower compared previous studies, including non-Omicron variants, where rates between 69% 92% were observed. Neither vaccination nor factors associated a direct death by COVID-19. Only patients who admitted the clinic because COVID-19 not for other reasons had significant association -caused (P >0.001).Diffuse still occurred BA.1/BA.2 era at considerably frequency than seen variants concern. None discriminated COVID-19-caused from that died different disease. Therefore, host's genomics might play key role this regard. Further studies should elucidate existence such genomic factor.

Язык: Английский

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Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Pregnant/Postpartum Women with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Western Balkans, The Republic of Srpska Report

Medicina, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 58(12), С. 1730 - 1730

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2022

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious that has spread worldwide. As of 5 March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in approximately 111,767 cases 6338 deaths Republic Srpska 375,554 15,718 Bosnia Herzegovina. Our objective present study was to determine characteristics outcomes critically ill pregnant/postpartum women with Srpska. Materials Methods: The retrospective observational prospectively collected data included all university-affiliated hospital between 1 April 2020 2022. Infection confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal swab specimens respiratory secretions. Patients’ demographics, clinical laboratory data, pharmacotherapy, neonatal were analysed. Results: Out 153 registered pregnant treated at gynaecology department University Clinical Centre Srpska, 19 (12.41%) (median age 36 (IQR, 29–38) years) admitted medical intensive care unit (MICU). mortality rate 21.05% (four patients) during period. Of patients (19), 14 gave birth (73.68%), 4 (21.05%) veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). Conclusions: Fourteen infants born prematurely none them died hospitalisation. A high detected among mechanical ventilation vvECMO MICU. preterm who required higher level life support (vvECMO ventilatory support).

Язык: Английский

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