Why Are Perivascular Spaces Important?

Medicina, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(5), С. 917 - 917

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Perivascular spaces (PVS) and their enlargement (EPVS) have been gaining interest as EPVS can be visualized non-invasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when viewing T-2-weighted images. are most commonly observed in the regions of basal ganglia centrum semiovale; however, they also identified frontal cortex hippocampal regions. known to increased aging hypertension, considered a biomarker cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Interest has significantly because these PVS now an essential conduit necessary for glymphatic pathway provide efflux metabolic waste. Metabolic waste includes misfolded proteins amyloid beta tau that accumulate late-onset Alzheimer’s (LOAD) within interstitial fluid is delivered subarachnoid space eventually spinal (CSF). The CSF acts sink accumulating neurotoxicities allows clinical screening potentially detect if LOAD may developing early on its progression via examination. thought occur obstruction associates with excessive neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, vascular stiffening impairs flow due dampening arterial arteriolar pulsatility aids convective debris effluxing system. Additionally, associated Parkinson’s non-age-related multiple sclerosis (MS).

Язык: Английский

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Pathological anatomy of COVID-19

Vrach, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(2), С. 47 - 54

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2024

The paper provides a review of the literature on pathologoanatomical features different organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Signs necrosis and dystrophy, various circulatory disorders were mainly detected. Morphologic are not specific for COVID-19; they can also be detected in other systemic infections shock. This should taken into account during pathological autopsy. At same time, some studies show connection between diseases with an etiology that is fully understood, so additional research required.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of the general population knowledge about the emergence of Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional study

Journal of Virus Eradication, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(1), С. 100585 - 100585

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Long COVID on Health-Related Quality of Life Among COVID-19 Survivors in Saudi Arabia

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(8), С. 890 - 890

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025

Background: Long COVID (LC) has emerged as a significant epidemiological and public health issue, affecting patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study explored the impact LC on HRQoL in COVID-19 survivors Eastern Province Saudi Arabia examined sociodemographic clinical factors that influence HRQoL. Methods: cross-sectional included 1024 participants, data were collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaire incorporated EQ-5D-5L tool to assess Sociodemographic information, acute symptoms, symptoms recorded. Statistical analyses bivariate multivariable generalized linear modelling. Results: Of all 63.8% reported experiencing with fatigue, cough, anosmia being most common. Participants had significantly lower scores (mean index score, 0.93) than those without 0.98; p < 0.001). The key influencing higher number older age, presence pneumonia during COVID-19, pre-existing conditions such anxiety hypertension. Conclusions: negatively impacts HRQoL, chronic diseases, strong predictors poor outcomes. Interventions targeting rehabilitation psychosocial support are critical for improving long-term outcomes patients LC.

Язык: Английский

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Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition

Lab Animal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(9), С. 202 - 210

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

Abstract More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on daily life patients and encompasses a broad spectrum neurological neuropsychiatric including olfactory gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration short-term memory, sleep disorders depression. Animal models been instrumental to understand COVID-19 validate prophylactic therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice nonhuman primates inoculated SARS-CoV-2 useful unveil some aspects PCC. Transcriptomic alterations central nervous system, activation immune cells impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem critical role manifestations observed animal SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, proinflammatory transcriptomic profile system SARS-CoV-2-inoculated partially overlaps pathological changes that affect microglia humans during Alzheimer’s aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None currently available fully replicates PCC humans; therefore, multiple models, together fine-tuning experimental conditions, will probably be needed symptoms. Moreover, given intrinsic characteristics new variants concern immunological status might influence manifestations, more are explore factors their combinations PCC, adding further complexity design models.

Язык: Английский

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Liver alterations and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in COVID-19 autopsies

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(2), С. 1015 - 1031

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2022

Abstract The most severe alterations in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are seen lung. However, other organs also affected. Here, we report histopathologic findings liver and detection of viral proteins RNA COVID-19 autopsies performed at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). Between March 2020 through 2022, 150 on patients who died were analyzed. Cause-of-death categories formed based association with SARS-CoV-2 as strong, contributive, or weak. Samples for study obtained from all organs, fixed formalin, embedded paraffin (FFPE). Immunohistochemical (IHC) to detect spike protein nucleocapsid (NP), CD31, claudin-5, factor VIII, macrosialin (CD68), cytokeratin 7, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), situ hybridization (ISH, RNAscope®) conducted using FFPE samples livers taken 20 ≤ 2 days postmortem. All glass slides scanned; digital images evaluated semiquantitative scoring scores analyzed statistically. Steatosis, single-cell focal/zonal hepatocyte necrosis, portal fibrosis, chronic inflammation found varying percentages. Sinusoidal ectasia, endothelial cell disruption, fibrin-filled sinusoids cases; these assessed semiquantitatively severity (SEF scored). SEF did not correlate cause-of-death ( p = 0.92) lung 0.96). was detected 13/20 cases PCR 9/20 ISH, IHC demonstration 4/20 NP 15/20. Viral located Kupffer cells, macrophages, but hepatocytes cholangiocytes. In conclusion, damage scores) common alteration a characteristic, specific COVID-19, suggesting an important role pathogenesis COVID-19-associated disease. Detection non-parenchymal cells suggests that while extended primary cytotoxic effect occurs lung, components present too, liver. necrosis/apoptosis associated suggest those survive more may face prolonged repair accordingly should be followed regularly post-COVID period.

Язык: Английский

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Association of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Mutations with Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics during the Delta and Omicron Waves

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(5), С. 1288 - 1288

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 genomic mutations outside the spike protein that may increase transmissibility and disease severity have not been well characterized. This study identified in nucleocapsid their possible association with patient characteristics. We analyzed 695 samples from patients confirmed COVID-19 Saudi Arabia between 1 April 2021, 30 2022. Nucleocapsid were through whole genome sequencing. 𝜒2 tests t assessed associations Logistic regression estimated risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Of 60 identified, R203K was most common, followed by G204R, P13L, E31del, R32del, S33del. These associated reduced ICU admission. S33del also By contrast, D63G, R203M, D377Y increased Most detected SR-rich region, which low The C-tail central linker regions admission, whereas N-arm region risk. Consequently, N must be observed, as they exacerbate viral infection severity. Additional research is needed to validate mutations' clinical outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Interaction of COVID-19 With Common Cardiovascular Disorders

Circulation Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 132(10), С. 1259 - 1271

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

The onset and widespread dissemination of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in late 2019 impacted world a way not seen since 1918 H1N1 pandemic, colloquially known as Spanish Flu. Much like Flu, which was observed to disproportionately impact young adults, it became clear early days coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that certain groups appeared be at higher risk for illness once infected. One such group immediately came forefront garnered international attention patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease. Here, we examine available literature describing interaction COVID-19 myriad conditions diseases, paying particular diagnosed arrythmias, heart failure, coronary artery We further discuss association de novo disease, including myocardial infarction due thrombosis, myocarditis, new arrhythmias. will evaluate various biochemical theories explain these findings, possible mechanisms direct injury caused by virus cellular level. Finally, strategies employed numerous governing bodies within community address unprecedented challenges posed care our most vulnerable patients, transplant recipients, end-stage failure suffering from syndromes, during height pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Link between Periodontitis and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Exploring Pathogenic Pathways and Clinical Implications

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(10), С. 2789 - 2789

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2023

Periodontitis involves the inflammation of periodontal tissue, leading to tissue loss, while coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible respiratory caused by severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which amplified poor systemic health. Key facilitators SARS-CoV-2's entry into host cells are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). This review reveals that pockets can serve as hotspot for virus accumulation, rendering surrounding epithelia more susceptible infection. Given ACE2 expressed in oral mucosa, it reasonable suggest health could increase risk COVID-19 However, recent studies have not provided sufficient evidence imply significant effect on health, necessitating further long-term investigations. Nevertheless, there hypotheses linking mechanisms two diseases, such involvement interleukin-17 (IL-17). Elevated IL-17 levels observed both periodontitis, increased osteoclast activity bone resorption. Lastly, bidirectional relationships between periodontitis diseases like diabetes acknowledged. symptoms may worsen with these conditions, maintaining good managing suggested potential ways protect against COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Eris - another brick in the wall: Empirical formulas, molar masses, biosynthesis reactions, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy of Omicron EG.5 Eris and EG.5.1 variants of SARS-CoV-2

Microbial Risk Analysis, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25, С. 100280 - 100280

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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