Post-Infectious Autoimmunity in the Central (CNS) and Peripheral (PNS) Nervous Systems: An African Perspective

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

The direct impact and sequelae of infections in children adults result significant morbidity mortality especially when they involve the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). historical understanding pathophysiology has been mostly focused on various pathogens through neural tissue invasion. However, with better neuroimmunology, there is a rapidly growing realization contribution innate adaptive host immune responses pathogenesis many CNS PNS diseases. balance between protective pathologic immunity fragile can easily be tipped towards harm for host. matter privilege surveillance CNS/PNS compartments role blood-brain barrier (BBB) blood nerve (BNB) makes this even more complex. Our post-infectious manifestations microbial agents remains elusive, diverse African setting. exploration neuroimmunology some infectious diseases that we encounter continent will go long way into helping us to improve their management therefore lessen burden. Africa uniquely poised because mix classic, well described, autoimmune disease entities specifically "tropical" conditions. This review explores current para- context. We highlight clinical presentations, diagnosis treatment these neurological disorders underscore knowledge gaps perspectives future research using models conditions see continent, which are not and, where relevant, include discussion proposed mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced autoimmunity. covers following as those relationship COVID-19 infection reported: a) Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy; b) Measles-associated encephalopathies; c) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) neuroimmune disorders, particularly difficulties associated classical such Guillain-Barré syndrome context HIV other infections. Finally, describe NMDA-R encephalitis, post-HSV summarise antibody-mediated myasthenia gravis classic but special features Africa.

Язык: Английский

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Global Mapping and Visualization Analysis of One Health Knowledge in the COVID-19 Context

Environmental Health Insights, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on health, social, and economic systems, triggering lasting damage exposing complexity of problem beyond just being health emergency. This crisis has highlighted need for comprehensive collaborative strategy to successfully counter infectious diseases other global challenges. With pushing One Health forefront sustainable development agendas, this concept emerged as potential approach addressing these In context COVID-19, study investigates knowledge about by examining its state, contributions, future directions. It seeks offer an integrated framework insights guiding well-informed decisions. A search using Scopus database was conducted, employing specific terms related COVID-19. VOSviewer 1.6.19 software used generate network visualization maps. Countries’ research output adjusted based their gross domestic product (GDP) population size. The identified total 527 publications. United States led with 134 documents (25.4%), but India topped ranking. journal stood most common outlet disseminating (49 documents; 9.3%), while Centers Disease Control Prevention (CDC), prolific institution (13 2.5%). Key topics were virus transmission mechanisms, climate change impacts, antimicrobial resistance, ecosystem preparedness, collaboration, community engagement, developing efficient surveillance systems. emphasizes how critical it is capitalize present momentum advance concepts. Integrating social environmental sciences, variety professions better interaction collaboration crucial. Additionally, increased funding countries, legislative empowerment are vital boost disease prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Contemporary security threats in Africa

Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4(3-4), С. 98 - 108

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

The analysis of potential and actual security threats challenges leads us to the conclusion that Africa is one most endangered continents. Constant confrontations, wars, internal political crises, local international terrorism, organized crime, illegal trade, other on hand and, hand, an inadequate response from both individual states community. Is Africa, a continent rich in ores minerals as well possibilities, training ground for dominance superpowers? Are instabilities mainly caused by external influences ensure puppet governments do not care about interests state society they represent, but theinterests former current colonial powers? Analysis risks side only half job. second presence elements National Security System each country, which must work prevention, elimination consequences actions bearers threats, suppression themselves. For successful functioning System, it necessary develop “System” education field Studies based Science.

Язык: Английский

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Viral meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: trends in prevalence, etiologies, and diagnostic approaches

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

Viral meningitis is a significant yet often underreported public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where diagnostic limitations and surveillance gaps hinder accurate case detection. This systematic review examines epidemiological trends, etiologies, laboratory approaches to viral across SSA from 1987 2024. data reveal that the prevalence of has shown an overall increasing trend, with considerable year-to-year variability influenced by seasonal outbreaks, improved methods, enhanced efforts. Human enteroviruses (HEVs) were most frequently identified causative agents, accounting for 1,164 confirmed cases, followed herpesvirus family, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cytomegalovirus (CMV). Other detected pathogens include mumps virus, adenoviruses, coxsackievirus, arboviruses such as dengue virus. The shift traditional cultures polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex PCR significantly Despite these advancements, substantial remain accessibility, systems, less research focus on SSA. Addressing challenges through surveillance, capacity, targeted strategies crucial mitigating burden region.

Язык: Английский

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Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mixed crop-livestock farmers on Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and other zoonoses in Burkina Faso

One Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101066 - 101066

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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