Seroprevalence of Yellow fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus at a community level in the Gambella Region, South West Ethiopia

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. e0253953 - e0253953

Published: July 8, 2021

Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), and Zika(ZIK) are among re-emerging arboviral diseases of major public health concern. Despite the proximity Gambella Region to South Sudan where cases have been recorded repeatedly current epidemiological situation is unclear in this part southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, we conducted a community-based seroprevalence survey YF virus (YFV), CHIK (CHIKV), ZIK (ZIKV) infections two selected districts. A cross-sectional study was locations region (Lare Itang) investigate these viruses’ infections. Blood samples were collected from participants screened for IgG antibodies specific YFV CHIKV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For detection ZIKV antibodies, Blockade-of-binding ELISA used. Data analyzed STATA version 13.1 Softwares. total 150 individuals (96 males 54 females, age ranging 18 65 years, mean ± SD = 35.92 10.99) participated provided blood samples. Among 135, 90, YFV, CHIKV, ZIKV, respectively. Hence, 2.9% (95% CI: 1.1–7.7%), 15.6% 9.3–24.8%), 27.3% 20.7–35.3%) tested positive infections, individual seropositive only six, one three had history residence outside Agro-pastoral occupation significantly associated with higher prevalence against (AOR 14.17; 95%CI: 2.30, 87.30) residency Lare district 11; 3.31, 39.81) found be ZIKV. Our findings revealed occurrence locations.

Language: Английский

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Global Mapping and Visualization Analysis of One Health Knowledge in the COVID-19 Context

Environmental Health Insights, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on health, social, and economic systems, triggering lasting damage exposing complexity of problem beyond just being health emergency. This crisis has highlighted need for comprehensive collaborative strategy to successfully counter infectious diseases other global challenges. With pushing One Health forefront sustainable development agendas, this concept emerged as potential approach addressing these In context COVID-19, study investigates knowledge about by examining its state, contributions, future directions. It seeks offer an integrated framework insights guiding well-informed decisions. A search using Scopus database was conducted, employing specific terms related COVID-19. VOSviewer 1.6.19 software used generate network visualization maps. Countries’ research output adjusted based their gross domestic product (GDP) population size. The identified total 527 publications. United States led with 134 documents (25.4%), but India topped ranking. journal stood most common outlet disseminating (49 documents; 9.3%), while Centers Disease Control Prevention (CDC), prolific institution (13 2.5%). Key topics were virus transmission mechanisms, climate change impacts, antimicrobial resistance, ecosystem preparedness, collaboration, community engagement, developing efficient surveillance systems. emphasizes how critical it is capitalize present momentum advance concepts. Integrating social environmental sciences, variety professions better interaction collaboration crucial. Additionally, increased funding countries, legislative empowerment are vital boost disease prevention.

Language: Английский

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Post-Infectious Autoimmunity in the Central (CNS) and Peripheral (PNS) Nervous Systems: An African Perspective

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 9, 2022

The direct impact and sequelae of infections in children adults result significant morbidity mortality especially when they involve the central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). historical understanding pathophysiology has been mostly focused on various pathogens through neural tissue invasion. However, with better neuroimmunology, there is a rapidly growing realization contribution innate adaptive host immune responses pathogenesis many CNS PNS diseases. balance between protective pathologic immunity fragile can easily be tipped towards harm for host. matter privilege surveillance CNS/PNS compartments role blood-brain barrier (BBB) blood nerve (BNB) makes this even more complex. Our post-infectious manifestations microbial agents remains elusive, diverse African setting. exploration neuroimmunology some infectious diseases that we encounter continent will go long way into helping us to improve their management therefore lessen burden. Africa uniquely poised because mix classic, well described, autoimmune disease entities specifically "tropical" conditions. This review explores current para- context. We highlight clinical presentations, diagnosis treatment these neurological disorders underscore knowledge gaps perspectives future research using models conditions see continent, which are not and, where relevant, include discussion proposed mechanisms underlying pathogen-induced autoimmunity. covers following as those relationship COVID-19 infection reported: a) Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy; b) Measles-associated encephalopathies; c) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) neuroimmune disorders, particularly difficulties associated classical such Guillain-Barré syndrome context HIV other infections. Finally, describe NMDA-R encephalitis, post-HSV summarise antibody-mediated myasthenia gravis classic but special features Africa.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of Chikungunya and O’nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 589 - 589

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. Anopheles Aedes the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria arboviruses. mosquitoes primary vector of just one known arbovirus, alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to chikungunya (CHIKV), vectored mosquitoes. However, harbor a complex natural virome RNA viruses, number pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from in nature. CHIKV ONNV same antigenic group, Semliki Forest complex, difficult distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, symptomatically cause essentially human disease. The difference between appears be their differential use mosquito vectors. mechanisms governing this specificity poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic extrinsic factors that could associated with these viruses. We highlight complexity multifactorial aspect vectorial alphaviruses, evaluate level risk shift or CHIKV.

Language: Английский

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Mapping the Risk for West Nile Virus Transmission, Africa

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 777 - 785

Published: March 19, 2022

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emergent arthropodborne that transmitted from bird to by mosquitoes. Spillover events occur when infected mosquitoes bite mammals. We created a geopositioned database of WNV presence in Africa and considered reports the all animal components: reservoirs, vectors, nonhuman dead-end hosts. built various biogeographic models determine which drivers explain distribution throughout Africa. Wetlands international importance for birds accounted detection components, whereas human-related played key role epizootic cases. combined these obtain integrative large-scale perspective areas at risk spillover. Understanding pose highest would enable us address management this spreading disease comprehend translocation outside through avian migration routes.

Language: Английский

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