Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 400 - 400

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder characterized by wide range persisting, returning even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). Very much like ME/CFS, infections herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, the persistence inflammation have been reported as most common pattern for development COVID. review describes several factors determinants proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation latent viruses such Epstein–Barr virus human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated pathology superantigen activation system, disturbance gut microbiome, multiple tissue damage autoimmunity. Based these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies measurement IgG IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, superantigens, microbiota, biomarkers autoimmunity to better understand manage this multi-factorial continues affect millions people world.

Язык: Английский

---

Exposome: Epigenetics and autoimmune diseases

Autoimmunity Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(6), С. 103584 - 103584

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Systemic autoimmune diseases are complex conditions characterized by an immune system dysregulation and aberrant activation against self-antigens, leading to tissue organ damage. Even though genetic predisposition plays a role, it cannot fully explain the onset of these diseases, highlighting significant impact non-heritable influences such as environment, hormones infections. The exposome represents all those factors, ranging from chemical pollutants dietary components psychological stressors infectious agents. Epigenetics, which studies changes in gene expression without altering DNA sequence, is crucial link between development diseases. Key epigenetic mechanisms include methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs. These modifications could provide potential piece puzzle understanding systemic their connection with exposome. In this work we have collected most important recent evidence linked (systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ANCA-associated vasculitis, rheumatoid arthritis), emphasizing roles may play disease pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers prospective targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

---

Dysregulated Levels of Circulating Autoantibodies against Neuronal and Nervous System Autoantigens in COVID-19 Patients

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(4), С. 687 - 687

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2023

COVID-19 is a heterogenous disease resulting in long-term sequela predisposed individuals. It not uncommon that recovering patients endure non-respiratory ill-defined manifestations, including anosmia, and neurological cognitive deficit persisting beyond recovery-a constellation of conditions are grouped under the umbrella syndrome. Association between autoimmune responses individuals was shown several studies.To investigate against neuronal CNS autoantigens SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, we performed cross-sectional study with 246 participants, 169 77 controls. Levels antibodies acetylcholine receptor, glutamate amyloid β peptide, alpha-synucleins, dopamine 1 2 tau protein, GAD-65, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) BDNF, cerebellar, ganglioside, myelin basic oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, S100-B, glial fibrillary acidic enteric nerve were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Circulating levels autoantibodies compared healthy controls then classified by severity (mild [n = 74], severe 65], requiring supplemental oxygen 32]).COVID-19 found to have dysregulated autoantibody correlating severity, e.g., IgG NMDA receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glycoprotein. Elevated IgA α-synuclein detected Lower glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, nerve, S100-B versus Some these known clinical correlations symptoms commonly reported long syndrome.Overall, our shows widespread dysregulation titer various CNS-related convalescent patients. Further research needed provide insight into association enigmatic psychological

Язык: Английский

---

The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease and Clinical Practice in Pediatric Gastroenterology

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(3), С. 559 - 559

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2023

Celiac disease (CD) has a high prevalence but remains largely underdiagnosed. Although extensive studies have confirmed that children with CD do not an increased risk of severe COVID-19, public health regulations associated the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may exacerbated this problem. The aim study was to assess effect on number new-onset cases. Additionally, role in autoimmune diseases and its influence clinical practice pediatric gastroenterology were briefly reviewed. We described data from hospital electronic registry CD, during COVID-19 2 years before. A total 423 diagnosed between March 2018 February 2022: 228 2-year pre-COVID-19 period 195 pandemic. patients 14.5% lower than previous years. quarterly comparison diagnoses showed reduction all quarters. lockdown following months evident compensated thereafter. This is first evaluate impact diagnosis children. Further are necessary improve system biopsy-sparing diagnostic delay. Special attention should be given implementation telemedicine services.

Язык: Английский

---

The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(14), С. 1872 - 1872

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2023

The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by gut–brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting can be promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between factors leads increased intra- inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting different picture vivo from obtained under controlled conditions. Following evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should validated clinical trials with cohorts large enough reach significance. Our review summarizes existing focused identifying suitable interventions, combinations, appropriate timings target microbiota-related stress. Most studies assessed relapsing–remitting (RRMS); only few limited were carried out other stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS–SPMS). Future must consider extended time frame, perhaps starting perinatal period lasting until young adult period, aiming capture many complex intersystem interactions possible.

Язык: Английский

---

Autoimmune diseases, autoantibody status and silicosis in a cohort of 1238 workers from the artificial stone benchtop industry

Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 81(8), С. 388 - 394

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Objectives Autoimmune disorders are multifactorial but occupational exposures have long been implicated, including respirable crystalline silica (RCS). A modern epidemic of silicosis is emerging internationally, associated with dry processing engineered stone high (>90%) RCS content. We aimed to investigate the prevalence clinical autoimmune disease and common autoantibodies in exposed workers. Methods Stone benchtop industry workers Victoria, Australia were offered free screening for related disorders. Symptoms or diagnoses evaluated by questionnaire blood tests taken rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs). Results Among 1238 (93.3% male) screened from 2019 2021, 0.9% confirmed disease. those without disease, 24.6% had detectable ANAs (93.5% male), 4.6% ENAs 2.6% positive RF. Silicosis was diagnosed 253 (24.3% diagnostic information available). Of ANA readings, 54 (6.6%) titre >1:320. The likelihood increased age; smoking; higher exposure diagnosis. Conclusion proportion considerably than 5%–9% expected general population. Some detected (eg, Scl-70, CENPB) sensitivity specificity systemic sclerosis. Long-term follow-up will be needed estimate incidence. Rheumatologists should explore history new cases Screening indicated as these individuals need specialised management may entitled compensation.

Язык: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 Gut-Targeted Epitopes: Sequence Similarity and Cross-Reactivity Join Together for Molecular Mimicry

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1937 - 1937

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

The gastrointestinal tract can be heavily infected by SARS-CoV-2. Being an auto-immunogenic virus, SARS-CoV-2 represents environmental factor that might play a role in gut-associated autoimmune diseases. However, molecular mimicry between the virus and intestinal epitopes is under-investigated. present study aims to elucidate sequence similarity viral antigens human enteric sequences, based on known cross-reactivity. cross-react with gut were explored, alignment was performed against self-antigens implicated conditions. Experimental aggregated from Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), while obtained UniProt Knowledgebase. A Pairwise Local Alignment tool, EMBOSS Matcher, employed for search. Sequence targeted cross-reactivity depicted 10 pairs of immunoreactive epitopes. Similar found four proteins seven related ulcerative colitis, primary biliary cholangitis, celiac disease, hepatitis. Antibodies made cross-reactive are involved several essential cellular functions. relationship contribution those or its potential auto-immuno-genesis discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

The intersection of microbiome and autoimmunity in long COVID-19: Current insights and future directions

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Towards designing of some potential new autoimmune disorder inhibitors using crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses in combination with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations

Intelligent Pharmacy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(2), С. 204 - 225

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

The emergence of multi-drug-resistant autoimmune diseases poses a significant risk to human health and has garnered global attention. In this study, metformin sulfasalazine have been used as starting materials or control. This research successfully designed hundred compounds, assess their efficacy against two disease pathogens: type 1 diabetes rheumatoid arthritis. DFT method was engaged calculate the vibrational frequencies Frontier Molecular orbitals (FMOs) selected compounds. reactivity selectivity compounds are analyzed using parameters like MEP descriptors, which calculated interpreted. Density state (DOS) molecule plotted Furthermore, docking results showed favorable interactions compound D385 with catalytically important amino acid residues. best active when compared template standard drugs show similar binding sites. studies further confirm presence HOMO orbital centered on isoxazole ring highlighting its importance for receptor-ligand hydrogen hydrophobic interactions. molecular dynamics simulations MM/GBSA analysis reveal that inhibitory nature is proven inhibitor arthritis activities. Our study suggested comparable may be experimental studies. It can also pipeline search design new potential inhibitors. most promising candidates from computational trials examined in wet laboratory experiment before moving clinical trials.

Язык: Английский

---

Autoimmune Disorders Unraveled: The Interplay Between Genetics and the Immune System.

International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(03), С. 01 - 14

Опубликована: Март 3, 2024

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders that have an abnormal immune response against the owner’s tissues. Another key feature in pathogenesis these is interaction between genetics and environment. Although emergence number recent genomic technologies has simplified establishing many susceptibility genes loci determine inherited predisposition to autoimmunity, The goal this review article explore element complexity stems from correlation immunity when focusing autoimmune diseases. It provides major genetic differences define cell activity, mechanisms related regulation self-tolerance inflammatory reactions. Also, describes epigenetic modifications could modify gene expression behavior systems causing disease development or progression. In chapter, using GWAS as well other types studies we address how advances improved our understanding enabled novel strategies for personalizing therapeutic interventions. This paper further explores opportunities such findings present creating predictive models risk assessment prescription personalized medicine. control autoimmunity will greatly benefit unraveling complexities involved conditions.

Язык: Английский

---