The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 775 - 775

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because prolonged life expectancy, which not paralleled by an increase in expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, are defined, respectively, as inflammaging senescence. A wealth available data demonstrates that these two conditions closely linked, leading to greater vulnerability elderly subjects viral, bacterial, opportunistic infections well lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, in-depth assessment the players involved changing epidemiology demanded regarding individual concerted involvement cells mediators within endogenous exogenous factors co-morbidities. This review provides overall updated description changes affecting system, may be help understanding underlying mechanisms associated with main age-associated infectious diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 753 - 753

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2024

Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), member of herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts influence on aging immune system, potentially to age-related diseases. review delves into intricate relationship between CMV, revealing how chronic viral impacts landscape. We explore mechanisms through which can impact composition functionality cell populations induce shifts inflammatory profiles aging. Moreover, we examine potential role pathologies such cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, Long COVID. underlines importance understanding CMV. It offers insights pathophysiology age-associated well COVID-19 outcomes among elderly. By unraveling connections gain deeper aging’s remarkable journey that infections play transforming system.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(6), С. 526 - 526

Опубликована: Март 17, 2024

The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections treating chronic non-communicable diseases, respectively. For long time, the influence sex differences on modifying health disease not been addressed clinical preclinical studies. interaction genetic, epigenetic, hormonal factors plays sex-related epidemiology manifestations, response to treatment. Moreover, is one leading influencing gut microbiota composition, which could further explain different predisposition diseases men women. In same way, between sexes occur also immune vaccines. This narrative review aims highlight these differences, focusing Comparative data about responses, vaccine effectiveness, side effects are reviewed. Hence, intricate interplay sex, immunity, will be discussed for its potential vaccination. Embracing sex-oriented perspective research may improve efficacy allow design tailored schedules.

Язык: Английский

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Age-related changes in the immune system and challenges for the development of age-specific vaccines

Annals of Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 57(1)

Опубликована: Март 20, 2025

Background A better understanding of how the immune system evolves with age and vaccines work in older people has led to increasing focus on development aimed specifically at groups. We discuss strategies used improve vaccine immunogenicity for adults, focusing licensed adjuvants.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccines for the Elderly and Vaccination Programs in Europe and the United States

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 566 - 566

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases’ morbidity mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize latest findings on vaccines for against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, pneumococcal disease examine vaccine recommendation differences this age group Europe United States. PubMed was searched using keywords “elders” “vaccine” alongside disease/pathogen question paraphrased or synonymous terms. Vaccine recommendations were also sought European US Centers Disease Control Prevention databases. Improved vaccines, tailored elderly, mainly by novel adjuvants increasing antigen concentration, are now available. Significant exist between immunization policies, especially countries, terms recipient’s age, number doses, vaccination schedule, implementation (mandatory recommended). Understanding factors that influence immune response may help design offer long-term protection vulnerable group. A consensus-based strategy could fill gaps policy particularly regarding RSV pneumococcus.

Язык: Английский

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Safety profile of recombinant adjuvanted anti-herpes zoster vaccine (RZV) in high-risk groups: Data from active surveillance program. Puglia (Italy), 2021–23

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(12), С. 2966 - 2974

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Since 2021 a recombinant adjuvanted anti-Herpes Zoster vaccine(Recombinant Vaccine, RZV) is offered in Italy to high-risk patients. Few real-life data about RZV safety are available target populations.

Язык: Английский

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Immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease: focusing on the efficacy of gantenerumab on amyloid-β clearance and cognitive decline

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 76(9), С. 1115 - 1131

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Gantenerumab, a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), has been thought of as potential agent to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) by specifically targeting regions the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide sequence. Aβ protein accumulation in brain leads amyloid plaques, causing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and neurotransmitter dysfunction, thereby cognitive decline AD. Gantenerumab involves disrupting aggregation promoting breakdown larger aggregates into smaller fragments, which facilitates action Aβ-degrading enzymes brain, thus slowing down progression Moreover, acts an opsonin, coating plaques enhancing their recognition immune cells, which, combined with its ability improve activity microglia, makes it intriguing candidate for plaque clearance. Indeed, multifaceted effects including disaggregation, enhanced recognition, improved microglia activity, may position promising therapeutic approach Of note, reports suggest that albeit capacity reduce or eliminate Aβ, not demonstrated effectiveness reducing decline. This review, after providing overview immunotherapy approaches target AD, explores efficacy levels

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy and Safety of Vaccinations in Geriatric Patients: A Literature Review

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(9), С. 1412 - 1412

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2023

With the progressive lengthening of average age population, especially in some countries such as Italy, vaccination elderly is a fixed point on which most public health efforts are concentrating epidemic infectious diseases, those winter, have major impact progression severe disease, hospitalization, and death. The protection against acute diseases should not only limit mortality but also positive fragility these people terms less disability fewer care needs. However, population differs efficacy safety compared to that other categories since aging consequent loss efficiency immune system lead reduction immunogenicity vaccines without achieving lasting antibody coverage. There various strategies avoid failure immunization by resorting supplementary doses with adjuvant vaccines, increasing dosage antigen used, or choosing inoculate serum relying routes administration vaccine. Vaccination an important factor light growing antibiotic resistance because it can indirectly contribute combating resistance, reducing theoretically use agents. Furthermore, old reduces from preventable same rate antibiotics. Given importance complexity topic, this review, we will deal main aspects how influence healthcare costs, where more evident. Therefore, conducted systematic literature search PubMed identify all types studies published up 31 May 2023 examined association between elderly. Data extraction quality assessment were two reviewers (PC TC) who independently extracted following data assessed each study.

Язык: Английский

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Perceived benefits, information, vaccination history, and conspiracy beliefs as significant determinants of RSV vaccine acceptance among Arab seniors

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant respiratory health risk to senior citizens, contributing substantially hospitalizations and mortality. With the recent approval of three RSV vaccines for elderly, it is critical understand factors that can shape vaccination attitudes inform public strategies enhance uptake among this vulnerable population. Objectives: This study aimed investigate potential could influence toward citizens in Arab countries. Design: A multinational cross-sectional study, adhering STROBE guidelines, was conducted using survey instrument previously validated through exploratory factor analysis assess newly approved vaccine. Methods: self-administered online distributed conveniently mainly across five The collected data on demographics, history, key constructs related vaccine attitude, including “Fear,” “Information,” “Accessibility,” “Benefits,” “Conspiracy.” Results: total 483 participants were included with majority from countries: Jordan ( n = 239, 49.5%), Kuwait 74, 15.3%), Egypt 68, 14.1%), Saudi Arabia 51, 10.6%), UAE 23, 4.8%), alongside other nations 28, 5.8%). Among respondents, 51.1% 247) expressed acceptance vaccine, 22.4% 108) hesitant, 26.5% 128) exhibited refusal. Multivariate identified perceived benefits (β 0.484, p < 0.001), information needs 0.229, previous history 0.087, 0.016) as positive predictors acceptance. Conversely, stronger conspiracy beliefs −0.083, 0.035) associated resistance. Fear accessibility not attitudes. Conclusion: findings showed benefits, access reliable information, are essential promote seniors. These recommended improve

Язык: Английский

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Immune aging: biological mechanisms, clinical symptoms, and management in lung transplant recipients

Frontiers in Transplantation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

While chronologic age can be precisely defined, clinical manifestations of advanced occur in different ways and at rates across individuals. The observed phenotype likely reflects a superposition several biological aging mechanisms which have gained increasing attention as the world contends with an population. Even within immune system, there are multiple age-associated play, including telomere dysfunction, epigenetic dysregulation, senescence programs, mitochondrial dysfunction. These associated syndromes, such dysfunction leading to short syndrome (STS), optimal patient management may require recognition biologically based syndromes. Within context lung transplantation, select particularly pronounced. Indeed, STS is increasingly recognized indication for transplantation. At same time, common phenotypes evoked by stress transplantation because allografts face potent response, necessitating higher levels suppression toxicities, relative other solid organs. Age-associated conditions exacerbated transplant include bone marrow suppression, herpes viral infections, liver cirrhosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, frailty, cancer risk. This review aims dissect molecular describe their these more manifest this mechanism-based approach syndromes has broad relevance geriatric medicine.

Язык: Английский

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