The
present
study
showcases
a
series
of
crystallization
experiments
using
specially
designed
double
diffusion
system
to
grow
crystals
belonging
the
calcium
carbonate-phosphate
system.
experimental
U-shaped
device
comprised
two
vertical
solution
containers,
separated
by
horizontal
column
silica
hydrogel.
Each
container
was
filled
with
0.5
M
CaCl2
and
Na2CO3
solutions,
which
diffused
through
gel
over
time.
Na3PO4
50
500
ppm
concentrations,
were
incorporated
into
in
different
experiments,
resulting
homogeneous
distribution
phosphate
concentrations
within
column.
After
15
30
days
incubation
period
post-nucleation,
formed
sections
carefully
extracted
studied
scanning
electron
microscopy
microprobe.
Additionally,
Raman
spectra
collected
from
samples
confocal
microscope,
providing
further
insights
their
molecular
composition
structural
properties.
obtained
results
show
that
under
induced
conditions
(i)
incorporates
calcite´s
structure,
(ii)
growth
phosphates
presence
carbonate
ions
involves
sequential,
heterogeneous
nucleation
CO3-bearing
OCP/HAP-like
phases
spectral
characteristics
very
similar
those
bioapatites.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
9(3), С. e13825 - e13825
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2023
Plant
diseases
are
still
the
main
problem
for
reduction
in
crop
yield
and
a
threat
to
global
food
security.
Additionally,
excessive
usage
of
chemical
inputs
such
as
pesticides
fungicides
control
plant
have
created
another
serious
human
environmental
health.
In
view
this,
application
growth-promoting
rhizobacteria
(PGPR)
controlling
disease
incidences
has
been
identified
an
eco-friendly
approach
coping
with
security
issue.
this
review,
we
different
ways
by
which
PGPRs
capable
reducing
phytopathogenic
infestations
enhancing
yield.
PGPR
suppresses
diseases,
both
directly
indirectly,
mediated
microbial
metabolites
signaling
components.
Microbial
synthesized
anti-pathogenic
siderophores,
antibiotics,
lytic
enzymes,
hydrogen
cyanide,
several
others
act
on
phytopathogens.
The
indirect
mechanisms
infestation
caused
stimulation
immune
responses
known
initiation
systemic
resistance
(ISR)
is
triggering
elicited
through
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
(PAMPs).
ISR
triggered
infected
region
leads
development
acquired
(SAR)
throughout
making
resistant
wide
range
pathogens.
A
number
including
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
genera
proven
their
ability
stimulate
ISR.
However,
there
some
challenges
large-scale
acceptance
pest
management.
Further,
discuss
newly
formulated
inoculants
possessing
activities
suppression
holistic
sustaining
health
productivity.
Plants People Planet,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
6(3), С. 611 - 621
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024
Societal
Impact
Statement
Cultivation
of
strawberry
plants
in
urban
production
systems,
whether
green
open‐air
spaces
or
under
some
form
protected
horticulture
such
as
vertical
farming,
has
demonstrated
to
be
challenging
new
farmers
and
businesses.
Commercial
producers
have
an
advanced
understanding
plant
physiology,
enabling
them
grow
the
crop
successfully
profitably.
Lack
knowledge
exchange
between
commercial
growers
seems
result
abandonment
strawberries
choice
systems.
This
review
will
confront
specific
science
challenges
need
address
incorporate
this
nutritional
into
their
revolutionary
growing
whilst
achieving
good
quality
produce
with
high
yields.
Summary
To
ensure
a
sustainable
future
(UH)
key
part
our
everyday
life.
There
are
increasing
demands
for
higher
productivity
more
locally
produced
food,
even
close
densely
populated
areas,
environmental
pressures
accelerate
resilience
modern
food
UH
is
broad
term
can
include
numerous
cultivation
methods;
rooftop
gardens,
public
spaces,
walls,
indoor
farms,
well
array
crops
including,
salads,
soft
fruits
trees.
Crops
expected
soon
make
significant
contribution
UH.
Urban
promises
all‐year
round
fruit
availability,
reduced
reliance
on
imports,
increased
self‐sufficiency,
lower
miles,
supply
high‐quality
fresh
from
hyper‐local
employment
opportunities,
welfare
benefits
opportunity
promote
sense
community.
Strawberry
complex
perennial
agronomical
challenges,
which
requires
specialist
that
not
always
available
farmers.
Achieving
version
field
require
rural
newly
entered
growers.
Plant
management
pathogens,
propagation
material,
fertigation,
pollination
requirements
most
common
production.
aims
consolidate
bottleneck
facilities.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(8), С. 4712 - 4726
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
A
ground
state
charge
transfer
complex
of
N,
P-CNPs
and
TEOA
promotes
long-lived
free
carriers
modifies
the
electronic
energy
levels
for
complete
metal-free
solar
H
2
generation.
Free
molecules
act
as
effective
SEDs
during
photocatalysis.
Agronomy,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(12), С. 3064 - 3064
Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2022
Viruses
pose
a
serious
threat
to
the
sustainable
production
of
economically
important
crops
around
world.
In
past
20
years,
potato
virus
Y
(PVY)
emerged
as
relatively
new
and
very
problem
in
potatoes,
even
though
it
is
oldest
known
plant
virus.
Multiple
strains
cause
various
symptoms
on
leaves
tubers
resulting
yield
reduction
poor-quality
tubers.
Consequently,
would
be
interesting
learn
what
causes
systemic
PVY
resistance
plants.
Natural
compounds
such
chitosan
(CHT)
phosphorus
have
been
developed
alternatives
chemical
pesticides
manage
crop
diseases
recent
years.
current
study,
were
foliar-sprayed
with
assess
their
ability
induce
resistance.
Compared
untreated
plants,
findings
demonstrated
significant
decrease
disease
severity
accumulation
plants
for
which
CHT
P
applied.
Every
treatment
includes
significantly
increased
growth
parameters,
chlorophyll
content,
photosynthetic
characteristics,
osmoprotectants
(glycine
betaine,
proline,
soluble
sugar),
non-enzymatic
antioxidants
(glutathione,
phenols,
ascorbic
acid),
enzymatic
(peroxidase,
superoxide
dismutase,
lipoxygenase,
glutathione
reductase,
catalase,
β-1,3
glucanase,
ascorbate
peroxidase),
phytohormones
(gibberellic
acid,
indole
acetic
jasmonic
salicylic
mineral
content
(phosphorus,
nitrogen,
potassium),
compared
infected
However,
infection
values,
treatments
showed
malondialdehyde,
DPPH,
H2O2,
O2,
OH,
abscisic
acid
levels.
addition,
expression
levels
some
regulatory
defense
genes,
including
dismutase
(SOD),
peroxidase
(APX),
relative
pathogenesis-related
1
basic
(PR-1b),
phenylalanine
ammonia-lyase
(PAL),
found
all
treated
PVY-infected
Conclusion:
Phosphorus
most
effective
alleviating
infections.
Food Control,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
150, С. 109701 - 109701
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023
Salts
of
phosphonic
acid
(sodium
or
potassium
phosphonate)
its
ester
fosetyl
are
highly
effective
systemic
fungicides,
which
not
only
exhibit
fungistatic
activities,
but
also
stimulate
the
natural
defence
systems
plants
against
pathogens.
Since
EU
legislation
has
approved
and
sodium
phosphonate
as
fungicides
in
2013
2014,
they
no
longer
permitted
organic
agriculture.
As
a
result,
even
minor
contents
food
samples
interpreted
an
indication
fungicide
treatment.
A
maximum
level
0.01
mg/kg
applies
for
infant
nutrition.
Here
we
present
evidence
from
scientific
literature
that
is
compound,
occurs
significant
amounts
environment
produced
consumed
by
microorganisms
within
biogeochemical
phosphorus
cycle.
Further
potential
sources
this
chemical
apart
agricultural
applications
organophosphonates,
byproduct
during
their
industrial
production
microbial
degradation
effluents
industry
households.
An
evaluation
Eurofins
results
analysis
2017
to
2022
with
methods
achieving
limit
quantification
(LOQ)
reveals
compound
was
detected
40.63%
all
43.42%
conventional
agriculture,
over
90%
chickpeas,
lentils,
buckwheat,
peanuts
wine.
Furthermore,
97.3%
mushroom
contain
animal
manure
compost
used
cultivation
source
chemical.
Consequently,
other
causes
products
than
must
be
taken
into
account
well.
Analysis
ratio
stable
oxygen
isotopes
18O
16O
successfully
applied
detect
mineral
sulphur
fertilizer
Similarly,
it
might
promising
tool
differentiate
between
industrially
sources.
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. jauf.2025.005 - jauf.2025.005
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025
Abstract
Background
Phosphite
products
have
a
history
of
use
as
fertilizers
and
fungicides.
In
contrast
to
conventional
fungicides,
phosphites
work
both
directly
indirectly
by
activating
plant
defense
mechanisms
are
proven
be
effective
against
Phytophthora
root
rot
canker
diseases.
There
numerous
phosphite
on
the
market
labeled
fungicides
or
fertilizers,
but
comparative
studies
their
efficacy
duration
impact
scarce.
Methods
We
compared
commercially
available
foliar
infections
nicotianae
Rhododendron
spp.
The
were
formulated
soluble
concentrates,
granules,
slow-release
tablets.
2
separate
trials,
preventive
applications
made
zone
containerized
field
grown
Induced
resistance
was
assayed
measuring
lesion
size
following
inoculation
detached
leaves
over
time.
Results
greenhouse
study,
all
suppressed
development
starting
early
1
week
post-treatment
suppression
sustained
for
8
12
weeks,
resulting
in
significantly
reduced
area
inoculated,
non-treated
controls.
trial,
Reliant
L
(fungicide)
Dry
Phite
28G
(fertilizer)
cumulative
3
weeks
with
effects
persisting
6
respectively.
All
at
4
except
tablet
(fertilizer).
Conclusions
Whether
fertilizer
fungicide
liquid
granule,
soil
provided
prolonged,
systemic
protection
varying
degrees.
Abstract
Tree
pathogens
like
Phytophthora
spp.
cause
significant
economic
damage.
Resistance
inducers
(RIs)
are
used
to
manage
some
forest
pathogens.
RIs
known
elicit
the
innate
defense
capacity
of
trees
against
diseases.
The
exogenous
application
compounds
phosphite
can
trigger
induced
resistance
(IR).
Phosphite,
an
inorganic
salt
phosphorous
acid,
is
a
well-known
RI.
Some
processes
production
antimicrobial
substances,
leaf
lignification,
increased
cell
wall
thickness,
and
synthesis
plant
metabolites.
Phosphite
treatment
assists
recuperate
from
damage
or
may
stop
further
disease
advancement.
Factors
method
timing,
pathogen
susceptibility,
amount
in
soil,
absorbed
by
determine
performance
tree
management.
One
drawbacks
its
phytotoxicity.
However,
phytotoxicity
be
minimized
scrutinizing
appropriate
methods
dosage.
In
this
review,
use
management
tree-damaging
diseases
briefly
covered.
Besides,
methods,
toxicity
trees,
synergies
between
other
compounds,
MRL,
residue
reviewed.
Empirical
studies
have
shown
that
environmental
variability
in
the
field
remains
uncontrolled
certain
cases,
with
research
often
conducted
at
a
limited
number
of
agricultural
sites.
Direct
measurements
redox
potential
soils
been
reported,
yet
quantifying
rapid
changes
this
variable
across
microsites
proves
inaccessible
situ.
Existing
also
fail
to
account
for
identity
reduced
or
oxidized
compounds.
Additionally,
methodological
constraints
and
researcher
bias,
particularly
focusing
on
processes
sediments,
may
impair
interpretations
anabolic
reactions
resulting
from
oxidation.Case
further
indicate
effects
nitrification,
net
mineralization,
immobilization
other
nutrients
remain
unmeasured.
As
result,
increased
denitrification
might
stimulate
reducing
nitrogen
due
increasing
carbon
storage
environments
where
reduction
predominates.Given
absence
specifically
exploring
balance
between
oxidation
relation
nutrient
availability,
assessing
magnitude
likelihood
shortcomings
based
prior
challenging.
serves
as
foundation
understanding
how
significantly
influence
dynamics
availability
larger
scales.
Future
manipulating
should
consider
factors
could
disproportionately
facilitate
reductions
before
an
eastward
shift
occurs
response
organic
matter
addition.
Addressing
these
gaps
will
enhance
their
role
stimulating
sulfide
responses.