Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1965 - 1965
Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024
Persistence
is
a
strategy
used
by
many
viruses
to
evade
eradication
the
immune
system,
ensuring
their
permanence
and
transmission
within
host
optimizing
viral
fitness.
During
persistence,
can
trigger
various
phenomena,
including
target
organ
damage,
mainly
due
an
inflammatory
state
induced
infection,
as
well
cell
proliferation
and/or
immortalization.
In
addition
evasion
chronic
inflammation,
factors
contributing
persistence
include
low-level
replication,
accumulation
of
mutants,
and,
most
importantly,
maintenance
genome
reliance
on
oncoprotein
production.
This
review
focuses
process
integration,
which
may
occur
at
different
stages
infection
(e.g.,
HBV),
during
phase
HPV,
EBV),
or
essential
part
life
cycle,
seen
in
retroviruses
(HIV,
HTLV-1).
It
also
explores
close
relationship
between
oncogenesis.
Several
models
have
been
proposed
describe
integration
process,
non-homologous
recombination,
looping,
microhomology
models.
Integration
either
randomly
specific
genomic
sites,
often
leading
destabilization.
some
cases,
results
loss
regions
impairs
regulation
oncogene
oncosuppressor
expression,
tumor
development.
Numerous
viruses
use
specialized
surface
molecules
called
fusogens
to
enter
host
cells.
Many
of
these
viruses,
including
the
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
can
infect
brain
and
are
associated
with
neurological
symptoms
through
poorly
understood
mechanisms.
We
show
that
SARS-CoV-2
infection
induces
fusion
between
neurons
glia
in
mouse
human
organoids.
reveal
this
is
caused
by
viral
fusogen,
as
it
fully
mimicked
expression
spike
(S)
protein
or
unrelated
fusogen
p15
from
baboon
orthoreovirus.
demonstrate
neuronal
a
progressive
event,
leads
formation
multicellular
syncytia,
causes
spread
large
organelles.
Last,
using
Ca
Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(10), С. 1351 - 1351
Опубликована: Май 9, 2023
The
development
of
antiretroviral
drugs
(ARVs)
was
a
great
milestone
in
the
management
HIV
infection.
ARVs
suppress
viral
activity
host
cell,
thus
minimizing
injury
to
cells
and
prolonging
life.
However,
an
effective
treatment
has
remained
elusive
for
four
decades
due
successful
immune
evasion
mechanisms
virus.
A
thorough
understanding
molecular
interaction
with
cell
is
essential
both
preventive
curative
therapies
This
review
highlights
several
inherent
that
promote
its
survival
propagation,
such
as
targeting
CD4+
lymphocytes,
downregulation
MHC
class
I
II,
antigenic
variation
envelope
complex
minimizes
antibody
access,
how
they
collaboratively
render
system
unable
mount
response.
Viruses,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(2), С. 426 - 426
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2022
In
the
current
context
of
COVID-19
pandemic,
it
appears
that
our
scientific
resources
and
medical
community
are
not
sufficiently
developed
to
combat
rapid
viral
spread
all
over
world.
A
number
viruses
causing
epidemics
have
already
disseminated
across
world
in
last
few
years,
such
as
dengue
or
chinkungunya
virus,
Ebola
other
coronavirus
families
Middle
East
respiratory
syndrome
(MERS-CoV)
severe
acute
(SARS-CoV).
The
outbreaks
these
infectious
diseases
demonstrated
difficulty
treating
an
epidemic
before
creation
vaccine.
Different
antiviral
drugs
exist.
However,
several
them
cause
side
effects
lost
their
efficiency
because
virus
mutations.
It
is
essential
develop
new
strategies,
but
ones
rely
on
more
natural
compounds
decrease
secondary
effects.
Polysaccharides,
which
come
be
known
recent
years
for
medicinal
properties,
including
activities,
excellent
alternative.
They
metabolism
plants,
microorganisms,
animals,
directly
extractible.
Polysaccharides
attracted
attention
due
therapeutic
low
toxicity,
availability,
seem
attractive
candidates
tomorrow.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(4), С. 915 - 915
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024
Human
immunodeficiency
virus
(HIV)
is
a
significant
global
health
issue
that
affects
substantial
number
of
individuals
across
the
globe,
with
total
39
million
living
HIV/AIDS.
ART
has
resulted
in
reduction
HIV-related
mortality.
Nevertheless,
medication
resistance
obstacle
management
The
unique
genetic
composition
HIV
enables
it
to
undergo
rapid
mutations
and
adapt,
leading
emergence
drug-resistant
forms.
development
drug
can
be
attributed
various
circumstances,
including
noncompliance
treatment
regimens,
insufficient
dosage,
interactions
between
drugs,
viral
mutations,
preexposure
prophylactics,
transmission
from
mother
child.
It
therefore
essential
comprehend
molecular
components
mechanisms
antiretroviral
medications
devise
efficacious
options
for
Journal of Medical Virology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
95(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2022
Abstract
Human
T‐cell
leukemia
virus
type
1
(HTLV‐1)
is
an
oncogenic
retrovirus;
whereas
HTLV‐1
mainly
persists
in
the
infected
host
cell
as
a
provirus,
it
also
causes
malignancy
called
adult
leukemia/lymphoma
(ATLL)
about
5%
of
infection.
replication
most
cases
silent
vivo
and
viral
de
novo
infection
rarely
occurs;
rather
relies
on
clonal
proliferation
T
cells
for
propagation
multiplies
number
provirus
copies.
It
mechanistically
elusive
how
leukemic
clones
emerge
during
course
eventually
cause
onset
ATLL.
This
review
summarizes
our
current
understanding
persistence
oncogenesis,
with
incorporation
recent
cutting‐edge
discoveries
obtained
by
high‐throughput
sequencing.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023
Introduction
The
Human
T-lymphotropic
virus
type
1
(HTLV-1)
was
the
first
described
human
retrovirus.
It
is
currently
estimated
that
around
5
to
10
million
people
worldwide
are
infected
with
this
virus.
Despite
its
high
prevalence,
there
still
no
preventive
vaccine
against
HTLV-1
infection.
known
development
and
large-scale
immunization
play
an
important
role
in
global
public
health.
To
understand
advances
field
we
performed
a
systematic
review
regarding
current
progress
of
Methods
This
followed
Preferred
Reporting
Items
for
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-analyses
(PRISMA®)
guidelines
registered
at
International
Prospective
Register
(PROSPERO).
search
articles
PubMed,
Lilacs,
Embase
SciELO
databases.
From
2,485
identified,
25
were
selected
according
inclusion
exclusion
criteria.
Results
analysis
these
indicated
potential
designs
available,
although
paucity
studies
clinical
trial
phase.
Discussion
Although
discovered
almost
40
years
ago,
it
remains
great
challenge
neglected
threat.
scarcity
funding
contributes
decisively
inconclusiveness
development.
data
summarized
here
intends
highlight
necessity
improve
knowledge
retrovirus,
encouraging
more
on
aiming
eliminate
registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
,
identifier
(CRD42021270412).
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(10), С. 1543 - 1543
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023
Human
T-cell
leukemia
virus
type-1
(HTLV-1)
causes
adult
leukemia/lymphoma
(ATL).
HTLV-1
carriers
have
a
lifelong
asymptomatic
balance
between
infected
cells
and
host
antiviral
immunity;
however,
5-10%
of
lose
this
develop
ATL.
Coinfection
with
Strongyloides
promotes
ATL
development,
suggesting
that
the
immunological
status
individuals
is
determinant
pathogenicity.
As
CD4+
T
play
central
role
in
immunity,
deregulation
their
function
differentiation
via
immune
evasion
cells.
During
accumulation
genetic
epigenetic
alterations
key
immunity-related
genes
further
disturbs
balance.
Various
approaches
are
available
for
treating
these
abnormalities;
hematopoietic
stem
cell
transplantation
currently
only
treatment
potential
to
cure
The
patient's
state
may
contribute
outcome.
Additionally,
activity
anti-CC
chemokine
receptor
4
antibody,
mogamulizumab,
depends
on
function,
including
antibody-dependent
cytotoxicity.
In
comprehensive
review,
we
summarize
immunopathogenesis
infection
discuss
clinical
findings
should
be
considered
when
developing
strategies
