The global patent landscape of emerging infectious disease monkeypox

BMC Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Abstract Background Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light this crisis, study aims to analyze global knowledge pattern monkeypox-related patents explore current trends future technical directions medical development monkeypox inform research policy. Methods A comprehensive 1,791 worldwide was conducted using Derwent patent database by descriptive statistics, social network method linear regression analysis. Results Since 21st century, number has increased rapidly, accompanied increases collaboration between commercial academic patentees. Enterprises contributed most quantity, whereas initial milestone filed academia. The core developments technology related include biological chemical medicine. innovations vaccines virus testing lack sufficient support portfolios. Conclusions Monkeypox-related therapeutic innovation geographically limited strong international intellectual property right barriers though it rapidly recent years. transparent licensing driven merger acquisition model, venture capital, contract organization model. Currently, thicket phenomenon field may slow progress efforts combat monkeypox. should pay more attention sharing knowledge, make full use drug repurposing strategies, promote hotspots antivirals (such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir), (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000), herbal medicine gene therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Insights into the challenging multi-country outbreak of Mpox: a comprehensive review

Journal of Medical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 72(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2023

Human monkeypox virus (hMpoxV) is of zoonotic origin and closely related to the once-dreaded smallpox virus. It largely endemic African continent but has moved out regions as sporadic clusters in past 20 years, raising concerns worldwide. Mpox characterized by a mild severe, self-limiting infection, with mortality ranging from less than 1% up 10% during different outbreaks caused clades MpoxV. Bushmeat hunting one primary reasons for its transmission animals humans. Various international national health regulatory bodies are monitoring disease have laid down guidelines manage prevent hMpox cases. Emergency Use Status been granted Tecovirimat Brincidofovir treat severe cases vaccination vaccine recommended high-risk group individuals. Strategies repurpose discover novel therapeutics vaccines control outbreak being researched. The current that mainly affected men approximately 96% all reported men, probably result complex intersection various factors. This necessitates strong One Health response coordination involving human, animal environmental institutions. review an attempt provide all-inclusive overview biology, history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis management context recent 2022–2023 multi-country which termed WHO ‘Public International Concern (PHEIC)’.

Язык: Английский

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Highlights on the Development, Related Patents, and Prospects of Lenacapavir: The First-in-Class HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multi-Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection

Medicina, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(6), С. 1041 - 1041

Опубликована: Май 28, 2023

The multidrug-resistant (MDR) human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is an unmet medical need. HIV-1 capsid plays important role at different stages of the replication cycle and attractive drug target for developing therapies against MDR infection. Lenacapavir (LEN) first-in-class inhibitor approved by USFDA, EMA, Health Canada treating This article highlights development, pharmaceutical aspects, clinical studies, patent literature, future directions on LEN-based therapies. literature this review was collected from PubMed, authentic websites (USFDA, Canada, Gilead, NIH), free database (Espacenet, USPTO, Patent scope). LEN has been developed Gilead marketed as Sunlenca (tablet subcutaneous injection). long-acting patient-compliant demonstrated a low level drug-related mutations, active infection, does not reveal cross-resistance to other anti-HIV drugs. also excellent patients having difficult or limited access healthcare facilities. established additive/synergistic effects combining with rilpivirine, cabotegravir, islatravir, bictegravir, tenofovir. may be accompanied opportunistic infections such tuberculosis (TB). associated diseases make HIV treatment complex warrant interaction studies (drug–drug, drug–food, drug–disease interaction). Many inventions aspects have claimed in literature. However, there great scope more related combination anti-HIV/anti-TB drugs single dosage form, new formulations, methods TB co-infection. Additional research provide treatments favorable pharmacokinetic parameters TB.

Язык: Английский

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The prospective outcome of the monkeypox outbreak in 2022 and characterization of monkeypox disease immunobiology

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

A new threat to global health re-emerged with monkeypox's advent in early 2022. As of November 10, 2022, nearly 80,000 confirmed cases had been reported worldwide, most them coming from places where the disease is not common. There were 53 fatalities, 40 occurring areas that never before recorded monkeypox and remaining 13 appearing regions previously disease. Preliminary genetic data suggest 2022 virus part West African clade; can be transmitted person through direct interaction lesions during sexual activity. It still unknown if via contact or, more particularly, infected body fluids. This recent epidemic's reservoir host, or principal carrier, a mystery. Rodents found Africa possible intermediate host. Instead, CDC has there are currently no particular treatments for infection 2022; however, antivirals already market successful against smallpox may mitigate spread monkeypox. To protect disease, JYNNEOS (Imvamune Imvanex) vaccine given. The slowed measures such as post-exposure immunization, tracing, improved case diagnosis isolation. Final Thoughts: latest epidemic hazard COVID-19 epidemic. prevailing condition along coinfection could pose serious clinicians lead community form coinfection.

Язык: Английский

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Modeling the Antiviral Activity of Ginkgo biloba Polyphenols against Variola: In Silico Exploration of Inhibitory Candidates for VarTMPK and HssTMPK Enzymes

Current Drug Discovery Technologies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Background:: The aim of this study is to use modeling methods estimate the antiviral activity natural molecules extracted from Ginkgo biloba for treatment variola which a zoonotic disease posing growing threat human survival. recent spread in nonendemic countries and possibility its as bioterrorism weapon have made it global once again. Therefore, search new therapies with reduced side effects necessary. Methods:: In study, we examined interactions between polyphenolic compounds biloba, plant known activity, two enzymes involved treatment, VarTMPK HssTMPK, using molecular docking. Results:: obtained docking scores showed that among 152 selected compounds; many ligands had high inhibitory potential according energy affinity. By considering Lipinski’s rules, found Liquiritin Olivil are best candidates be developed into drugs inhibit because their compared reference ligands, zero violations rules. We also ginkgolic acids good affinities HssTMPK acceptable physicochemical properties administered orally. Conclusion:: Based on Liquiritin, Olivil, interesting results both studied enzymes, indicating existence promising moderate these polyphenols possible multi-targeting. has been shown exhibit anti-inflammatory various inflammation- related diseases such skin injury, hepatic inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis. antioxidant activity. derivatives anticancer agents. Ginkgolic antimicrobial antifungal properties. However, cause allergic reactions some people. future studies should consider explore Further experimental in-vitro in-vivo required validate scale up findings.

Язык: Английский

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Rising Monkeypox Cases and Decreased Smallpox Immunity Raise Concerns of Potential Pandemic

Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(2), С. 132 - 134

Опубликована: Май 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

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An overview of the progress made in research into the Mpox virus

Medicinal Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024

Abstract Mpox is a zoonotic illness caused by the virus (MPXV), member of Orthopoxvirus family. Although few cases have been reported outside Africa, it was originally regarded as an endemic disease limited to African countries. However, outbreak 2022 remarkable in that infection spread more than 123 countries worldwide, causing thousands infections and deaths. The ongoing has declared public health emergency international concern World Health Organization. For better management control epidemic, this review summarizes research advances important scientific findings on MPXV reviewing current literature epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, prevention treatment measures, animal models MPXV. This provides useful information raise awareness about transmission, symptoms, protective measures MPXV, serving theoretical guide for relevant institutions

Язык: Английский

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Antiviral Agents: Structural Basis of Action and Rational Design

Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 745 - 784

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Estimating the Spread of Generalized Compartmental Model of Monkeypox Virus Using a Fuzzy Fractional Laplace Transform Method

Symmetry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(12), С. 2545 - 2545

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

The main objective of this work is to develop the fuzzy fractional mathematical model that will be used examine dynamics monkeypox viral transmission. proposed dynamical consists human and rodents individuals infection mathematically formulated by differential equation defined in Caputo’s sense. We provide results demonstrate existence uniqueness considered model’s solution. observe our are accurate, method applicable system ordinary equations (ODEs). Furthermore, virus has been identified as a generalization SEIQR SEI models. show keeping diseased apart from population reduces spread disease. Finally, we present brief discussions numerical simulations illustrate findings.

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive update on the monkeypox outbreak

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2022

Monkeypox (MPX) was first reported in 1970 humans and outbreaks were restricted highly localised to endemic regions of western central Africa. However, after the case UK early May, 2022, pattern epidemic spreading geographical much larger compared past, posing a risk MPX might become entrenched beyond areas. This virus is less transmissible than SARS-CoV-2, as it transmitted mainly through personal, close, often skin-to-skin contact with infectious rash, body fluids, or scabs from an individual MPX. Infections usually present chills, fever, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy. Currently, there are no antivirals approved for antiviral drug called "tecovirimat," treatment smallpox, has been made accessible treat Moreover, prevent MPX, two vaccines available which by FDA: Bavarian Nordic JYNNEOS, ACAM2000 vaccine. Contact tracing absent outbreak lack information data systems rapid manner. Additionally, test capacity needs be increased. Like global demand far exceeds availability.

Язык: Английский

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