Instant Diagnosis Using Raman Spectroscopy and Generative Adversarial Networks: A Blood‐Based Study on Seasonal Flu, COVID‐19, and Dengue

Journal of Biophotonics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Rapid detection of infectious diseases like COVID-19, flu, and dengue is crucial for healthcare professionals preparing contagious outbreaks. Given the constant mutations in viruses recurring emergence threats Nipah Zika, there an urgent demand a technology capable distinguishing between infections that share similar symptoms. In this paper, we utilize laser-based Raman scattered signals from drop dried blood plasma, combined with generative artificial intelligence, to provide rapid precise diagnosis. Our optimized model exhibits exceptional performance, yielding high predictive scores 96%, 98%, 100% dengue, respectively. The proposed spectroscopic analysis, turnaround time, can ensure near-accurate diagnosis proper quarantining highly cases. Furthermore, potential extension our method include other viral offers alternative challenge developing different diagnostic kits each disease.

Язык: Английский

---

Integrating patient metadata and pathogen genomic data: advancing pandemic preparedness with a multi-parametric simulator

BMC Research Notes, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

Stakeholder training is essential for handling unexpected crises swiftly, safely, and effectively. Functional tabletop exercises simulate potential public health using complex scenarios with realistic data. These are designed by integrating datasets that represent populations exposed to a pandemic pathogen, combining pathogen genomic data generated through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) together patient epidemiological, clinical, demographic information. However, sharing between EU member states faces challenges due disparities in collection practices, standardisation, legal frameworks, privacy, security regulations, resource allocation. In the Horizon 2020 PANDEM-2 project, we developed multi-parametric tool links metadata, enabling managers enhance customise more accurate simulations. The available as an R package: https://github.com/maous1/Pandem2simulator Shiny application: https://uclouvain-ctma.Shinyapps.io/Multi-parametricSimulator/ , facilitating rapid scenario A structured procedure, complete video tutorials exercises, was shown be effective user-friendly during session twenty participants. conclusion, this enhances pandemics preparedness contextual metadata into increased realism of these significantly improves emergency responder readiness, regardless biological incident's nature, whether natural, accidental, or intentional.

Язык: Английский

---

AI in the development of vaccines for emerging and re-emerging diseases

Salud Ciencia y Tecnología, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into vaccine development has revolutionized traditional methodologies, significantly enhancing the speed, precision, and scalability immunological research. Emerging re-emerging infectious diseases, driven by zoonotic spillovers, antimicrobial resistance, global environmental changes, pose substantial challenges. Addressing these requires innovative approaches, with AI playing a pivotal role in advancing solutions.Development: applications vaccinology include antigen detection, adjuvant optimization, immune response simulation. Deep learning algorithms streamline identification immunogenic targets conserved antigens, enabling for highly mutable pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, influenza. Case studies demonstrate AI's transformative impact, including its rapid creation mRNA vaccines COVID-19, promising antigens malaria, enhanced efficacy influenza through predictive modeling. However, challenges unequal access to technology, biases data models, ethical concerns regarding genomic privacy persist. Recommendations address barriers increasing diversity, strengthening frameworks, investing infrastructure democratize AI-driven innovations.Conclusions: ability reduce time cost, improve enable personalized immunization strategies positions it cornerstone modern vaccinology. With continued advancements equitable implementation, holds potential reshape development, pandemic preparedness, longstanding public health disparities globally.

Язык: Английский

---

Perspective Chapter: Molecular Diagnostics in Viral Outbreak Surveillance

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2025

Understanding and adopting various methods for monitoring viral outbreaks is required pathogen surveillance. Accurate diagnosis can play a significant role in the safe effective treatment prescribed. Africa remains burdened with host of infectious diseases, which challenges healthcare systems proper management diseases. Surveillance are implemented some parts that have infrastructure funding to perform routine testing screening. However, not all this continent equipped necessary tools support. With travel, tourism goods exchange, diseases spread across borders rapidly, posing threat global health, emphasising unified need efforts prevent, detect, act on disease through improved access vaccinations treatments. Effective response depends several elements, including laboratory capacity, skilled health staff, surveillance detect limit illnesses rapidly. Traditional molecular such as genotyping polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection now being complemented like next-generation sequencing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). This book chapter aims summarise current broadly describes issue climate change its impact outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

---

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants using pooled WGS

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

This study presents the development and validation of a genomic surveillance strategy using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on normalized pooled samples to detect monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants. A bioinformatics pipeline was designed specifically for analyzing WGS data validated simulated datasets, reference materials, clinical collected during key periods Delta Omicron variant emergence. The approach evaluated its accuracy in estimating abundance at both Phylogenetic Assignment Named Global Outbreak (PANGO) lineage level World Health Organization (WHO) level. From simulation method achieved an overall sensitivity 99.1% positive predictive value (PPV) 99.9% detecting variants WHO At PANGO level, it 82.8% PPV 77.4% when predicted considered accurate if shared more than 90% markers with any true present sample. estimation further materials. Analysis showed results consistent national epidemiological trends, particularly emergence Korea. WGS-based offers scalable economical solution monitoring variants, providing public health authorities valuable tool tracking pandemic dynamics enabling timely responses.

Язык: Английский

---

Genomic, socio-environmental, and sequencing capability patterns in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean up to 2023

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2025

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been one of most strongly impacted regions by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, with more than 83 million reported infections 1.7 deaths until December 2023, intensifying economic social inequalities. This study aimed to provide information regional SARS-CoV-2 surveillance programs determining genomic, socio-environmental, sequencing capacity patterns associated circulation virus in up 2023. Data from 24 countries LAC were analyzed using public databases A sampling sequences cases region enabled a phylogenomic elucidate temporal distribution various variants concern (VOCs), mutations, recombinants. Also, we identified differences capabilities LAC. Additionally, correlation generalized linear model (GLM) analyses conducted explore potential associations between 89 socio-environmental variables five COVID-19 indicators at country level. The revealed diversity predominance some during specific periods, mainly VOCs recombinant cases, mutation rate 8.39 × 10-4 substitutions per site year, which are line other world. Besides, low (on average 0.7% cases) incomplete several identified. In analysis indicators, correlations 9 four deaths, diagnostic tests related region, although not for percentages. provides about development terms viral genome, capabilities, region's complex conditions. Therefore, emphasis must be placed on implementing an integrated epidemiological approach strengthen health infrastructure improve cooperation preparedness future affecting this region.

Язык: Английский

---

Estimating the deferred value of pathogen genomic data for secondary use

Scientific Data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the utility of pathogen genomics and highlighted roadblocks to international data sharing. This article describes deferred value for secondary use using a set 10,110 assembled genomes Vibrio cholerae shared via repositories between 2010 2024 as an illustrative representation disease. Trends in quality, representativeness, timeliness sharing well increasing role microbiology services genomic providers resulting from gradually improving access sequencing technologies countries with high burden disease were identified. individual aggregated was tracked over time mapped geographical hot spots cholera. lag collection samples V. cultures submission genome database remained eight years on average. assessment described here paves way mobilization quality microbial global health knowledge discovery.

Язык: Английский

---

Strain Typing (Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Mycobacterial)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Update on the Phylodynamic and Genetic Variability of Marburg Virus

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(8), С. 1721 - 1721

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only strained healthcare systems in Africa but also intensified the impact of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Specifically Equatorial Guinea, mirroring situation other African countries, unique zoonotic outbreaks have occurred during this challenging period. One notable resurgence is Marburg virus disease (MVD), which further burdened already fragile system. re-emergence amid believed to stem from a probable spill-over, although precise transmission routes remain uncertain. Given gravity situation, addressing existing challenges paramount. Though genome sequences current outbreak were available for study, we analyzed all whole pathogen advocate shift towards active surveillance. This essential ensure successful containment any potential Guinea wider context. presents an update on phylodynamics genetic variability MARV, confirmed existence at least two distinct patterns viral spread. pattern demonstrates slower continuous recurring circulation, while exhibits faster yet limited episodic These results highlight critical need strengthen genomic surveillance region effectively curb pathogen’s dissemination. Moreover, study emphasizes importance prompt alert management, comprehensive case investigation analysis, contact tracing, searching. steps are vital support system’s response health crisis. By implementing these strategies, can better arm ourselves against posed by infectious

Язык: Английский

---

Early Detection of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variants from Urban and Rural Wastewater through Genome Sequencing and Machine Learning

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2024

Abstract Genome sequencing from wastewater has emerged as an accurate and cost-effective tool for identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, existing methods analyzing data are not designed to detect novel variants that have been characterized in humans. Here, we present unsupervised learning approach clusters co-varying time-evolving mutation patterns leading the identification of To build our model, sequenced 3,659 samples collected over a span more than two years urban rural locations Southern Nevada. We then developed multivariate independent component analysis (ICA)-based pipeline transform frequencies into sources with compared variant predictions >5,000 clinical genomes isolated Nevadans. Using source data-driven reference “barcodes”, demonstrated model’s accuracy by successfully detecting Delta late 2021, Omicron 2022, emerging recombinant XBB 2023. Our revealed spatial temporal dynamics both regions; achieved earlier detection most other computational tools; uncovered unique associated any known variant. The nature boosts statistical power can support early This feature offers opportunity pathogen detection, even absence testing.

Язык: Английский

---