PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(11), С. e1012728 - e1012728
Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024
Pathogenic
hantaviruses
are
maintained
world-wide
within
wild,
asymptomatic
rodent
reservoir
hosts,
with
increasingly
frequent
human
spillover
infections
resulting
in
severe
hemorrhagic
fever
or
cardio-pulmonary
disease.
With
no
approved
therapeutics
vaccines,
research
has,
until
recently,
focused
on
understanding
the
drivers
of
immune-mediated
pathogenesis.
An
emerging
body
work
is
now
investigating
mechanisms
that
allow
for
asymptomatic,
persistent
mammalian
hosts
highly
pathogenic
RNA
viruses.
Despite
limited
experimental
data,
several
hypotheses
have
arisen
to
explain
absent
disease
pathology
hosts.
In
this
study,
we
directly
tested
two
leading
hypotheses:
1)
host
cells
induce
a
generally
muted
response
viral
insults,
and
2)
these
viruses
employ
host-specific
innate
antiviral
antagonism
limit
immune
activation
cells.
We
demonstrate
that,
contrast
endothelial
which
mount
robust
inflammatory
hantaviruses,
primary
Norway
rat
do
not
gene
expression
infection
their
endemic
hantavirus,
Seoul
orthohantavirus
(SEOV).
Reservoir
do,
however,
strong
responses
exogenous
stimulatory
RNAs,
type
I
interferon,
Hantaan
virus,
closely
related
hantavirus
natural
reservoir.
also
find
SEOV-infected
remain
competent
induced
by
stimuli
subsequent
infection.
Importantly,
findings
support
an
alternative
model
persistence
hosts:
efficient
replication
may
prevent
exposure
critical
motifs
cellular
recognition
thus
limits
would
otherwise
result
clearance
and/or
Defining
tolerance
will
reveal
novel
strategies
countermeasures
against
zoonotic
threats.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(7), С. 1066 - 1066
Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024
In
the
aging
process,
physiological
decline
occurs,
posing
a
substantial
threat
to
physical
and
mental
well-being
of
elderly
contributing
onset
age-related
diseases.
While
traditional
perspectives
considered
maintenance
life
as
influenced
by
myriad
factors,
including
environmental,
genetic,
epigenetic,
lifestyle
elements
such
exercise
diet,
pivotal
role
symbiotic
microorganisms
had
been
understated.
Presently,
it
is
acknowledged
that
intestinal
microbiota
plays
profound
in
overall
health
signaling
both
central
peripheral
nervous
systems,
well
other
distant
organs.
Disruption
this
bidirectional
communication
between
bacteria
host
results
dysbiosis,
fostering
development
various
diseases,
neurological
disorders,
cardiovascular
cancer.
This
review
aims
delve
into
intricate
biological
mechanisms
underpinning
dysbiosis
associated
with
clinical
ramifications
dysregulation.
Furthermore,
we
aspire
explore
bioactive
compounds
endowed
functional
properties
capable
modulating
restoring
balance
aging-related
dysbiotic
process
through
epigenetics
alterations.
Biology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(4), С. 435 - 435
Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025
Multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
is
a
well-known,
chronic
autoimmune
disorder
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
involving
demyelination
and
neurodegeneration.
Research
previously
conducted
in
area
gut
microbiome
has
highlighted
it
as
critical
contributor
to
MS
pathogenesis.
Changes
commensal
microbiota,
or
dysbiosis,
have
been
shown
affect
immune
homeostasis,
leading
elevated
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
disruption
gut–brain
axis.
In
this
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
interactions
between
microbiota
MS,
especially
focusing
on
immunomodulatory
actions
such
influencing
T-cell
balance
control
metabolites,
e.g.,
short-chain
fatty
acids.
Various
microbial
taxa
(e.g.,
Prevotella
Faecalibacterium)
were
suggested
lay
protective
roles,
whereas
Akkermansia
muciniphila
was
associated
with
disease
aggravation.
Interventions
including
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT),
dietary
therapies
normalize
suppress
inflammation
are
proven
improve
clinical
benefits
patients.
Alterations
represent
opportunities
for
identifying
biomarkers
early
diagnosis,
progression
treatment
response
monitoring.
Further
studies
need
be
potentially
address
interplay
genetic
predispositions,
environmental
cues,
composition
get
precise
mechanisms
axis
MS.
conclusion,
plays
role
pathogenesis
offers
potential
novel
therapeutic
approaches,
providing
promising
avenue
improving
outcomes
management.
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 11, 2025
Abstract
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
predominant
neurodegenerative
disorder
worldwide,
with
epileptic
seizures
being
common
comorbidity
that
can
exacerbate
cognitive
deterioration
in
affected
individuals,
thus
highlighting
the
importance
of
early
therapeutic
intervention.
It
determined
deletion
Ms4a4a
,
an
AD‐associated
gene,
exacerbates
amyloid
β
(Aβ)‐driven
AD
mouse
model.
MS4A4A
significantly
upregulated
brain
lesions
patients
epilepsy.
Single‐cell
sequencing
reveals
highly
expressed
microglia
within
these
lesions,
linked
to
enhanced
phagocytic
activity.
Mechanistic
investigation
delineates
impairs
microglial
phagocytosis,
accompanied
by
diminished
calcium
influx
and
disruptions
mitochondrial
metabolic
fitness.
The
cytosolic
fragment
anchored
cytoskeletal
components,
supporting
its
critical
role
mediating
phagocytosis.
Induction
through
central
delivery
LNP‐
Il4
alleviates
seizure
conditions.
Collectively,
findings
identify
as
potential
target
for
managing
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(6), С. 3460 - 3460
Опубликована: Март 19, 2024
Theiler’s
murine
encephalomyelitis
virus
(TMEV)
infection
has
been
used
as
a
mouse
model
for
two
virus-induced
organ-specific
immune-mediated
diseases.
TMEV-induced
demyelinating
disease
(TMEV-IDD)
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
is
chronic
inflammatory
with
viral
persistence
and
an
animal
of
multiple
sclerosis
(MS)
humans.
TMEV
can
also
cause
acute
myocarditis
replication
immune
cell
infiltration
heart,
leading
to
cardiac
fibrosis.
Since
platelets
have
reported
modulate
responses,
we
aimed
determine
role
infection.
In
transcriptome
analyses
platelets,
distinct
sets
immune-related
genes,
including
major
histocompatibility
complex
(MHC)
class
I,
were
up-
or
downregulated
TMEV-infected
mice
at
different
time
points.
We
depleted
from
by
injecting
them
platelet-specific
antibodies.
The
platelet-depleted
had
significantly
fewer
antigen-positive
cells
CNS.
Platelet
depletion
reduced
severities
TMEV-IDD
myocarditis,
although
pathology
scores
did
not
reach
statistical
significance.
Immunologically,
increase
interferon
(IFN)-γ
production
higher
anti-TMEV
IgG2a/IgG1
ratio.
Thus,
may
play
roles
infection,
such
gene
expression,
clearance,
anti-viral
antibody
isotype
responses.
Epiliepsy currents/Epilepsy currents,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024
Roughly
80%
of
the
global
burden
epilepsy
resides
in
low-
and
middle-income
countries
(LMICs;
WHO,
2022).
Despite
numerous
new
therapies
for
treatment
epilepsy,
number
patients
who
remain
resistant
to
available
medications
is
unchanged.
Additionally,
no
therapy
has
yet
been
clinically
proven
prevent
or
attenuate
development
at-risk
individuals.
Unfortunately,
access
next
generation
LMICs
low,
stigma
associated
with
remains
high,
adequate
resources
Thus,
disproportionately
falls
on
such
that
strategies
conscientiously
integrate
risk
factors
into
preclinical
research
may
meaningfully
advance
21st
century
therapies.
Brain
infections
are
one
main
resource-poor
settings.
Further,
both
infection-
autoimmune-associated
encephalitis
contribute
worldwide
relatively
understudied.
For
example,
clinical
SARS
CoV-2
infection
can
induce
rare
instances
encephalopathy
acute
seizures.
Among
viruses
known
cause
brain
infection,
enteroviruses
increase
encephalitis-induced
but
not
other
neurodevelopmental
disorders
(eg,
autism
spectrum
attentional
deficit
hyperactivity
disorders).
Naturally
occurring
models
viral
infection-induced
therefore
provide
an
exquisite
opportunity
uncover
novel
contributors
epileptogenesis.
Moreover,
convergent
neuroinflammatory
pathways
autoimmune
reflect
untapped
therapeutic
reduce
epilepsy.
This
review
summarizes
latest
advances
translational
integrating
seizure
models,
tandem
progress
diagnosis
inflammation
virally
mediated
improved
awareness
shared
biological
underpinnings
epileptogenesis
following
anticipated
beneficially
impact
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2024
The
role
of
myeloid
cells
(granulocytes
and
monocytes)
in
neurodegeneration
neurodegenerative
disorders
(NDD)
is
indisputable.
Here
we
discuss
the
roles
diseases,
recent
advances
biofluid
imaging
biomarker
research
with
a
focus
on
methods
that
can
be
used
clinic.
For
this
review,
evidence
from
three
diseases
will
included,
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
multiple
sclerosis
(MS).
We
potential
for
these
biomarkers
to
humans
suspected
NDD
as
prognostic,
diagnostic,
or
monitoring
tools,
identify
knowledge
gaps
literature,
propose
approaches
further
elucidate
better
utilize
understanding
treatment
NDD.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024
Abstract
Pathogenic
hantaviruses
are
maintained
world-wide
within
wild,
asymptomatic
rodent
reservoir
hosts,
with
increasingly
frequent
human
spillover
infections
resulting
in
severe
hemorrhagic
fever
disease.
With
no
approved
therapeutics
or
vaccines,
research
has,
until
recently,
focused
on
understanding
the
drivers
of
immune-mediated
pathogenesis.
An
emerging
body
work
is
now
investigating
mechanisms
that
allow
for
asymptomatic,
persistent
mammalian
hosts
highly
pathogenic
RNA
viruses.
Despite
limited
experimental
data,
several
hypotheses
have
arisen
to
explain
absent
disease
pathology
hosts.
In
this
study,
we
directly
tested
two
leading
hypotheses:
1)
host
cells
induce
a
generally
muted
response
viral
insults,
and
2)
these
viruses
employ
host-specific
innate
antiviral
antagonism
limit
immune
activation
cells.
We
demonstrate
that,
contrast
endothelial
which
mount
robust
inflammatory
hantaviruses,
primary
Norway
rat
do
not
gene
expression
infection
their
endemic
hantavirus,
Seoul
orthohantavirus
(SEOV).
Reservoir
do,
however,
strong
responses
exogenous
stimulatory
RNAs,
type
I
interferon,
Hantaan
virus,
closely
related
hantavirus
natural
reservoir.
also
find
SEOV-infected
remain
competent
induced
by
stimuli
subsequent
infection.
Importantly,
findings
support
an
alternative
model
persistence
hosts:
efficient
replication
prevents
exposure
critical
motifs
cellular
recognition
thus
limits
would
otherwise
result
clearance
and/or
Defining
tolerance
will
reveal
novel
strategies
countermeasures
inform
rational
surveillance
programs.
Author
Summary
significant,
continual,
threat
health,
evidence
explains
underly
zoonotic
virus
natural,
Here,
investigated
whether
target
hypothesis
through
long-term
co-evolution,
actively
antagonizes
signaling
pathways
induction
prevent
While
hypotheses,
our
may
production
immune-stimulating
by-products.
The
factors
determine
reservoirs
include
use
co-factors
genome
packaging
warrant
further
investigation.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2024
The
infection
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
with
neurotropic
viruses
induces
neuroinflammation
and
an
immune
response,
which
is
associated
development
neuroinflammatory
neurodegenerative
diseases,
including
multiple
sclerosis
(MS).
activation
both
innate
adaptive
responses,
involving
microglia,
macrophages,
T
B
cells,
while
required
for
efficient
viral
control
within
CNS,
also
neuropathology.
Under
pathological
events,
such
as
CNS
infection,
microglia/macrophage
undergo
a
reactive
leading
to
infiltration
cells
from
periphery
into
brain,
disrupting
homeostasis
contributing
pathogenesis
disease.
Theiler's
murine
encephalomyelitis
virus
(TMEV)-induced
demyelination
disease
(TMEV-IDD),
serves
mouse
model
MS.
This
made
significant
contributions
our
understanding
pathophysiology
MS
following
subsequent
infection.
Microglia/macrophages
could
be
activated
two
different
states,
classic
state
(M1
state)
alternative
(M2
during
TMEV
M1
possesses
capacity
initiate
inflammatory
response
secretes
pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
M2-liked
microglia/macrophages
are
anti-inflammatory
characterized
by
secretion
cytokines.
review
aims
discuss
roles
M1/M2-liked
polarization
explore
potential
therapeutic
effect
balancing
on
