Cumulative exposure to work-related traumatic events and current post-traumatic stress disorder in New York City's first responders

Comprehensive Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 74, С. 134 - 143

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Differential Associations Among PTSD and Complex PTSD Symptoms and Traumatic Experiences and Postmigration Difficulties in a Culturally Diverse Refugee Sample

Journal of Traumatic Stress, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 31(6), С. 795 - 804

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2018

Abstract Forced migration is one of the major challenges currently facing international community. Many refugees have been affected by traumatic experiences at home and during their flight, putting them a heightened risk developing trauma‐related disorders. The new version International Classification Diseases ( ICD‐11 ) introduced two sibling disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) complex PTSD (CPTSD). So far, little known about protective factors in that are specifically associated with disturbances self‐organization (DSO) characteristic CPTSD. In this study, we aimed to investigate association between DSO symptoms experiences, postmigration difficulties, social support culturally diverse sample who resettled Switzerland. A total 94 (85.1% male; M age = 31.60 years, SD 10.14, range: 18–61 years) participated study. Trained assessors performed either guided questionnaire assessments or structured interviews. our advice‐ help‐seeking sample, 32.9% individuals suffered from 21.3% After controlling for potential gender differences, found positive associations trauma exposure, β .22, as well living .42, lack support, .22. Our findings notion it highly important consider differential among gain deeper understanding problems face.

Язык: Английский

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Epigenetic Alterations Associated with War Trauma and Childhood Maltreatment

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 33(5), С. 701 - 721

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2015

Survivors of war trauma or childhood maltreatment are at increased risk for trauma‐spectrum disorders such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, traumatic has been associated with alterations in the neuroendocrine and immune system, enhancing physical diseases. Traumatic experiences might even affect psychological well biological parameters next generation, i.e. have transgenerational effects. This article outlines how epigenetic processes, which represent a pivotal mechanism dynamic adaptation to environmental challenges, contribute explanation long‐lasting effects trauma. particular, genes regulating hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis system observed survivors adult These changes could result enduring response health risk. Furthermore, parental be transmitted generation by distress pre‐ postnatal environment, marks via germline. While research high potential advancing our understanding consequences trauma, findings interpreted caution, epigenetics only one piece complex puzzle interacting factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Язык: Английский

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The interplay between trauma, substance abuse and appetitive aggression and its relation to criminal activity among high-risk males in South Africa

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 64, С. 29 - 34

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2016

In persistently unsafe environments, the cumulative exposure to violence predicts not only development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also increased aggression and violent outbursts. Substance use disorders interact with these developments, as drug consumption may blunt symptoms reduce threshold for acts. Investigating interplay between variables possible effect abuse on attraction cruelty is a crucial step in understanding cycle developing intervention programs that address this violence-troubled communities such low-income urban areas South Africa. Young males at risk (N = 290) were recruited through reintegration center offenders Cape Town. We assessed types traumatic events experienced, PTSD symptom severity, appetitive aggression, committed offenses patterns prior perpetration violence. Path-analyses confirmed positive relationship number positively associated propensity toward aggression. Furthermore, more severe was related higher offenses. conclude like violence, play key role criminal Measures prevention psychotherapeutic interventions trauma-related suffering be effective without enduring rehabilitation.

Язык: Английский

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PTSD symptom severity relates to cognitive and psycho-social dysfunctioning – a study with Congolese refugees in Uganda

European journal of psychotraumatology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2017

Background: In the ongoing conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), civilians have been heavily exposed to traumatic stressors. Traumatizing experiences cumulatively heighten risk for trauma-related disorders, and with it affect cognitive psycho-social functioning.Objectives: We aimed at investigating association between disorders functioning hypothesized that PTSD symptom severity would negatively correlate executive functioning, working memory everyday life.Method: total, 323 Congolese refugees (mean age: 31.3 years) who arrived Ugandan Nakivale refugee settlement after January 2012 were assessed regarding their exposure events, (posttraumatic scale interview), (Tower London), performance (Corsi block tapping task) dysfunctioning (Luo scale).Results: Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant negative (β = –0.32, p < 0.001), as well functions –0.19, 0.003). Furthermore, impairment life was positively related 0.70, –0.15, However, not significantly 0.09, > 0.05).Conclusion: Trauma survivors only suffer from core symptoms but also impaired functioning. seems furthermore be Our findings suggest mental health problems may poverty lack prospect further aggravate consequences war conflict.

Язык: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analyses of the long-term efficacy of narrative exposure therapy for adults, children and perpetrators

Psychotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 31(6), С. 695 - 710

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2020

Objective: Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is a short-term trauma-focused intervention originally developed for treating survivors of war and torture. The neurobiological theoretical foundations NET would suggest that the approach should have long term beneficial effects. We tested this assumption also provided an extensive overview all studies adults, children (KIDNET), perpetrators (Forensic Offender Rehabilitation NET; FORNET).Method: Following systematic literature review, we conducted meta-analyses with had control conditions, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). assessed between-groups short- (< 6 months) long-term (≥ effect sizes symptoms posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) depression.Results: In total 56 from 30 countries comparing 1370 participants treated to 1055 controls, found large between group regarding reduction PTSD in favor NET. Analyses RCTs active controls yielded small medium short-term, long-term.Conclusions: NET, KIDNET, FORNET yield sustainable treatment results severely traumatized individuals living adverse circumstances. Studies highly health care systems other evidence-based interventions are needed.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary conserved role of neural cell adhesion molecule-1 in memory

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2020

Abstract The neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM-1) has been implicated in several brain-related biological processes, including neuronal migration, axonal branching, fasciculation, and synaptogenesis, with a pivotal role synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigated the evolutionary conserved of NCAM-1 learning memory. First, sustained changes ncam-1 expression following aversive olfactory conditioning C. elegans using molecular genetic methods. Furthermore, examined link between epigenetic signatures NCAM1 gene memory two human samples healthy individuals ( N = 568 319) traumatized 350 463). We found that induced loss function selectively impaired associative long-term memory, without causing acquisition, sensory, or short-term deficits. Reintroduction fully rescued impairment, suggesting for In parallel, DNA methylation promoter independent Swiss cohorts was associated performance. Sub-Saharan populations conflict zone survivors who had faced severe trauma, at an alternative traumatic memories. Our results support nematodes humans, might, ultimately, be helpful elucidating diagnostic markers suggest novel therapy targets memory-related disorders, like PTSD.

Язык: Английский

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Traumatic Life Events and Association With Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization Symptoms in Female Refugees

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(7), С. e2324511 - e2324511

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Importance Different types of traumatic life events have varying impacts on symptoms depression, anxiety, and somatization. For women from areas the world experiencing war humanitarian crises, who experienced cumulative trauma exposure during forced migration, it is not known whether or particular greatest impact symptoms. Objective To examine which are associated with somatization symptoms, compared amount, in a sample female refugees. Design, Setting, Participants this cross-sectional study, data were collected 2016 as part The Study Female Refugees. current analysis was conducted 2022 to 2023. This multicenter study covered 5 provinces Germany. recruited at reception centers for Women volunteered participate be interviewed after information seminars different centers. Exposure Traumatic by refugees crises. Main Outcomes Measures Demographic variables (age, country origin, religion, education, relationship status, children), adverse events, self-reported measured. Random forest regressions simultaneously examined importance these symptom scores. Follow-up exploratory mediation models tested potential associative pathways between identified importance. Results final 620 refugee (mean [SD] age, 32.34 [10.35] years), family violence most depression variable [VIM], 2.93 [0.09]), anxiety VIM, 4.15 [0.11]), 3.99 [0.15]), even though less common than other experiences, including war, accidents, hunger, lack housing. Other factors, such childhood sexual abuse, injury, near-death access health care, also important. analyses showed partial effects factors their association supporting unique understanding mental health. Conclusions Relevance findings multiple severe traumas related home countries danger encountered migration suggest that key problems. Culturally sensitive assessment treatment need place special emphasis dynamics.

Язык: Английский

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Psychopathological sequelae of female genital mutilation and their neuroendocrinological associations

BMC Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2018

Anecdotal evidence suggests the frequently traumatic nature of female genital mutilation (FGM). At present, systematic research on psychological sequelae this tradition has remained limited. The study provides preliminary, high-quality psychodiagnostic data potential psychopathological consequences FGM, with a focus posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), shutdown dissociation and other stress-related variables. We investigated convenience sample N = 167 women, supported by women's affairs headquarters in Jijiga (capital Ethiopian Somali Region) local non-governmental organization. Our main outcome measures were PTSD (PSS-I) (ShuD). also assessed depression anxiety (HSCL-25), major depression, substance abuse dependence, suicidality psychotic disorders (M.I.N.I.; sub-scales A., B., K., L.). In addition, we collected hair samples to assess cortisol concentrations (HCC) as neuroendocrinological measure. majority women endured FGM (FGM I: 36%, II/III: 52%) and, regardless level physical invasiveness, almost all reported having felt intense fear and/or helplessness. II/III, more invasive form, was associated greater vulnerability symptoms (p < .001) .001). Symptoms .05) .01) elevated. Random forest regression conditional inference trees revealed an alteration levels relation age when experienced (< 1 year) invasiveness procedure. More extensive forms are severe – particularly increased PTSD. Higher who before their first year or had indicate long-term trauma general system.

Язык: Английский

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Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in a child and an adolescent with mild to borderline intellectual disability: A multiple baseline across subjects study

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 30(S1), С. 34 - 41

Опубликована: Март 26, 2017

Background This study explored the effectiveness of eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing ( EMDR ) therapy for post‐traumatic stress disorder PTSD in persons with mild to borderline intellectual disability MBID using a multiple baseline across subjects design. Methods One child one adolescent , who met diagnostic criteria according clinical interview (i.e., ADIS ‐C section), adapted validated this target group, were offered four sessions . symptoms measured before, during after at six weeks follow‐up. Results For both participants, number decreased response treatment no longer post‐treatment. result was maintained 6‐week Conclusions The results add further support notion that can be an effective children adolescents Replication larger samples randomized controlled design is warranted.

Язык: Английский

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