The role of locally adapted mycorrhizas and rhizobacteria in plant–soil feedback systems

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 30(7), С. 1086 - 1098

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2016

Summary The plant–soil feedback ( PSF ) framework has become an important theory in plant ecology, yet many ecological and evolutionary factors that influence s have to be fully considered. Here, we discuss the importance of local adaptation among plants root‐associated fungi bacteria. Furthermore, show how inclusion optimal resource allocation OA model can help predict direction outcome under environmental change. Plants associated soil microbes co‐evolved for millennia, generating adaptations each other their environment. This co‐adaptation is likely generated by a suite multidirectional exchanges goods services plants, bacteria, constant changes above‐ground–below‐ground interactions. Resource limitation may driver organisms involved nutritional symbioses. states when essential limited, natural selection will favour taxa forage optimally adjusting biomass energy such productivity equally limited all resources. Co‐adaptation therefore respond limiting conditions through taxa‐specific transfer outcomes across range gradients as increasing drought or atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Positive predicted systems where exchange ameliorate limitation, provide another service pathogen defence. Feedback strength expected diminish resources less limiting. Negative are luxury supply populations opportunistic pathogens increase relative commensal mutualist microbes. Future, field‐based studies integrate naturally co‐occurring needed further test hypothesis availability effective predictor magnitude s. A more mechanistic understanding land managers farmers manipulate plant–microbial interactions change effectively harness beneficial symbioses nutrition control.

Язык: Английский

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Tree genetics defines fungal partner communities that may confer drought tolerance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 114(42), С. 11169 - 11174

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2017

Plant genetic variation and soil microorganisms are individually known to influence plant responses climate change, but the interactive effects of these two factors largely unknown. Using long-term observational studies in field common garden greenhouse experiments a foundation tree species (Pinus edulis) its mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) associates, we show that EMF community composition is under strong control. Seedlings acquire their seed source trees (drought tolerant vs. drought intolerant), even when exposed inoculum from alternate type. Drought-tolerant had 25% higher growth third mortality drought-intolerant over course 10 y wild, traits were also observed seedlings garden. Inoculation communities critical tolerance. grew similarly provided sterile inoculum, drought-tolerant larger than dry conditions each seedling type developed distinct community. This demonstration particular combinations genotype improve survival with especially important, given vulnerability forests around world warming drying predicted for future.

Язык: Английский

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Genomes and secretomes of Ascomycota fungi reveal diverse functions in plant biomass decomposition and pathogenesis

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2019

Abstract Background The dominant fungi in arid grasslands and shrublands are members of the Ascomycota phylum. important drivers carbon nitrogen cycling ecosystems. These play roles soil stability, plant biomass decomposition, endophytic interactions with plants. They may also form symbiotic associations biocrust components or be latent saprotrophs pathogens that live on tissues. However, their functional potential soils, where organic matter, nutrients water very low only periodically available, is poorly characterized. Results Five were isolated from different crust microhabitats rhizosphere soils around native bunchgrass Pleuraphis jamesii an grassland near Moab, UT, USA. Putative genera Coniochaeta , lichen biocrust, Embellisia cyanobacteria Chaetomium below Phoma a moss microhabitat, Aspergillus soil. grown replicate cultures sources (chitin, pine wood) relevant to sources. Secretomes produced by each substrate demonstrate these likely interact primary producers (biocrust plants) secreting wide range proteins facilitate associations. Each fungal isolates secreted enzymes degrade biomass, small effector proteins, involved either beneficial virulence. expressed more degrading when grass- pine-containing than chitin. similar numbers under all conditions, while grass-containing cultures. Conclusions This study genomes secretomes provides insights about lifestyles grassland, exact nature those interactions, whether any true endophytes, opportunistic phytopathogens, will topic future studies.

Язык: Английский

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Climate Change Impacts on Seagrass Meadows and Macroalgal Forests: An Integrative Perspective on Acclimation and Adaptation Potential

Frontiers in Marine Science, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2018

Marine macrophytes are the foundation of algal forests and seagrass meadows¬–some most productive diverse coastal marine ecosystems on planet. These provide nursery grounds food for fish invertebrates, coastline protection from erosion, carbon sequestration, nutrient fixation. For macrophytes, temperature is generally important range limiting factor, ocean warming considered severe threat among global climate change factors. induced losses dominant along their equatorial edges, as well extensions into polar regions, predicted already documented. While adaptive evolution based genetic too slow to keep pace with increasing rate anthropogenic environmental changes, rapid adaptation may come about through a set non-genetic mechanisms involving functional composition associated microbiome, epigenetic modification genome its regulatory effect gene expression activity transposable elements. research in terrestrial plants demonstrates that integration more holistic picture species' evolutionary potential, systems lagging behind. Here, we aim review potential acclimatize adapt major effects via intraspecific variation at genetic, epigenetic, microbiome levels. All three levels create phenotypic either enhance fitness within individuals (plasticity) or be subject selection ultimately, adaptation. We variations context, including physiological variation, propagation success, herbivore resistance. Integrating different plasticity, adaptability ecological models will allow obtain understanding trait realistic assessment future performance distribution macrophytes. Such multi-disciplinary approach integrates various crucial importance effective management conservation seagrasses macroalgae under change.

Язык: Английский

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The diversity and distribution of endophytes across biomes, plant phylogeny and host tissues: how far have we come and where do we go from here?

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(6), С. 2107 - 2123

Опубликована: Март 1, 2020

The interiors of plants are colonized by diverse microorganisms that referred to as endophytes. Endophytes have received much attention over the past few decades, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding patterns in their biodiversity at local global scales. To characterize research effort date, we synthesized results from ~600 published studies. Our survey revealed a interest and highlighted several gaps knowledge. For instance, 17 biomes encompassed our survey, 7 were understudied together composed only 7% studies considered. We found fungal endophyte diversity has been characterized least one host 30% embryophyte families, while bacterial endophytes surveyed hosts 10.5% families. complimented with vote counting procedure determine richness among plant tissue types. variation assemblages above-ground tissues varied growth habit. Stems richest woody plants, whereas roots graminoids. forbs, no consistent differences relative propose future directions fill knowledge uncovered inspire further research.

Язык: Английский

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How woody plants adjust above‐ and below‐ground traits in response to sustained drought

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 239(4), С. 1173 - 1189

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what adjustment whether plants can adjust sustained drought. This review focuses woody synthesises the evidence for a selection of key above-ground below-ground traits. We assess evaluating single traits, or selections traits that operate same functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) sufficient, multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, required. conclude studies adjustments might overestimate capacity drier environments if spatial along gradients used, without complementary experimental approaches. provide common traits; however, this adaptive sufficient respond future droughts remains uncertain most species. To address uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within axes below-ground) gain holistic view at whole-plant scale how these influence

Язык: Английский

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Context-dependent contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to host performance under global change factors

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 204, С. 109707 - 109707

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Beneficial microbes ameliorate abiotic and biotic sources of stress on plants

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 34(10), С. 2075 - 2086

Опубликована: Дек. 2, 2019

Abstract Global climate change and shifting land‐use are increasing plant stress due to abiotic factors such as drought, heat, salinity cold, well via the intensification of biotic stressors herbivores pathogens. The ability plants tolerate stresses is modulated by bacteria fungi that live on or inside tissues comprise microbiome. However, impacts diverse classes beneficial members microbiome contrasting impact most commonly studied independently each other. Our meta‐analysis 288 experiments across 89 studies moves beyond previous in we simultaneously compare roles bacterial versus fungal within colonize surfaces ameliorating sources stress. magnitude microbial amelioration can be measured greater proportional microbes performance more stressful environments. In examine, substantial: it 23% effect size typical 56% absence amount benefit confer differs among microbes, depending whether grown non‐stressful stress, tend benefits than do fungi. symbiotic fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal strongly ameliorate bacteria. particular, salinity, foliar herbivory pathogen These results highlight fact antagonistic components depend environmental contexts. Furthermore, critical for health environments thus present opportunities mitigate negative consequences global change. A free plain language summary found Supporting Information this article.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change influences mycorrhizal fungal–plant interactions, but conclusions are limited by geographical study bias

Ecology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 101(4)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2020

Abstract Climate change is altering the interactions among plants and soil organisms in ways that will alter structure function of ecosystems. We reviewed literature developed a map studies focused on how three most common types mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular [AM], ectomycorrhizal [EcM], ericoid [ErM] fungi) respond to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO 2 ), climatic warming, changes distribution precipitation. Broadly, we ask do climate change, these responses vary by fungal type, traits influence plant adaptation, movement, or extinction response change? First, found 92% were conducted northern hemisphere, host, ecosystem type study location only correlated with each other hemisphere because across all hemisphere. Second, show temperature rainfall variability had more variable effects than eCO structures, but context dependent. Third, while their it appears warming leads arbuscular fungi. Finally, discuss could aid adaption change. posit can buffer hosts against risk, they facilitate retard dispersal success moving away from poor environments, and, buffering host plants, enable adaptation new climates. All influences are, however, dependent finding reflects complex as group, diversity species associate variation ecosystems which reside. Overall, point out many gaps our understanding fungi, also highlight large number opportunities for researching mitigation changes.

Язык: Английский

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Diverse Mycorrhizal Associations Enhance Terrestrial C Storage in a Global Model

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 33(4), С. 501 - 523

Опубликована: Март 23, 2019

Abstract Accurate projections of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink are critical to understanding future global C cycle and setting CO 2 emission reduction goals. Current earth system models (ESMs) dynamic vegetation (DGVMs) with coupled carbon‐nitrogen cycles project that sequestration will be limited by nitrogen (N) availability, but magnitude N limitation remains a uncertainty. Plants use multiple symbiotic nutrient acquisition strategies mitigate limitation, current DGVMs omit these mechanisms. Fully coupling N‐acquiring plant‐microbe symbioses soil organic matter (SOM) cycling within DGVM for first time, we show increases in via SOM decomposition atmospheric fixation could support long‐term enhancement at scales under elevated . The model reproduced responses from two experiments (Duke Oak Ridge) representing contrasting strategies. release enhanced supported growth Duke, while inorganic depletion Ridge. Global simulations spatial patterns novel niche‐based map mycorrhizal fungi. Under 100‐ppm increase concentrations, shifts pathways facilitated 200 Pg over 100 years compared 50 scenario static pathways. Our results suggest important determinants potential nitrogen‐enabled may underestimate uptake.

Язык: Английский

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