Frontiers in Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025
Cataracts,
a
leading
cause
of
blindness
in
the
world,
are
commonly
treated
by
replacing
ocular
lens
with
an
artificial
intraocular
(IOL).
The
material
and
structure
IOL
major
factors
their
efficacy,
affecting,
among
other
characteristics,
optics
eye.
In
recent
research
record,
two
optical
properties
have
emerged
as
standardized
characterization
methods
for
optics:
(1)
transmittance
(2)
scattering.
This
mini
review
describes
these
collates
data
such
way
that
comparisons
may
be
drawn
across
four
different
types
(PMMA,
hydrophobic
acrylic,
hydrophilic
silicone)
three
conditions
(
in-vivo
,
cadaver
explant,
inventory
control).
Finally,
emerging
field
additive
manufacturing
production
is
considered.
Such
technologies
hold
promise
optimizing
IOLs
cataract
patients.
Researchers
incorporate
scattering
standard
3D-printed
developed
broader
researcher
community.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(20), С. 15352 - 15352
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2023
Ocular
diseases
profoundly
impact
patients’
vision
and
overall
quality
of
life
globally.
However,
effective
ocular
drug
delivery
presents
formidable
challenges
within
clinical
pharmacology
biomaterial
science,
primarily
due
to
the
intricate
anatomical
physiological
barriers
unique
eye.
In
this
comprehensive
review,
we
aim
shed
light
on
features
eye,
emphasizing
natural
it
administration.
Our
goal
is
provide
a
thorough
overview
various
characteristics
inherent
each
nano-based
system.
These
encompass
nanomicelles,
nanoparticles,
nanosuspensions,
nanoemulsions,
microemulsions,
nanofibers,
dendrimers,
liposomes,
niosomes,
nanowafers,
contact
lenses,
hydrogels,
microneedles,
innovative
gene
therapy
approaches
employing
techniques.
We
delve
into
biology
methodology
these
systems,
introducing
their
applications
over
past
decade.
Furthermore,
discuss
advantages
illuminated
by
recent
studies.
While
systems
for
ophthalmic
formulations
are
gaining
increasing
attention,
further
research
imperative
address
potential
safety
toxicity
concerns.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(1), С. 205 - 205
Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023
Therapeutic
proteins,
including
monoclonal
antibodies,
single
chain
variable
fragment
(ScFv),
crystallizable
(Fc),
and
antigen
binding
(Fab),
have
accounted
for
one-third
of
all
drugs
on
the
world
market.
In
particular,
these
medicines
been
widely
used
in
ocular
therapies
treatment
various
diseases,
such
as
age-related
macular
degeneration,
corneal
neovascularization,
diabetic
retinopathy,
retinal
vein
occlusion.
However,
formulation
biomacromolecules
is
challenging
due
to
their
high
molecular
weight,
complex
structure,
instability,
short
half-life,
enzymatic
degradation,
immunogenicity,
which
leads
failure
therapies.
Various
efforts
made
overcome
barriers,
providing
effective
delivery
therapeutic
altering
protein
structure
or
it
new
systems.
These
strategies
are
not
only
cost-effective
beneficial
patients
but
also
shown
allow
fewer
drug
side
effects.
this
review,
we
discuss
several
factors
that
affect
design
formulations
proteins
tissues,
use
injectable
micro/nanocarriers,
hydrogels,
implants,
iontophoresis,
cell-based
therapy,
combination
techniques.
addition,
other
approaches
briefly
discussed,
related
structural
modification
improving
bioavailability
posterior
segments
eye
without
affecting
stability.
Future
research
should
be
conducted
toward
development
more
effective,
stable,
noninvasive,
proteins.
insights
into
preclinical
clinical
translation
needed.
Hardware,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2(1), С. 1 - 32
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024
Three-dimensional
(3D)
printing
is
a
process
in
which
materials
are
added
together
layer-by-layer
manner
to
construct
customized
products.
Many
different
techniques
of
3D
exist,
vary
used,
cost,
advantages,
and
drawbacks.
Medicine
increasingly
benefiting
from
this
transformative
technology,
the
field
ophthalmology
no
exception.
The
possible
applications
eyecare
vast
have
been
explored
literature,
such
as
3D-printed
ocular
prosthetics,
orbital
implants,
educational
anatomical
models,
well
surgical
planning
training.
Novel
drug-delivery
platforms
also
emerged
because
printing,
offering
improved
treatment
modalities
for
several
pathologies.
Innovative
research
bioprinting
viable
tissues,
including
cornea,
retina,
conjunctiva,
presenting
an
avenue
regenerative
ophthalmic
therapies
future.
Although
further
development
capabilities
suitable
required,
represents
powerful
tool
enhancing
eye
health.
Abstract
Cyclosporine
A
(CsA)
is
a
cyclic
peptide
immunosuppressant
drug
that
beneficial
in
the
treatment
of
various
ocular
diseases.
However,
its
bioavailability
posterior
eye
limited
due
to
poor
aqueous
solubility.
Conventional
CsA
formulations
such
as
solution
or
emulsion
permeate
poorly
across
static
and
dynamic
barriers
eye.
Dissolvable
microneedle
(MN)-based
patches
can
be
used
overcome
barrier
properties
and,
thus,
enhance
CsA-loaded
dissolvable
MN
were
fabricated
using
polyvinylpyrrolidone
(PVP)
characterized
for
uniformity
sharpness
SEM.
Further
characterization
failure
force,
penetration
depth
analyzed
texture
analyzer.
Finally,
dissolution
time,
ex
vivo
permeation,
distribution
cyclosporine
determined
isolated
porcine
eyes.
PVP
MNs
sharp,
uniform
with
good
mechanical
properties,
dissolved
within
5
min.
Ocular
whole
perfusion
model
showed
significant
increase
levels
segment
tissues
compared
topically
applied
ophthalmic
(Restasis®)
(
P
<
0.001).
Dissolving
prepared,
arrays
deliver
back
offering
potential
treating
inflammatory
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025
Posterior
segment
ocular
diseases,
such
as
diabetic
retinopathy,
age-related
macular
degeneration,
and
retinal
vein
occlusion,
are
leading
causes
of
vision
impairment
blindness
worldwide.
Effective
management
these
conditions
remains
a
formidable
challenge
due
to
the
unique
anatomical
physiological
barriers
eye,
including
blood-retinal
barrier
rapid
drug
clearance
mechanisms.
To
address
hurdles,
nanostructured
delivery
systems
proposed
overcome
barriers,
target
retina,
enhance
permeation
while
ensuring
controlled
release.
Traditional
therapeutic
approaches,
intravitreal
injections,
pose
significant
drawbacks,
patient
discomfort,
poor
compliance,
potential
complications.
Therefore,
understanding
physiology
mechanism
eye
could
aid
in
design
novel
formulations
that
be
noninvasive
deliver
drugs
reach
site
is
pivotal
for
effective
treatment
strategies.
This
review
focuses
on
recent
advances
formulation
strategies
posterior
delivery,
highlighting
their
limitations.
Furthermore,
nanocarrier
in-situ
gel,
niosomes,
hydrogels,
dendrimers,
liposomes,
nanoparticles,
nanoemulsions
more
effectively
selectively
explored,
supplemented
with
illustrative
examples,
figures,
tables.
aims
provide
insights
into
current
state
emphasizing
need
interdisciplinary
approaches
develop
patient-centric,
minimally
invasive,
solutions.
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(7), С. 1862 - 1862
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Innovative
and
new
drug
delivery
systems
(DDSs)
have
recently
been
developed
to
vehicle
treatments
drugs
the
ocular
posterior
segment
retina.
New
formulations
technological
developments,
such
as
nanotechnology,
novel
matrices,
non-traditional
treatment
strategies,
open
perspectives
in
this
field.
The
aim
of
mini-review
is
highlight
promising
strategies
reported
current
literature
based
on
innovative
routes
overcome
anatomical
physiological
barriers
vitreoretinal
structures.
paper
also
describes
challenges
finding
appropriate
pertinent
that
provide
safety
efficacy
problems
related
patient
compliance,
acceptability,
effectiveness,
sustained
delivery.
clinical
application
these
experimental
approaches
can
help
pave
way
for
standardizing
use
DDSs
developing
enhanced
personalized
therapeutic
options
pathologies.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
197, С. 114209 - 114209
Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2024
Ocular
drug
delivery
is
challenging
due
to
the
presence
of
tissue
barriers
and
clearance
mechanisms.
Most
widely
used
topical
formulations
need
frequent
application
because
poor
permeability,
short
retention,
low
bioavailability.
Invasive
intraocular
injections
implants
that
deliver
drugs
at
target
site
are
associated
with
infections,
inflammation,
even
vision
loss
post-use.
These
gaps
can
be
addressed
by
a
platform
efficiently
minimal
damage.
Microneedles
were
introduced
as
for
overcoming
dermal
After
successful
clinical
transition
microneedles
in
transdermal
delivery,
they
now
being
extensively
studied
ocular
applications.
The
attributes
minimally
invasive
capability
wide
range
therapeutics
make
an
attractive
candidate
delivery.
current
manuscript
provides
detailed
overview
recent
advancements
field
use.
This
paper
reviews
research
focusing
on
polymeric
their
pharmaceutical
biopharmaceutical
properties.
A
brief
discussion
about
translation
regulatory
concerns
also
covered.
multitude
articles
supports
fact
potential,
ophthalmic
Microneedles
are
of
great
interest
in
diverse
fields,
including
cosmetics,
drug
delivery
systems,
chromatography,
and
biological
sensing
for
disease
diagnosis.
Self-dissolving
ultrafine
microneedles
pure
sodium
hyaluronate
hydrogels
were
fabricated
using
a
UV-curing
TiO
