Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2021

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long (lncRNAs), and circular (circRNAs), are closely related variety biological functional aspects human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss underlying regulatory mechanisms exosomes in addition, explore current knowledge on roles miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs health diseases, including cancers, metabolic neurodegenerative cardiovascular autoimmune infectious determine their potential implication biomarker identification therapeutic exploration.

Язык: Английский

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Metformin in cardiovascular diabetology: a focused review of its impact on endothelial function

Theranostics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(19), С. 9376 - 9396

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes complications. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) represents primary pathological change of multiple vascular diseases, because it causes decreased arterial plasticity, increased resistance, reduced tissue perfusion atherosclerosis. Caused by "biochemical injury", ED is also an independent predictor events. Accumulating evidence shows that metformin improves through liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5'-adenosine monophosphat-activated protein (AMPK) AMPK-independent targets, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein (PI3K-Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) 2 (KLF2). Evaluating effects on cell functions would facilitate our understanding therapeutic potential diabetology (including its complications). This article reviews physiological cells intact endothelium, latest research related complications, focuses mechanism action regulating functions.

Язык: Английский

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A Review: The Significance of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4, and NF-κB Signaling in Endothelial Cells during Atherosclerosis

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease that begins with endothelial activation followed by series of responses, plaque formation, and finally rupture. An early event in dysfunction the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) cells (ECs) play an essential role recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated (DAMPs), lifestyle-associated (LAMPs). Activation canonical NF-κB pathway stimulates expression cytokines, chemokines, array additional genes which activate amplify AS-associated responses. In this review, we discuss involvement TLR2/4 ECs during AS initiation, as well regulation response noncoding RNAs, especially microRNA (miRNA) circular RNA (circRNA).

Язык: Английский

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CircHIPK3 targets DRP1 to mediate hydrogen peroxide-induced necroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Necroptosis triggered by H2O2 is hypothesized to be a critical factor in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, which may precipitate acute cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, specific regulatory molecules this development remain unclear. We aims elucidate mechanism from perspective circular RNA. There are few studies on circRNA VSMCs necroptosis. The objective our research shed light intricate roles that circHIPK3 plays process necroptosis and plaques prone rupture. Our study elucidates molecular mechanisms regulates vulnerable plaque formation through targeted proteins. Identifying at cellular level offers framework for understanding progression stability regulation, as well potential biomarker prognosis susceptible plaques. collected clinical vascular tissue HE staining Masson determine presence Then, NCBI database was used screen out with elevated expression tissue, up-regulated circRNA, circHIPK3, verified qRT-PCR FISH. Further, we synthesized circHIPK3′s small interference sequence overexpressed plasmid vitro, its regulation effect under physiological pathological conditions WB, PI staining. Through RNA pull down, mass spectrometry immunoprecipitation, DRP1 identified binding protein positively regulated circHIPK3. Meanwhile, basis silencing DRP1, mediated DRP1. Finally, validated ApoE-/- mice. investigated highly expressed increase promoted induced VSMCs. CircHIPK3 leading an elevation mitochondrial division rate, resulting increased reactive oxygen species impaired function, ultimately formation. interact involve Mitochondrial damage VSMCs, Silencing vivo can reduce findings have applications providing diagnostic biomarkers

Язык: Английский

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Circular RNAs and Their Role in Exosomes

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2022

As a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, circular (circRNAs) are highly conserved and stable covalently closed ring structures with no 5′-end cap or 3′-end poly(A) tail. CircRNAs formed by reverse splicing, mainly means noose structure intron complementary pairing. Exosomes tiny discoid vesicles diameter 40-100 nm that secreted cells under physiological pathological conditions. play an important role cell-cell communication carrying DNA, microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological functions circRNAs exosomes, further reveal potential roles exosomal different diseases, providing scientific basis for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis wide variety diseases.

Язык: Английский

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CircRNA in ocular neovascular diseases: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 197, С. 106946 - 106946

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

Ocular neovascular disease (OND), characterized by the aberrant formation of immature blood vessels, is leading cause vision impairment and blindness. It important to find effective ways diagnose treat these diseases. Circular RNA (circRNA) a group endogenous non-coding that play crucial role in regulating different biological processes. Due their close association with ocular angiogenesis, circRNAs have become hotspot OND research. In this review, we intensively investigate possibility using management ONDs. general, angiogenesis divided into five phases. On basis steps, describe potential introducing how they regulate angiogenesis. Subsequently, interactions between ONDs, including pterygium, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy prematurity, are analyzed detail. We also introduce use as diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, summarize prospects strategy management. The gaps recent research pointed out purpose promoting introduction clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes From IgE-Stimulated Mast Cells Aggravate Asthma-Mediated Atherosclerosis Through circRNA CDR1as-Mediated Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

IgE has been known for mediating endothelial cell dysfunction and mast (MC) activation to fuel asthma-aggravated high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis. However, it remains unclear the mechanism of asthma-mediated atherosclerosis, especially potential involvement in exacerbation atherosclerosis with a standard laboratory diet, cross talk between cells MCs.

Язык: Английский

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Tackling exosome and nuclear receptor interaction: an emerging paradigm in the treatment of chronic diseases

Military Medical Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Abstract Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as crucial transcription factors in orchestrating essential functions within the realms of development, host defense, and homeostasis body. NRs have garnered increased attention due to their potential therapeutic targets, with drugs directed at demonstrating significant efficacy impeding chronic disease progression. Consequently, these pharmacological agents hold promise for treatment management various diseases. Accumulating evidence emphasizes regulatory role exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) inflammation, progression, therapy resistance, primarily by modulating factors, particularly NRs. By exploiting inflammatory pathways such protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), signal transducer activator 3 (STAT3), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, exosomes play a pivotal panorama physiology, pathology. The internalization modulates initiates diverse autocrine or paracrine signaling cascades, influencing processes recipient cells survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, cellular defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review meticulously examines involvement exosome-mediated NR regulation pathogenesis ailments, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases, respiratory conditions. Additionally, it elucidates molecular intricacies communication between via NRs, leading immunomodulation. Furthermore, outlines implications exosome-modulated prophylaxis delineates current limitations, provides insights into future perspectives. also presents existing on components emergence resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Circular RNAs in Ischemic Stroke: Biological Role and Experimental Models

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(2), С. 214 - 214

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2023

Ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Despite recent progress in management acute ischemic stroke, timely intervention still represents a challenge. Hence, strategies to counteract brain injury during around event are lacking, also due limited knowledge underlying mechanisms. increasing understanding complex pathophysiology injury, some relevant pieces information required, particularly regarding fine modulation biological processes. In this context, there emerging evidence that circular RNAs, class highly conserved non-coding RNA with closed-loop structure, involved pathophysiological processes behind unveiling number potential therapeutic targets possible clinical biomarkers. This paper aims provide comprehensive overview experimental studies on role RNAs stroke.

Язык: Английский

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Circular RNAs in atherosclerosis

Clinica Chimica Acta, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 531, С. 71 - 80

Опубликована: Март 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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