Pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 among female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact globally, yet African populations exhibited unexpectedly lower rates of disease and mortality. We investigated the potential role pre-existing immunity in shaping epidemiology Africa. Methods Plasma collected from Senegalese female sex workers prior to was screened for SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by virion immunoblots. For antibody-reactive plasma, paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated fusion proteins IFN- γ cellular responses assessed via ELISPOT. Results observed substantial levels cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2, stemming exposure seasonal hCoVs. Our antibody analysis revealed 23.5% (47/200) seroprevalence rate against nucleocapsid (N). These samples then probed hCoV spike (S) and/or N antigens; 85.1% (40/47), 70.2% (33/47), 95.7% (45/47) reactive hCoV-229E, hCoV-OC43, or hCoV-HKU1, respectively. also demonstrated cross-reactivity with 80.0% (36/45) 82.2% (37/45) showing S N, A unique pre-pandemic subject detectable neutralization responses. Conclusion findings suggest that may induce adaptive immunity, potentially contributing protection COVID-19. study provides data on dynamics Senegal underscores importance understanding outcomes globally.

Язык: Английский

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Subclinical SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Endemic Human Coronavirus Immunity Shape SARS-CoV-2 Saliva Antibody Responses

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

SUMMARY This study characterized antibody responses induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in saliva. Utilizing multiplex microsphere-based immunoassays, we measured saliva anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG, IgA, secretory IgA 1,224 samples collected from healthcare workers the Prospective Assessment of Seroconversion between August 2020 through December 2022. By spring 2022, most individuals had detectable spike-specific antibodies Longitudinal measurements nucleocapsid IgG revealed that detected was driven subclinical clinically-evident infections, rather than alone. In contrast, strongly exhibited improved durability with hybrid immunity. Baseline levels to endemic human coronaviruses positively correlated post-vaccination levels. provides insights for development vaccines generate mucosal respiratory pathogens. HIGHLIGHTS Saliva anti-spike were present > 90% participants 2022 clinically evident infections alone a weak inducer HCoV immunity correlates post-vaccine

Язык: Английский

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West African pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact globally, yet African populations exhibited unexpectedly lower rates of disease and mortality. We investigated the potential role pre-existing immunity in shaping epidemiology Africa. Leveraging paired plasma peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from Senegalese female sex workers prior to pandemic, we observed substantial levels cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2, stemming exposure seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs). Our antibody analysis revealed 23.5% (47/200) seroprevalence rate against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N). Of these N-reactives, 85.1% (40/47), 44.7% (21/47), 95.7% (45/47) showed reactivity hCoV-229E or hCoV-OC43 spike (S) and/or N hCoV-HKU1 S. cellular responses also demonstrated cross-reactivity with 82.2% (37/45) 84.4% (38/45) showing IFN-γ S N, respectively. These findings suggest that hCoV may induce adaptive immunity, potentially contributing protection COVID-19. A unique pre-pandemic subject antibodies detectable neutralization responses. study provides insights into dynamics West underscores importance understanding outcomes globally.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in a sample of the Lithuanian population-based study in Spring 2023

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(8), С. e29343 - e29343

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

ObjectivesDespite positive trends in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, seroprevalence surveys remain an important tool for estimating the magnitude of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate prevalence IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins a sample Lithuanian population (N = 517) evaluate how pattern seropositivity correlates with levels infection vaccination.MethodsStudy participants (aged 18–88 years) filled questionnaire self-reporting their demographic-social variables, health status, SARS-CoV-2-related status. The anti-S anti-N were estimated using microarray ELISA test.ResultsAfter several pandemic waves vaccination campaign, SARS-CoV-2-specific analyzed was 97.87 % by March–May 2023. We determined 96.91 58.03 IgG. majority (71.18 %) had hybrid immunity induced infection. 20.3 without reporting any previous symptoms or test. A decline positivity within 9 months after observed.ConclusionsThis demonstrates high total 2023 all age groups indicating widely established humoral Lithuania.

Язык: Английский

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Immune imprinting revealed by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection prior to vaccination

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Immune imprinting or original antigenic sin (OAS) originally referred to a phenomenon of suboptimal immune response repeat exposure virus that was antigenically distinct from the infection. OAS has been implicated in higher mortality young people during 2009-10 H1N1 pandemic where elderly (H1N1 childhood) appeared relatively well protected compared younger individuals whose first influenza infection not H1N1. is part rapid recall system and highly effective against slowly evolving (drifting) but shifting viruses such as SARS CoV-2. As predicted by OAS, neutralization responses divergent SARS-COV-2 lineage Omicron have observed animal models previously vaccinated with primary course ancestral (Wu-1) vaccine. Due scale up vaccine before emergence variant, it unknown whether immunological for occurs context itself. We longitudinally assessed humoral two dose Ad26.COV2.S Wu-hu-1 based vaccination Nigerian population following global Omicron. At study entry Jan 2023, we found 93% 58% pre-vaccination participants exposed Wu-1 respectively anti-N IgG anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) -specific antibodies. In no evidence prior Omicron, neutralisation significantly than variants expected. However, serum titres who were anti-RBD positive paradoxically 2-fold lower BA.1 Wu-1. This clear imprinted immunity pre-omicron viruses, remarkably these old able dominate over more recent, likely multiple, infections. Furthermore, imprinting, further associated boosting across equalisation variants. omicron did surpass responses, suggesting persistence only partial mitigation. Although at high post 1 BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 nearly all participants, evasive XBB recombinant variant remained substantially lower, second providing very modest boosting. These data highlight SARS-CoV-2 its thereafter. present day unvaccinated populations pre-Omicron dominate, use an should be used preference override provide broader protection vulnerable those compromised immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in wet market workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2022

IJID Regions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14, С. 100497 - 100497

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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