Full-volatility emission framework corrects missing and underestimated secondary organic aerosol sources

One Earth, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 5(4), С. 403 - 412

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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More mileage in reducing urban air pollution from road traffic

Environment International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 149, С. 106329 - 106329

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2021

Road traffic emissions are considered a major contributor to urban air pollution, but clean actions have led huge reduction in per vehicle. This raises pressing question on the potential further reduce road improve quality. Here, we analysed ~11 million real-world data estimate contribution of roadside and concentrations for several cities. Our results confirm that remains dominant source nitrogen dioxide significant primary coarse particulate matter European However, it now represents relatively small component overall PM2.5 at background locations cities with strong controls (including Beijing) many sites will exceed WHO guideline (10 μg m−3 annual mean) even when this is eliminated. suggests emissions, including transition battery-electric fleet, needed NO2 concentrations, limited benefit concentration fine particles, except countries where use diesel particle filters not mandatory. There substantial differences between optimal solution differ from one another.

Язык: Английский

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Efficacy of China’s clean air actions to tackle PM2.5 pollution between 2013 and 2020

Nature Geoscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Criteria pollutant impacts of volatile chemical products informed by near-field modelling

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 4(2), С. 129 - 137

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Simulation of organic aerosol formation during the CalNex study: updated mobile emissions and secondary organic aerosol parameterization for intermediate-volatility organic compounds

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(7), С. 4313 - 4332

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2020

Abstract. We describe simulations using an updated version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality model 5.3 (CMAQ v5.3) to investigate contribution intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) secondary aerosol (SOA) formation in southern California during CalNex study. first derive a model-ready parameterization for SOA from IVOC emissions mobile sources. To account both diesel and gasoline sources, has six lumped precursor species that resolve volatility molecular structure (aromatic versus aliphatic). also implement new mobile-source emission profiles quantify all IVOCs based on direct measurements. The have been released SPECIATE 5.0. By incorporating comprehensive semivolatile (SVOCs) experimentally constrained yields, this CMAQ configuration best represents sources urban regional ambient (OA). In Los Angeles region, emit 4 times more non-methane gases (NMOGs) than but emits roughly 3 absolute basis. revised predicts (including on- off-road gasoline, aircraft, diesel) contribute ∼1 µg m−3 daily peak concentration Pasadena. This ∼70 % increase predicted compared base CMAQ. Therefore, almost as much traditional precursors such single-ring aromatics. However, accounting these does not reproduce measurements either or IVOCs. potential other we performed two exploratory with varying amounts nonmobile close mass balance primary hydrocarbon IVOCs, would need 12 NMOG (or equivalently 30.7 t d−1 Angeles–Pasadena region), value is well within reported range content volatile chemical products. explain mildly oxygenated Pasadena, additional 14.8 nonmobile-source be (assuming yields apply IVOCs). IVOC-to-NMOG ratio 26.8 68.5 region) likely unrealistically high. Our results highlight important production region underscore uncertainties must addressed (multigenerational aging, aqueous chemistry vapor wall losses) balance. research highlights effectiveness regulations reduce emissions, which turn increased relative importance

Язык: Английский

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Reactive organic carbon emissions from volatile chemical products

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(6), С. 5079 - 5100

Опубликована: Март 31, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are an increasingly important source of anthropogenic reactive organic carbon (ROC) emissions. Among these sources everyday items, such as personal care products, general cleaners, architectural coatings, pesticides, adhesives, and printing inks. Here, we develop VCPy, a new framework to model emissions from VCPs throughout the United States, including spatial allocation regional local scales. Evaporation species VCP mixture in VCPy is function compound-specific physiochemical properties that govern volatilization timescale relevant for product evaporation. We introduce two terms describe processes: evaporation use timescale. Using this framework, predicted national per capita 9.5 kg person year (6.4 C year) 2016, which translates 3.05 Tg (2.06 C), making dominant States. Uncertainty associated with sensitivity select parameters were characterized through Monte Carlo analysis, resulting 95 % confidence interval 2016 2.61-3.53 (1.76-2.38 C). This nationwide total broadly consistent U.S. EPA's 2017 National Emission Inventory (NEI); however, county-level categorical estimates can differ substantially NEI values. predicts higher than approximately half all counties, 5 counties having greater 55 Categorically, application yields (150 %) paints coatings (25 when compared NEI, whereas pesticides (-54 inks (-13 feature lower An observational evaluation indicates key reproduced high fidelity using (normalized mean bias -13 r =0.95). Sector-wide, effective secondary aerosol yield maximum incremental reactivity 5.3 by mass 1.58 gO3 g-1, respectively, indicating important, likely date underrepresented, pollution urban environments.

Язык: Английский

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Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(24), С. 18247 - 18261

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly-used consumer and industrial items that an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant time scales include many species secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly intermediate volatility (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend underpredict SOA concentrations urban areas. Here we develop a model represent formation VCP The incorporates new emissions inventory employs three classes emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, nonoxygenated IVOCs. estimated produce 1.67 μg m-3 noontime doubling current predictions reducing mass concentration bias -75% -58% when compared observations Los Angeles 2010. While emitted similar quantities, is dominated by Formaldehyde show relationships temperature signatures indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests contribute up half must better precursors predict enhancement SOA.

Язык: Английский

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Volatile Chemical Product Enhancements to Criteria Pollutants in the United States

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 56(11), С. 6905 - 6913

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are a significant source of reactive organic carbon emissions in the United States with substantial fraction (>20% by mass) serving as secondary aerosol (SOA) precursors. Here, we incorporate new nationwide VCP inventory into Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model VCP-specific updates to better air quality impacts. Model results indicate that VCPs mostly enhance anthropogenic SOA densely populated areas population-weighted annual average increasing 15–30% Southern California and New York City due (contribution 0.2–0.5 μg m–3). Annually, total PM2.5 ∼5% California, ∼3% York, Jersey, Connecticut, 1–2% most other states. While maximum daily 8 h ozone enhancements from more modest, their influence can cause several ppb increase on select days major cities. Printing Inks, Cleaning Products, Paints Coatings product use categories contribute ∼75% modeled VCP-derived Coatings, Personal Care Products ∼81% ozone. Overall, multiple criteria pollutants throughout largest impacts urban cores.

Язык: Английский

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The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.3.2

Geoscientific model development, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 14(6), С. 3407 - 3420

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2021

Abstract. Air quality modeling for research and regulatory applications often involves executing many emissions sensitivity cases to quantify impacts of hypothetical scenarios, estimate source contributions, or uncertainties. Despite the prevalence this task, conventional approaches perturbing in chemical transport models like Community Multiscale Quality (CMAQ) model require extensive offline creation finalization alternative input files. This workflow is time-consuming, error-prone, inconsistent among users, difficult document, dependent on increased hard disk resources. The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, Diagnostic (DESID) module, a component CMAQv5.3 beyond, addresses these limitations by performing modifications online during air simulation. Further, contains an Emission Control Interface which allows users prescribe both simple highly complex scaling operations with control over individual multiple species, sources, spatial areas interest. DESID further enhances transparency its error-checking optional gridded output processed emission fields. These new features are high value including routine perturbation studies, atmospheric chemistry research, coupling external (e.g., energy system models, reduced-form models).

Язык: Английский

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Human-Health Impacts of Controlling Secondary Air Pollution Precursors

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(2), С. 96 - 101

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2022

Exposure to ozone and fine particle (PM2.5) air pollution results in premature death. These pollutants are predominantly secondary nature can form from nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur (SOX), volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Predicted health benefits for emission reduction scenarios often incompletely account VOCs as precursors well the aerosol (SOA) component of PM2.5. Here, we show that anthropogenic VOC reductions more than twice effective equivalent fractional SOX or NOX at reducing pollution-associated cardiorespiratory mortality United States. A 25% emissions 2016 levels is predicted avoid 13,000 deaths per year, most (85%) VOC-reduction result reduced SOA with remainder ozone. While (-5.7 ± 0.2 % yr-1) (-12 1 have declined precipitously across U.S. since 2002, (-1.8 0.3 concentrations non-methane carbon (-2.4 1.0 changed less. This work indicates preferentially controlling could yield significant human health.

Язык: Английский

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