Detailed Speciation of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaust Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Euro 5 Vehicles Using Online and Offline Measurements DOI Creative Commons
Baptiste Marques, Evangelia Kostenidou,

Alvaro Martinez Valiente

et al.

Toxics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 184 - 184

Published: April 8, 2022

The characterization of vehicle exhaust emissions volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential to estimate their impact on the formation secondary aerosol (SOA) and, more generally, air quality. This paper revises and updates non-methane (NMVOCs) tailpipe three Euro 5 vehicles during Artemis cold urban (CU) motorway (MW) cycles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis carried out for first time proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) datasets vehicular emission. Statistical helped associate emitted VOCs specific driving conditions, such as start vehicles, activation catalysts, or engine combustion regimes. Merged PTR-ToF-MS automated thermal desorption gas chromatography (ATD-GC-MS) provided an exhaustive description NMVOC emission factors (EFs) thus helping identify quantify up 147 individual compounds. In general, CU cycle exceed those MW cycle. gasoline direct injection (GDI) exhibits highest EF both cycles (252 15 mg/km), followed by port-fuel (PFI) (24 0.4 finally diesel (15 3 mg/km). For all are dominated unburnt fuel incomplete products. Diesel mostly represented oxygenated (65%) aliphatic hydrocarbons (23%) C22, while GDI PFI composed monoaromatics (68%) alkanes (15%). Intermediate volatility (IVOCs) range from 2.7 13% emissions, comprising essentially linear vehicle, naphthalene accounts 42% IVOC fraction vehicles. work demonstrates that PMF GC-MS provide a revised deep enrich current inventories.

Language: Английский

Full-volatility emission framework corrects missing and underestimated secondary organic aerosol sources DOI Creative Commons
Xing Chang, Bin Zhao, Haotian Zheng

et al.

One Earth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 403 - 412

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

120
More mileage in reducing urban air pollution from road traffic DOI Creative Commons
Roy M. Harrison, Tuan V. Vu, Hanan A. Jafar

et al.

Environment International, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 106329 - 106329

Published: Feb. 7, 2021

Road traffic emissions are considered a major contributor to urban air pollution, but clean actions have led huge reduction in per vehicle. This raises pressing question on the potential further reduce road improve quality. Here, we analysed ~11 million real-world data estimate contribution of roadside and concentrations for several cities. Our results confirm that remains dominant source nitrogen dioxide significant primary coarse particulate matter European However, it now represents relatively small component overall PM2.5 at background locations cities with strong controls (including Beijing) many sites will exceed WHO guideline (10 μg m−3 annual mean) even when this is eliminated. suggests emissions, including transition battery-electric fleet, needed NO2 concentrations, limited benefit concentration fine particles, except countries where use diesel particle filters not mandatory. There substantial differences between optimal solution differ from one another.

Language: Английский

Citations

105
Efficacy of China’s clean air actions to tackle PM2.5 pollution between 2013 and 2020 DOI
Guannan Geng, Yuxi Liu, Yang Liu

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Criteria pollutant impacts of volatile chemical products informed by near-field modelling DOI
Momei Qin, Benjamin N. Murphy, Kristin Isaacs

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 129 - 137

Published: Oct. 5, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

128
Simulation of organic aerosol formation during the CalNex study: updated mobile emissions and secondary organic aerosol parameterization for intermediate-volatility organic compounds DOI Creative Commons

Quanyang Lu,

Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 4313 - 4332

Published: April 14, 2020

Abstract. We describe simulations using an updated version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality model 5.3 (CMAQ v5.3) to investigate contribution intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) secondary aerosol (SOA) formation in southern California during CalNex study. first derive a model-ready parameterization for SOA from IVOC emissions mobile sources. To account both diesel and gasoline sources, has six lumped precursor species that resolve volatility molecular structure (aromatic versus aliphatic). also implement new mobile-source emission profiles quantify all IVOCs based on direct measurements. The have been released SPECIATE 5.0. By incorporating comprehensive semivolatile (SVOCs) experimentally constrained yields, this CMAQ configuration best represents sources urban regional ambient (OA). In Los Angeles region, emit 4 times more non-methane gases (NMOGs) than but emits roughly 3 absolute basis. revised predicts (including on- off-road gasoline, aircraft, diesel) contribute ∼1 µg m−3 daily peak concentration Pasadena. This ∼70 % increase predicted compared base CMAQ. Therefore, almost as much traditional precursors such single-ring aromatics. However, accounting these does not reproduce measurements either or IVOCs. potential other we performed two exploratory with varying amounts nonmobile close mass balance primary hydrocarbon IVOCs, would need 12 NMOG (or equivalently 30.7 t d−1 Angeles–Pasadena region), value is well within reported range content volatile chemical products. explain mildly oxygenated Pasadena, additional 14.8 nonmobile-source be (assuming yields apply IVOCs). IVOC-to-NMOG ratio 26.8 68.5 region) likely unrealistically high. Our results highlight important production region underscore uncertainties must addressed (multigenerational aging, aqueous chemistry vapor wall losses) balance. research highlights effectiveness regulations reduce emissions, which turn increased relative importance

Language: Английский

Citations

91
Reactive organic carbon emissions from volatile chemical products DOI Creative Commons
Karl M. Seltzer, Elyse A. Pennington, Venkatesh Rao

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 5079 - 5100

Published: March 31, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are an increasingly important source of anthropogenic reactive organic carbon (ROC) emissions. Among these sources everyday items, such as personal care products, general cleaners, architectural coatings, pesticides, adhesives, and printing inks. Here, we develop VCPy, a new framework to model emissions from VCPs throughout the United States, including spatial allocation regional local scales. Evaporation species VCP mixture in VCPy is function compound-specific physiochemical properties that govern volatilization timescale relevant for product evaporation. We introduce two terms describe processes: evaporation use timescale. Using this framework, predicted national per capita 9.5 kg person year (6.4 C year) 2016, which translates 3.05 Tg (2.06 C), making dominant States. Uncertainty associated with sensitivity select parameters were characterized through Monte Carlo analysis, resulting 95 % confidence interval 2016 2.61-3.53 (1.76-2.38 C). This nationwide total broadly consistent U.S. EPA's 2017 National Emission Inventory (NEI); however, county-level categorical estimates can differ substantially NEI values. predicts higher than approximately half all counties, 5 counties having greater 55 Categorically, application yields (150 %) paints coatings (25 when compared NEI, whereas pesticides (-54 inks (-13 feature lower An observational evaluation indicates key reproduced high fidelity using (normalized mean bias -13 r =0.95). Sector-wide, effective secondary aerosol yield maximum incremental reactivity 5.3 by mass 1.58 gO3 g-1, respectively, indicating important, likely date underrepresented, pollution urban environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

88
Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from volatile chemical products DOI Creative Commons
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy

et al.

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(24), P. 18247 - 18261

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly-used consumer and industrial items that an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant time scales include many species secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly intermediate volatility (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend underpredict SOA concentrations urban areas. Here we develop a model represent formation VCP The incorporates new emissions inventory employs three classes emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, nonoxygenated IVOCs. estimated produce 1.67 μg m-3 noontime doubling current predictions reducing mass concentration bias -75% -58% when compared observations Los Angeles 2010. While emitted similar quantities, is dominated by Formaldehyde show relationships temperature signatures indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests contribute up half must better precursors predict enhancement SOA.

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Volatile Chemical Product Enhancements to Criteria Pollutants in the United States DOI Creative Commons
Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Elyse A. Pennington

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(11), P. 6905 - 6913

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are a significant source of reactive organic carbon emissions in the United States with substantial fraction (>20% by mass) serving as secondary aerosol (SOA) precursors. Here, we incorporate new nationwide VCP inventory into Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model VCP-specific updates to better air quality impacts. Model results indicate that VCPs mostly enhance anthropogenic SOA densely populated areas population-weighted annual average increasing 15–30% Southern California and New York City due (contribution 0.2–0.5 μg m–3). Annually, total PM2.5 ∼5% California, ∼3% York, Jersey, Connecticut, 1–2% most other states. While maximum daily 8 h ozone enhancements from more modest, their influence can cause several ppb increase on select days major cities. Printing Inks, Cleaning Products, Paints Coatings product use categories contribute ∼75% modeled VCP-derived Coatings, Personal Care Products ∼81% ozone. Overall, multiple criteria pollutants throughout largest impacts urban cores.

Language: Английский

Citations

61
The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, and Diagnostic (DESID) module in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.3.2 DOI Creative Commons
Benjamin N. Murphy, Christopher G. Nolte, Fahim I. Sidi

et al.

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 3407 - 3420

Published: June 7, 2021

Abstract. Air quality modeling for research and regulatory applications often involves executing many emissions sensitivity cases to quantify impacts of hypothetical scenarios, estimate source contributions, or uncertainties. Despite the prevalence this task, conventional approaches perturbing in chemical transport models like Community Multiscale Quality (CMAQ) model require extensive offline creation finalization alternative input files. This workflow is time-consuming, error-prone, inconsistent among users, difficult document, dependent on increased hard disk resources. The Detailed Emissions Scaling, Isolation, Diagnostic (DESID) module, a component CMAQv5.3 beyond, addresses these limitations by performing modifications online during air simulation. Further, contains an Emission Control Interface which allows users prescribe both simple highly complex scaling operations with control over individual multiple species, sources, spatial areas interest. DESID further enhances transparency its error-checking optional gridded output processed emission fields. These new features are high value including routine perturbation studies, atmospheric chemistry research, coupling external (e.g., energy system models, reduced-form models).

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Human-Health Impacts of Controlling Secondary Air Pollution Precursors DOI
Havala O. T. Pye, K. Wyat Appel, Karl M. Seltzer

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 96 - 101

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Exposure to ozone and fine particle (PM2.5) air pollution results in premature death. These pollutants are predominantly secondary nature can form from nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur (SOX), volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Predicted health benefits for emission reduction scenarios often incompletely account VOCs as precursors well the aerosol (SOA) component of PM2.5. Here, we show that anthropogenic VOC reductions more than twice effective equivalent fractional SOX or NOX at reducing pollution-associated cardiorespiratory mortality United States. A 25% emissions 2016 levels is predicted avoid 13,000 deaths per year, most (85%) VOC-reduction result reduced SOA with remainder ozone. While (-5.7 ± 0.2 % yr-1) (-12 1 have declined precipitously across U.S. since 2002, (-1.8 0.3 concentrations non-methane carbon (-2.4 1.0 changed less. This work indicates preferentially controlling could yield significant human health.

Language: Английский

Citations

51