Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
37(2)
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
SUMMARYThis
narrative
review
and
meta-analysis
summarizes
a
broad
evidence
base
on
the
benefits-and
also
practicalities,
disbenefits,
harms
personal,
sociocultural
environmental
impacts-of
masks
masking.
Our
synthesis
of
from
over
100
published
reviews
selected
primary
studies,
including
re-analyzing
contested
meta-analyses
key
clinical
trials,
produced
seven
findings.
First,
there
is
strong
consistent
for
airborne
transmission
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
other
pathogens.
Second,
are,
if
correctly
consistently
worn,
effective
in
reducing
diseases
show
dose-response
effect.
Third,
respirators
are
significantly
more
than
medical
or
cloth
masks.
Fourth,
mask
mandates
overall,
community
Fifth,
important
symbols;
non-adherence
to
masking
sometimes
linked
political
ideological
beliefs
widely
circulated
mis-
disinformation.
Sixth,
while
much
that
not
generally
harmful
general
population,
may
be
relatively
contraindicated
individuals
with
certain
conditions,
who
require
exemption.
Furthermore,
groups
(notably
D/deaf
people)
disadvantaged
when
others
masked.
Finally,
risks
environment
single-use
respirators.
We
propose
an
agenda
future
research,
improved
characterization
situations
which
should
recommended
mandated;
attention
comfort
acceptability;
generalized
disability-focused
communication
support
settings
where
worn;
development
testing
novel
materials
designs
filtration,
breathability,
impact.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
20(3), С. 2346 - 2346
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2023
Masks
are
essential
and
effective
small
protective
devices
used
to
protect
the
general
public
against
infections
such
as
COVID-19.
However,
available
systematic
reviews
summaries
on
filtration
performance
of
masks
lacking.
Therefore,
in
order
investigate
masks,
mechanisms,
mask
characteristics,
relationships
between
influencing
factors
were
first
analyzed
through
evaluations.
The
summary
mechanisms
characteristics
provides
readers
with
a
clear
easy-to-understand
theoretical
cognition.
Then,
detailed
analysis
is
presented
in.
influence
aerosol
size
type
nonlinear
nonconstant,
efficiency
decreases
an
increase
gas
flow
rate;
moreover,
fitness
plays
decisive
role
effects
masks.
It
recommended
that
should
wear
surgical
prevent
COVID-19
infection
low-risk
non-densely
populated
areas.
Future
research
focus
tests,
formulation
standards
also
be
accelerated.
This
paper
review
will
helpful
for
design
health
future.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
381(2257)
Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023
This
rapid
systematic
review
of
evidence
asks
whether
(i)
wearing
a
face
mask,
(ii)
one
type
mask
over
another
and
(iii)
mandatory
policies
can
reduce
the
transmission
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
either
in
community-based
or
healthcare
settings.
A
search
studies
published
1
January
2020–27
2023
yielded
5185
unique
records.
Due
to
paucity
randomized
controlled
trials
(RCTs),
observational
were
included
analysis.
We
analysed
35
community
settings
(three
RCTs
32
observational)
40
(one
RCT
39
observational).
Ninety-five
per
cent
conducted
before
highly
transmissible
Omicron
variants
emerged.
Ninety-one
at
‘critical’
risk
bias
(ROB)
least
domain,
often
failing
separate
effects
masks
from
concurrent
interventions.
More
found
that
(
n
=
39/47;
83%)
mandates
16/18;
89%)
reduced
infection
than
no
effect
8/65;
12%)
favoured
controls
1/65;
2%).
Seven
respirators
more
protective
surgical
masks,
while
five
statistically
significant
difference
between
two
types.
Despite
ROB,
allowing
for
uncertain
variable
efficacy,
we
conclude
higher
quality
(respirators),
generally
these
study
populations.
article
is
part
theme
issue
'The
effectiveness
non-pharmaceutical
interventions
on
COVID-19
pandemic:
evidence'.
Microbial Biotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
17(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract
With
three
major
viral
pandemics
over
the
last
100
years,
namely
Spanish
flu,
AIDS
and
COVID‐19
each
claiming
many
millions
of
lives,
pandemic
preparedness
has
become
an
important
issue
for
public
health.
The
economic,
social
political
consequences
upheaval
caused
by
such
also
represent
a
challenge
governments
with
respect
to
sustainable
development
goals.
field
is
vast
current
article
can
only
address
selected
aspects.
looks
first
backwards
addresses
question
efficacy
non‐pharmaceutical
interventions
(NPI)
on
trajectory
pandemic.
then
forward
asking
what
extent
candidates
future
be
predicted
virome
analyses
from
metagenome
transcriptome
sequencing,
focusing
specific
animal
species
using
ecological
epidemiological
data
about
spillover
infections
in
veterinary
human
medicine.
As
comprehensive
overview
beyond
capacity
single
reviewer,
topics
will
discussed
recent
key
scientific
publications.
Since
not
run
its
course,
computational
program
able
predict
evolution
SARS‐CoV‐2
mentioned
that
could
assist
proactive
mRNA
vaccine
developments
against
possible
variants
concern.
Ending
epidemic
necessitates
mucosal
vaccines
suppress
transmission
therefore
this
closes
discussing
promising
versatile
protein
nanoparticle
experimental
approach
inhalation
does
depend
needles
nor
cold
chain
distribution.
Healthcare,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(8), С. 1115 - 1115
Опубликована: Апрель 13, 2023
The
COVID-19
pandemic
has
hugely
affected
the
textile
and
apparel
industry.
Besides
negative
impact
due
to
supply
chain
disruptions,
drop
in
demand,
liquidity
problems,
overstocking,
this
was
found
be
a
window
of
opportunity
since
it
accelerated
ongoing
digitalization
trends
use
functional
materials
This
review
paper
covers
development
smart
advanced
textiles
that
emerged
as
response
outbreak
SARS-CoV-2.
We
extensively
cover
advancements
developing
enable
monitoring
sensing
through
electrospun
nanofibers
nanogenerators.
Additionally,
we
focus
on
improving
medical
mainly
enhanced
antiviral
capabilities,
which
play
crucial
role
prevention,
protection,
control.
summarize
challenges
arise
from
personal
protective
equipment
(PPE)
disposal
finally
give
an
overview
new
textile-based
products
markets
related
control
spread
reduction
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023
During
the
pandemic
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
mitigation
policies
for
children
have
been
a
topic
of
considerable
uncertainty
and
debate.
Although
some
co-morbidities
which
increase
their
risk
disease
(COVID-19),
complications
such
as
multisystem
inflammatory
long
COVID,
most
only
get
mild
COVID-19.
On
other
hand,
consistent
evidence
shows
that
mass
measures
had
enormous
adverse
impacts
on
children.
A
central
question
can
thus
be
posed:
What
amount
should
bear,
in
response
to
is
disproportionally
affecting
older
people?
In
this
review,
we
analyze
distinct
child
versus
adult
epidemiology,
policies,
trade-offs
outcomes
Western
Europe.
The
highly
heterogenous
European
applied
compared
adults
did
not
lead
significant
measurable
differences
outcomes.
Remarkably,
relative
epidemiological
importance
transmission
from
school-age
age
groups
remains
uncertain,
with
current
suggesting
schools
often
follow,
rather
than
lead,
community
transmission.
Important
learning
points
future
pandemics
are
summarized.
