Molecular Evolution of the Major Arthropod Chemoreceptor Gene Families

Annual Review of Entomology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 64(1), С. 227 - 242

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2018

The evolutionary origins of the three major families chemoreceptors in arthropods-the odorant receptor (OR), gustatory (GR), and ionotropic (IR) families-occurred at base Insecta, Animalia, Protostomia, respectively. Comparison family sizes across arthropods reveals a generally positive correlation with their widely disparate complexity chemical ecology. Closely related species reveal ongoing processes gene evolution, including duplication, divergence, pseudogenization, loss, that mediate these larger patterns. Sets paralogous receptors within selection on amino acids regions likely to contribute ligand binding specificity. Ligands many ORs some GRs IRs have been identified; however, identification for more is needed, as are structures OR/GR superfamily, improve our understanding molecular evolution ecologically important arthropods.

Язык: Английский

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The structural basis of odorant recognition in insect olfactory receptors

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 597(7874), С. 126 - 131

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021

Abstract Olfactory systems must detect and discriminate amongst an enormous variety of odorants 1 . To contend with this challenge, diverse species have converged on a common strategy in which odorant identity is encoded through the combinatorial activation large families olfactory receptors 1–3 , thus allowing finite number to vast chemical world. Here we offer structural mechanistic insight into how individual receptor can flexibly recognize odorants. We show that Mh OR5 from jumping bristletail 4 Machilis hrabei assembles as homotetrameric odorant-gated ion channel broad tuning. Using cryo-electron microscopy, elucidated structure multiple gating states, alone complex two its agonists—the eugenol insect repellent DEET. Both ligands are recognized distributed hydrophobic interactions within same geometrically simple binding pocket located transmembrane region each subunit, suggesting logic for promiscuous sensitivity receptor. Mutation residues lining predictably altered DEET broadly reconfigured receptor’s Together, our data support model share determinants binding, shedding light molecular recognition mechanisms ultimately endow system immense discriminatory capacity.

Язык: Английский

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Functional properties of insect olfactory receptors: ionotropic receptors and odorant receptors

Cell and Tissue Research, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 383(1), С. 7 - 19

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract The majority of insect olfactory receptors belong to two distinct protein families, the ionotropic (IRs), which are related glutamate receptor family, and odorant (ORs), evolved from gustatory family. Both types assemble heteromeric ligand-gated cation channels composed odor-specific proteins co-receptor proteins. We here present in short current view on evolution, function, regulation IRs ORs. Special attention is given how their functional properties can meet environmental ecological challenges an has face.

Язык: Английский

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Structural basis for odorant recognition of the insect odorant receptor OR-Orco heterocomplex

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6703), С. 1453 - 1460

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Insects detect and discriminate a diverse array of chemicals using odorant receptors (ORs), which are ligand-gated ion channels comprising divergent odorant-sensing OR conserved receptor co-receptor (Orco). In this work, we report structures the

Язык: Английский

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Structural basis of odor sensing by insect heteromeric odorant receptors

Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 384(6703), С. 1460 - 1467

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024

Most insects, including human-targeting mosquitoes, detect odors through odorant-activated ion channel complexes consisting of a divergent odorant-binding subunit (OR) and conserved co-receptor (Orco). As basis for understanding how odorants activate these heteromeric receptors, we report here cryo–electron microscopy structures two different odorant receptor containing ORs from disease-vector mosquitos Aedes aegypti or Anopheles gambiae . These reveal an unexpected stoichiometry one OR to three Orco subunits. Comparison in odorant-bound unbound states indicates that binding the sole is sufficient open pore, suggesting mechanism activation conceptual framework evolution insect sensitivity.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution, developmental expression and function of odorant receptors in insects

Journal of Experimental Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 223(Suppl_1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020

ABSTRACT Animals rely on their chemosensory system to discriminate among a very large number of attractive or repulsive chemical cues in the environment, which is essential respond with proper action. The olfactory sensory systems insects share significant similarities those vertebrates, although they also exhibit dramatic differences, such as molecular nature odorant receptors (ORs): insect ORs function heteromeric ion channels common Orco subunit, unlike G-protein-coupled found vertebrates. Remarkable progress has recently been made understanding evolution, development and receptor neurons (ORNs). These studies have uncovered diversity species, including eusocial that extensively sensing pheromones for social communication. However, further studies, notably functional analyses, are needed improve our origins Orco–OR system, mechanisms ORN fate determination, extraordinary behavioral responses cues.

Язык: Английский

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The diversity and evolution of odorant receptors in beetles (Coleoptera)

Insect Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 29(1), С. 77 - 91

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2019

The insect odorant receptors (ORs) are amongst the largest gene families in genomes and primary means by which insects recognize volatile compounds. evolution of ORs is thus instrumental explaining chemical ecology as a model evolutionary biology. However, although have been described from numerous species, their analysis within orders has hindered combination limited genomic information tendency OR family toward rapid divergence, gain, loss. We addressed these issues order Coleoptera through targeted annotation effort that included 1181 one species sister Strepsiptera 10 representing four coleopteran suborders. numbers each varied hundreds to fewer than 10, but could nevertheless be represented scheme nine monophyletic subfamilies. observed many radiations losses genes subfamilies, diversity appeared parallel host breadth study species. some small lineages persisted families, suggesting key function underlie olfactory beetles.

Язык: Английский

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Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), genome: putative underpinnings of polyphagy, insecticide resistance potential and biology of a top worldwide pest

BMC Genomics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2020

Abstract Background Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a highly invasive insect species due in part to its exceptionally high levels of polyphagy. This also nuisance overwintering human-made structures. It has caused significant agricultural losses recent years along Atlantic seaboard North America and continental Europe. Genomic resources will assist with determining molecular basis for this species’ feeding habitat traits, defining potential targets pest management strategies. Results Analysis 1.15-Gb draft genome assembly identified wide variety genetic elements underpinning biological characteristics formidable species, encompassing roles sensory functions, digestion, immunity, detoxification development, all which likely support H. ’ capacity invasiveness. Many genes herein have biomolecular pesticide applications. Conclusions Availability sequence be useful development environmentally friendly pesticides applied concert more traditional, synthetic chemical-based controls.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2020

Abstract Background The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a globally invasive pest and plant virus vector on wide array of food, fiber, ornamental crops. underlying genetic mechanisms the processes governing thrips biology, feeding behaviors, ecology, insecticide resistance are largely unknown. To address this gap, we present F. draft genome assembly official gene set. Results We report first sequence for any member insect order Thysanoptera. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Ortholog (BUSCO) assessments (size = 415.8 Mb, scaffold N50 948.9 kb) revealed relatively complete well-annotated in comparison to other genomes. unusually GC-rich (50%) compared genomes date. set (OGS v1.0) contains 16,859 genes, which ~ 10% were manually verified corrected by our consortium. focused manual annotation, phylogenetic, expression evidence analyses sets centered primary themes life histories activities plant-colonizing insects. Highlights include following: (1) divergent clades large expansions genes associated with environmental sensing (chemosensory receptors) detoxification (CYP4, CYP6, CCE enzymes) substances encountered agricultural environments; (2) comprehensive salivary gland supported enriched expression; (3) apparent absence members IMD innate immune defense pathway; (4) developmental- sex-specific progression from larvae adulthood through neometaboly, distinct form maturation differing either incomplete or metamorphosis Insecta. Conclusions Analysis offers insights into polyphagous behavior that finds, colonizes, survives widely diverse plants. genomic resources presented here enable more analysis evolution providing missing taxon contemporary genomics-based analyses. Our study also benchmark molecular evolutionary investigations Thysanoptera species.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic adaptations to aquatic and aerial life in mayflies and the origin of insect wings

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2020

Abstract The evolution of winged insects revolutionized terrestrial ecosystems and led to the largest animal radiation on Earth. However, we still have an incomplete picture genomic changes that underlay this diversification. Mayflies, as one sister groups all other insects, are key understanding radiation. Here, describe genome mayfly Cloeon dipterum its gene expression throughout aquatic aerial life cycle specific organs. We discover expansion odorant-binding-protein genes, some expressed specifically in breathing gills nymphs, suggesting a novel sensory role for organ. In contrast, flying adults use enlarged opsin set sexually dimorphic manner, with only males. Finally, identify wing-associated genes deeply conserved pterygote find transcriptomic similarities between wings, common genetic program. Globally, comprehensive study uncovers basis evolutionary adaptations mayflies insects.

Язык: Английский

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