Abstract
Background
The
stable
fly,
Stomoxys
calcitrans
,
is
a
major
blood-feeding
pest
of
livestock
that
has
near
worldwide
distribution,
causing
an
annual
cost
over
$2
billion
for
control
and
product
loss
in
the
USA
alone.
Control
these
flies
been
limited
to
increased
sanitary
management
practices
insecticide
application
suppressing
larval
stages.
Few
genetic
molecular
resources
are
available
help
developing
novel
methods
controlling
flies.
Results
This
study
examines
fly
biology
by
utilizing
combination
high-quality
genome
sequencing
RNA-Seq
analyses
targeting
multiple
developmental
stages
tissues.
In
conjunction,
1600
genes
were
manually
curated
characterize
features
related
reproduction,
vector
host
interactions,
host-microbe
dynamics,
putative
targets
control.
Most
notable
was
characterization
associated
with
reproduction
identification
expanded
gene
families
functional
associations
vision,
chemosensation,
immunity,
metabolic
detoxification
pathways.
Conclusions
combined
sequencing,
assembly,
curation
male
followed
downstream
provide
insights
necessary
understand
this
important
pest.
These
new
data
will
groundwork
expanding
tools
infestations.
close
relationship
other
(horn
Glossina
)
non-blood-feeding
(house
flies,
medflies,
Drosophila
facilitate
understanding
evolutionary
processes
development
blood
feeding
among
Cyclorrhapha.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
64(1), С. 227 - 242
Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2018
The
evolutionary
origins
of
the
three
major
families
chemoreceptors
in
arthropods-the
odorant
receptor
(OR),
gustatory
(GR),
and
ionotropic
(IR)
families-occurred
at
base
Insecta,
Animalia,
Protostomia,
respectively.
Comparison
family
sizes
across
arthropods
reveals
a
generally
positive
correlation
with
their
widely
disparate
complexity
chemical
ecology.
Closely
related
species
reveal
ongoing
processes
gene
evolution,
including
duplication,
divergence,
pseudogenization,
loss,
that
mediate
these
larger
patterns.
Sets
paralogous
receptors
within
selection
on
amino
acids
regions
likely
to
contribute
ligand
binding
specificity.
Ligands
many
ORs
some
GRs
IRs
have
been
identified;
however,
identification
for
more
is
needed,
as
are
structures
OR/GR
superfamily,
improve
our
understanding
molecular
evolution
ecologically
important
arthropods.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
597(7874), С. 126 - 131
Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021
Abstract
Olfactory
systems
must
detect
and
discriminate
amongst
an
enormous
variety
of
odorants
1
.
To
contend
with
this
challenge,
diverse
species
have
converged
on
a
common
strategy
in
which
odorant
identity
is
encoded
through
the
combinatorial
activation
large
families
olfactory
receptors
1–3
,
thus
allowing
finite
number
to
vast
chemical
world.
Here
we
offer
structural
mechanistic
insight
into
how
individual
receptor
can
flexibly
recognize
odorants.
We
show
that
Mh
OR5
from
jumping
bristletail
4
Machilis
hrabei
assembles
as
homotetrameric
odorant-gated
ion
channel
broad
tuning.
Using
cryo-electron
microscopy,
elucidated
structure
multiple
gating
states,
alone
complex
two
its
agonists—the
eugenol
insect
repellent
DEET.
Both
ligands
are
recognized
distributed
hydrophobic
interactions
within
same
geometrically
simple
binding
pocket
located
transmembrane
region
each
subunit,
suggesting
logic
for
promiscuous
sensitivity
receptor.
Mutation
residues
lining
predictably
altered
DEET
broadly
reconfigured
receptor’s
Together,
our
data
support
model
share
determinants
binding,
shedding
light
molecular
recognition
mechanisms
ultimately
endow
system
immense
discriminatory
capacity.
Cell and Tissue Research,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
383(1), С. 7 - 19
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021
Abstract
The
majority
of
insect
olfactory
receptors
belong
to
two
distinct
protein
families,
the
ionotropic
(IRs),
which
are
related
glutamate
receptor
family,
and
odorant
(ORs),
evolved
from
gustatory
family.
Both
types
assemble
heteromeric
ligand-gated
cation
channels
composed
odor-specific
proteins
co-receptor
proteins.
We
here
present
in
short
current
view
on
evolution,
function,
regulation
IRs
ORs.
Special
attention
is
given
how
their
functional
properties
can
meet
environmental
ecological
challenges
an
has
face.
Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
384(6703), С. 1453 - 1460
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Insects
detect
and
discriminate
a
diverse
array
of
chemicals
using
odorant
receptors
(ORs),
which
are
ligand-gated
ion
channels
comprising
divergent
odorant-sensing
OR
conserved
receptor
co-receptor
(Orco).
In
this
work,
we
report
structures
the
Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
384(6703), С. 1460 - 1467
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Most
insects,
including
human-targeting
mosquitoes,
detect
odors
through
odorant-activated
ion
channel
complexes
consisting
of
a
divergent
odorant-binding
subunit
(OR)
and
conserved
co-receptor
(Orco).
As
basis
for
understanding
how
odorants
activate
these
heteromeric
receptors,
we
report
here
cryo–electron
microscopy
structures
two
different
odorant
receptor
containing
ORs
from
disease-vector
mosquitos
Aedes
aegypti
or
Anopheles
gambiae
.
These
reveal
an
unexpected
stoichiometry
one
OR
to
three
Orco
subunits.
Comparison
in
odorant-bound
unbound
states
indicates
that
binding
the
sole
is
sufficient
open
pore,
suggesting
mechanism
activation
conceptual
framework
evolution
insect
sensitivity.
Journal of Experimental Biology,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
223(Suppl_1)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2020
ABSTRACT
Animals
rely
on
their
chemosensory
system
to
discriminate
among
a
very
large
number
of
attractive
or
repulsive
chemical
cues
in
the
environment,
which
is
essential
respond
with
proper
action.
The
olfactory
sensory
systems
insects
share
significant
similarities
those
vertebrates,
although
they
also
exhibit
dramatic
differences,
such
as
molecular
nature
odorant
receptors
(ORs):
insect
ORs
function
heteromeric
ion
channels
common
Orco
subunit,
unlike
G-protein-coupled
found
vertebrates.
Remarkable
progress
has
recently
been
made
understanding
evolution,
development
and
receptor
neurons
(ORNs).
These
studies
have
uncovered
diversity
species,
including
eusocial
that
extensively
sensing
pheromones
for
social
communication.
However,
further
studies,
notably
functional
analyses,
are
needed
improve
our
origins
Orco–OR
system,
mechanisms
ORN
fate
determination,
extraordinary
behavioral
responses
cues.
Insect Molecular Biology,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
29(1), С. 77 - 91
Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2019
The
insect
odorant
receptors
(ORs)
are
amongst
the
largest
gene
families
in
genomes
and
primary
means
by
which
insects
recognize
volatile
compounds.
evolution
of
ORs
is
thus
instrumental
explaining
chemical
ecology
as
a
model
evolutionary
biology.
However,
although
have
been
described
from
numerous
species,
their
analysis
within
orders
has
hindered
combination
limited
genomic
information
tendency
OR
family
toward
rapid
divergence,
gain,
loss.
We
addressed
these
issues
order
Coleoptera
through
targeted
annotation
effort
that
included
1181
one
species
sister
Strepsiptera
10
representing
four
coleopteran
suborders.
numbers
each
varied
hundreds
to
fewer
than
10,
but
could
nevertheless
be
represented
scheme
nine
monophyletic
subfamilies.
observed
many
radiations
losses
genes
subfamilies,
diversity
appeared
parallel
host
breadth
study
species.
some
small
lineages
persisted
families,
suggesting
key
function
underlie
olfactory
beetles.
Abstract
Background
Halyomorpha
halys
(Stål),
the
brown
marmorated
stink
bug,
is
a
highly
invasive
insect
species
due
in
part
to
its
exceptionally
high
levels
of
polyphagy.
This
also
nuisance
overwintering
human-made
structures.
It
has
caused
significant
agricultural
losses
recent
years
along
Atlantic
seaboard
North
America
and
continental
Europe.
Genomic
resources
will
assist
with
determining
molecular
basis
for
this
species’
feeding
habitat
traits,
defining
potential
targets
pest
management
strategies.
Results
Analysis
1.15-Gb
draft
genome
assembly
identified
wide
variety
genetic
elements
underpinning
biological
characteristics
formidable
species,
encompassing
roles
sensory
functions,
digestion,
immunity,
detoxification
development,
all
which
likely
support
H.
’
capacity
invasiveness.
Many
genes
herein
have
biomolecular
pesticide
applications.
Conclusions
Availability
sequence
be
useful
development
environmentally
friendly
pesticides
applied
concert
more
traditional,
synthetic
chemical-based
controls.
Abstract
Background
The
western
flower
thrips,
Frankliniella
occidentalis
(Pergande),
is
a
globally
invasive
pest
and
plant
virus
vector
on
wide
array
of
food,
fiber,
ornamental
crops.
underlying
genetic
mechanisms
the
processes
governing
thrips
biology,
feeding
behaviors,
ecology,
insecticide
resistance
are
largely
unknown.
To
address
this
gap,
we
present
F.
draft
genome
assembly
official
gene
set.
Results
We
report
first
sequence
for
any
member
insect
order
Thysanoptera.
Benchmarking
Universal
Single-Copy
Ortholog
(BUSCO)
assessments
(size
=
415.8
Mb,
scaffold
N50
948.9
kb)
revealed
relatively
complete
well-annotated
in
comparison
to
other
genomes.
unusually
GC-rich
(50%)
compared
genomes
date.
set
(OGS
v1.0)
contains
16,859
genes,
which
~
10%
were
manually
verified
corrected
by
our
consortium.
focused
manual
annotation,
phylogenetic,
expression
evidence
analyses
sets
centered
primary
themes
life
histories
activities
plant-colonizing
insects.
Highlights
include
following:
(1)
divergent
clades
large
expansions
genes
associated
with
environmental
sensing
(chemosensory
receptors)
detoxification
(CYP4,
CYP6,
CCE
enzymes)
substances
encountered
agricultural
environments;
(2)
comprehensive
salivary
gland
supported
enriched
expression;
(3)
apparent
absence
members
IMD
innate
immune
defense
pathway;
(4)
developmental-
sex-specific
progression
from
larvae
adulthood
through
neometaboly,
distinct
form
maturation
differing
either
incomplete
or
metamorphosis
Insecta.
Conclusions
Analysis
offers
insights
into
polyphagous
behavior
that
finds,
colonizes,
survives
widely
diverse
plants.
genomic
resources
presented
here
enable
more
analysis
evolution
providing
missing
taxon
contemporary
genomics-based
analyses.
Our
study
also
benchmark
molecular
evolutionary
investigations
Thysanoptera
species.
Olfaction
and
gustation
underlie
behaviors
that
are
crucial
for
insect
fitness,
such
as
host
mate
selection.
The
detection
of
semiochemicals
is
mediated
via
proteins
from
large
rapidly
evolving
chemosensory
gene
families;
however,
the
links
between
a
species'
ecology
diversification
these
genes
remain
poorly
understood.
Hence,
we
annotated
genomes
select
wood-boring
coleopterans,
compared
repertoires
stenophagous
species
with
those
polyphagous
species.We
86
odorant
receptors
(ORs),
60
gustatory
(GRs),
57
ionotropic
(IRs),
4
sensory
neuron
membrane
(SNMPs),
36
binding
(OBPs),
11
(CSPs)
in
mountain
pine
beetle
(Dendroctonus
ponderosae),
47
ORs,
30
GRs,
31
IRs,
SNMPs,
12
OBPs,
14
CSPs
emerald
ash
borer
(Agrilus
planipennis).
Four
SNMPs
17
were
wood-borer
Anoplophora
glabripennis.
D.
ponderosae
A.
planipennis
reduced
glabripennis
T.
castaneum,
which
largely
manifested
through
small
lineage
expansions
entire
losses.
Alternative
splicing
GR
was
limited
apparently
absent
planipennis,
also
seems
to
have
lost
one
carbon
dioxide
receptor
(GR1).
has
two
related
SNMP3
castaneum.
alternatively
spliced
OBP
genes,
novel
"tetramer",
many
eleven
IR75
members.
Simple
orthology
generally
rare
beetles;
found
clade
orthologues
putative
bitter-taste
GRs
(named
"GR215
clade"),
conservation
IR60a
Drosophila
melanogaster.Our
genome
annotations
represent
important
quantitative
qualitative
improvements
original
datasets
derived
transcriptomes
facilitating
evolutionary
analysis
Coleoptera
where
only
few
previously
annotated.
Our
suggests
correlation
content
specificity
beetles.
Future
studies
should
include
additional
consolidate
this
correlation,
functionally
characterize
identified
an
step
towards
improved
control
pests.