Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
29(2), С. 412 - 424
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2023
Abstract
Oxytocin
plays
an
important
role
in
modulating
social
recognition
memory.
However,
the
direct
implication
of
oxytocin
neurons
paraventricular
nucleus
hypothalamus
(PVH)
and
their
downstream
hypothalamic
targets
regulating
short-
long-term
forms
memory
has
not
been
fully
investigated.
In
this
study,
we
employed
a
chemogenetic
approach
to
target
activity
PVH
male
rats
found
that
specific
silencing
neuronal
population
led
impairment
We
combined
viral-mediated
fluorescent
labeling
with
immunohistochemical
techniques
identified
supramammillary
(SuM)
as
oxytocinergic
axonal
projections
rats.
used
multiplex
fluorescence
situ
hybridization
label
receptors
SuM
determined
they
are
predominantly
expressed
glutamatergic
neurons,
including
those
project
CA2
region
hippocampus.
Finally,
highly
selective
receptor
antagonist
examine
involvement
signaling
it
is
necessary
for
formation
both.
This
study
discovered
previously
undescribed
via
reinforced
form
Quantitative
descriptions
of
animal
behavior
are
essential
to
study
the
neural
substrates
cognitive
and
emotional
processes.
Analyses
naturalistic
behaviors
often
performed
by
hand
or
with
expensive,
inflexible
commercial
software.
Recently,
machine
learning
methods
for
markerless
pose
estimation
enabled
automated
tracking
freely
moving
animals,
including
in
labs
limited
coding
expertise.
However,
classifying
specific
based
on
data
requires
additional
computational
analyses
remains
a
significant
challenge
many
groups.
We
developed
BehaviorDEPOT
(DEcoding
POsitional
Tracking),
simple,
flexible
software
program
that
can
detect
from
video
timeseries
analyze
results
experimental
assays.
calculates
kinematic
postural
statistics
keypoint
creates
heuristics
reliably
behaviors.
It
no
programming
experience
is
applicable
wide
range
designs.
provide
several
hard-coded
heuristics.
Our
freezing
detection
heuristic
achieves
above
90%
accuracy
videos
mice
rats,
those
wearing
tethered
head-mounts.
also
helps
researchers
develop
their
own
incorporate
them
into
software’s
graphical
interface.
Behavioral
stored
framewise
easy
alignment
data.
demonstrate
immediate
utility
flexibility
using
popular
assays
fear
conditioning,
decision-making
T-maze,
open
field,
elevated
plus
maze,
novel
object
exploration.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2023
Social
interaction
is
a
complex
behavior
which
requires
the
individual
to
integrate
various
internal
processes,
such
as
social
motivation,
recognition,
salience,
reward,
and
emotional
state,
well
external
cues
informing
of
others'
behavior,
state
rank.
This
phenotype
susceptible
disruption
in
humans
affected
by
neurodevelopmental
psychiatric
disorders,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD).
Multiple
pieces
convergent
evidence
collected
from
studies
rodents
suggest
that
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
plays
pivotal
role
interactions,
serving
hub
for
affiliation,
empathy,
hierarchy.
Indeed,
PFC
circuitry
results
deficits
symptomatic
ASD.
Here,
we
review
this
describe
ethologically
relevant
tasks
could
be
employed
with
rodent
models
study
interactions.
We
also
discuss
linking
pathologies
associated
Finally,
address
specific
questions
regarding
mechanisms
may
result
atypical
interactions
models,
future
should
address.
Anxiety
and
depression
are
frequently
observed
in
patients
suffering
from
trigeminal
neuralgia
(TN),
but
neural
circuits
mechanisms
underlying
this
association
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
identified
a
dedicated
circuit
the
ventral
hippocampus
(vHPC)
to
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC)
that
mediates
TN-related
anxiodepression.
We
found
TN
caused
an
increase
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
vHPC
CaMK2A
neurons
mPFC
inhibitory
marked
by
expression
of
corticotropin-releasing
hormone
(CRH).
Activation
CRH
+
subsequently
led
feed-forward
inhibition
layer
V
pyramidal
via
activation
receptor
1
(CRHR1).
Inhibition
-mPFC
ameliorated
TN-induced
anxiodepression,
whereas
activating
pathway
sufficiently
produced
anxiodepressive-like
behaviors.
Thus,
our
studies
driving
pain-related
anxiodepression
molecular
target
for
treating
psychiatric
disorders.
Envisioning
the
future
is
intuitively
linked
to
our
ability
remember
past.
Within
memory
system,
substantial
work
has
demonstrated
involvement
of
prefrontal
cortex
and
hippocampus
in
representing
past
present.
Recent
data
shows
that
both
encode
trajectories,
which
are
segregated
time
by
alternating
cycles
theta
rhythm.
Here,
we
discuss
how
information
temporally
organized
these
brain
regions
supported
medial
septum,
nucleus
reuniens,
parahippocampal
regions.
Finally,
highlight
a
circuit
predict
essential
for
temporal
segregation
scenarios.
