The connectome of an insect brain

Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 379(6636)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Brains contain networks of interconnected neurons and so knowing the network architecture is essential for understanding brain function. We therefore mapped synaptic-resolution connectome an entire insect ( Drosophila larva) with rich behavior, including learning, value computation, action selection, comprising 3016 548,000 synapses. characterized neuron types, hubs, feedforward feedback pathways, as well cross-hemisphere brain-nerve cord interactions. found pervasive multisensory interhemispheric integration, highly recurrent architecture, abundant from descending neurons, multiple novel circuit motifs. The brain’s most circuits comprised input output learning center. Some structural features, multilayer shortcuts nested loops, resembled state-of-the-art deep architectures. identified provides a basis future experimental theoretical studies neural circuits.

Язык: Английский

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Reconstruction of motor control circuits in adult Drosophila using automated transmission electron microscopy

Cell, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 184(3), С. 759 - 774.e18

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Astrocytes close a motor circuit critical period

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 592(7854), С. 414 - 420

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Reafference and the origin of the self in early nervous system evolution

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 376(1821), С. 20190764 - 20190764

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2021

Discussions of the function early nervous systems usually focus on a causal flow from sensors to effectors, by which an animal coordinates its actions with exogenous changes in environment. We propose, instead, that much sensing was

Язык: Английский

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A developmental framework linking neurogenesis and circuit formation in the Drosophila CNS

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 11, 2021

The mechanisms specifying neuronal diversity are well characterized, yet it remains unclear how or if these regulate neural circuit assembly. To address this, we mapped the developmental origin of 160 interneurons from seven bilateral progenitors (neuroblasts) and identify them in a synapse-scale TEM reconstruction Drosophila larval central nervous system. We find that lineages concurrently build sensory motor neuropils by generating hemilineages Notch-dependent manner. Neurons hemilineage share common synaptic targeting within neuropil, which is further refined based on temporal identity. Connectome analysis shows hemilineage-temporal cohorts connectivity. Finally, show proximity alone cannot explain observed connectivity structure, suggesting hemilineage/temporal identity confers an added layer specificity. Thus, demonstrate also govern formation function, principles broadly applicable throughout

Язык: Английский

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Molecular logic of synaptic diversity between Drosophila tonic and phasic motoneurons

Neuron, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 111(22), С. 3554 - 3569.e7

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

Although neuronal subtypes display unique synaptic organization and function, the underlying transcriptional differences that establish these features are poorly understood. To identify molecular pathways contribute to diversity, single-neuron Patch-seq RNA profiling was performed on Drosophila tonic phasic glutamatergic motoneurons. Tonic motoneurons form weaker facilitating synapses onto single muscles, while stronger depressing multiple muscles. Super-resolution microscopy in vivo imaging demonstrated active zones more compact enhanced Ca2+ influx compared with their counterparts. Genetic analysis identified properties mapped gene expression for several cellular pathways, including distinct signaling ligands, post-translational modifications, intracellular buffers. These findings provide insights into how transcriptomes drive functional morphological between subtypes.

Язык: Английский

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A complete biomechanical model of Hydra contractile behaviors, from neural drive to muscle to movement

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(11)

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

How does neural activity drive muscles to produce behavior? The recent development of genetic lines in Hydra that allow complete calcium imaging both neuronal and muscle activity, as well systematic machine learning quantification behaviors, makes this small cnidarian an ideal model system understand the transformation from firing body movements. To achieve this, we have built a neuromechanical ’s fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton, showing how by activates distinct patterns column biomechanics. Our is based on experimental measurements assumes gap junctional coupling among cells calcium-dependent force generation muscles. With these assumptions, can robustly reproduce basic set behaviors. We further explain puzzling observations, including dual timescale kinetics observed activation engagement ectodermal endodermal different This work delineates spatiotemporal control space movement serve template for future efforts systematically decipher transformations basis behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs) are a group of disorders that cause progressive deficits neuronal function. Recent evidence argues sphingolipid metabolism is affected in surprisingly broad set NDDs. These include some lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), hereditary sensory and autonomous neuropathy (HSAN), spastic paraplegia (HSP), infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA), as well forms amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Parkinson’s disease (PD). Many these have been modeled Drosophila melanogaster associated with elevated levels ceramides. Similar changes also reported vertebrate cells mouse models. Here, we summarize studies using fly models and/or patient samples which demonstrate the nature defects metabolism, organelles implicated, cell types initially affected, potential therapeutics for diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Whole-body connectome of a segmented annelid larva

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 17, 2024

Abstract Nervous systems coordinate effectors across the body during movements. We know little about cellular-level structure of synaptic circuits for such body-wide control. Here we describe whole-body connectome a segmented larva marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii . reconstructed and annotated over 9,000 neuronal non-neuronal cells in serial electron microscopy dataset. Differentiated were classified into 202 92 cell types. analyse modularity, multisensory integration, left-right intersegmental connectivity motor ciliated cells, glands, pigment muscles. identify several segment-specific types, demonstrating heteromery larval trunk. At same time, segmentally repeated types head, trunk segments pygidium suggest homology all segmental regions. also report descending ascending pathways, peptidergic multi-modal mechanosensory girdle. Our work provides basis understanding coordination an entire animal.

Язык: Английский

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Useful road maps: studying Drosophila larva’s central nervous system with the help of connectomics

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 65, С. 129 - 137

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2020

The larva of Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for comprehensive brain-wide understanding the circuit implementation neural computations. With an unprecedented amount tools in hand, including synaptic-resolution connectomics, whole-brain imaging, and genetic selective targeting single neuron types, it possible to dissect which circuits computations are at work behind behaviors that have interesting level complexity. Here we present some recent advances regarding multisensory integration, learning, action selection larva.

Язык: Английский

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