Stage 2 Registered Report: Propositional Thought Is Sufficient for Imaginal Extinction as Shown by Contrasting Participants With Aphantasia, Simulated Aphantasia, and Controls

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 62(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Imaginal exposure is a standard procedure of cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment anxiety and panic disorders. It often used when in vivo not possible, too stressful patients, or would be expensive. The Bio-Informational Theory implies that imaginal effective because perceptual proximity mental imagery to real events, whereas empirical findings suggest propositional thought fear stimuli (i.e., thinking about without seeing them mind's eye) could sufficient. To investigate whether crucial success exposure, participants with rare state aphantasia (= absence sensory imagery) two control groups were subjected conditioning paradigm followed by reinstatement procedure. During group (N = 30) stared at bright screen disrupt visual incoming luminance (=simulated aphantasia), while second actual kept their eyes closed. Results showed successful extinction all groups, thus demonstrating possible using thought. Moreover, exploratory analyses revealed less subjective people during procedure, potentially due similar mechanisms as alexithymia, is, decoupling between physiological arousal emotional experience.

Язык: Английский

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Individual differences in fear acquisition: multivariate analyses of different emotional negativity scales, physiological responding, subjective measures, and neural activation

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2020

Negative emotionality is a well-established and stable risk factor for affective disorders. Individual differences in negative have been linked to associative learning processes which can be captured experimentally by computing CS-discrimination values fear conditioning paradigms. Literature suffers from underpowered samples, suboptimal methods, an isolated focus on single questionnaires outcome measures. First, the specific shared variance across three commonly employed [STAI-T, NEO-FFI-Neuroticism, Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) Scale] relation during fear-acquisition multiple analysis units (ratings, skin conductance, startle) addressed (N

Язык: Английский

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Psychophysiological modelling and the measurement of fear conditioning

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 127, С. 103576 - 103576

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2020

Quantification of fear conditioning is paramount to many clinical and translational studies on aversive learning. Various measures co-exist, including different observables methods pre-processing. Here, we first argue that low measurement error a rational desideratum for any technique. We then show can be approximated in benchmark experiments by how closely intended memory relates measured memory, quantity term retrodictive validity. From this perspective, discuss approaches commonly used quantify conditioning. One these psychophysiological modelling (PsPM). This builds model describes psychological variable, such as influences physiological measure. statistically inverted estimate the most likely value given data. review existing PsPMs skin conductance, pupil size, heart period, respiration, startle eye-blink. illustrate benefit terms validity translate into sample size required achieve desired level statistical power. differ up factor three between observables, best, current standard, data pre-processing methods.

Язык: Английский

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No persistent attenuation of fear memories in humans: A registered replication of the reactivation-extinction effect

Cortex, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 129, С. 496 - 509

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Robust BOLD Responses to Faces But Not to Conditioned Threat: Challenging the Amygdala's Reputation in Human Fear and Extinction Learning

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 41(50), С. 10278 - 10292

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2021

Most of our knowledge about human emotional memory comes from animal research. Based on this work, the amygdala is often labeled brain's “fear center”, but it unclear to what degree neural circuitries underlying fear and extinction learning are conserved across species. Neuroimaging studies in humans yield conflicting findings, with many failing show activation response learned threat. Such null findings treated as resulting MRI-specific problems related measuring deep brain structures. Here we test assumption a mega-analysis three acquisition ( n = 98; 68 female) 79; 53 female). The conditioning procedure involved presentation two pictures faces houses: one each pair was followed by an electric shock [a conditioned stimulus (CS + )], other never – ), participants were instructed learn these contingencies. Results revealed widespread responses CS compared network, including anterior insula, midcingulate cortex, thalamus, bed nucleus stria terminalis, not amygdala, which actually responded stronger . independent spatial smoothing, individual differences trait anxiety pupil responses. In contrast, robust distinguished houses, refuting idea that poor signal could account for absence effects. Moving forward, suggest that, apart imaging larger samples at higher resolution, alternative statistical approaches may be used identify cross-species similarities learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT science provides foundation numerous theories psychopathology, stress disorders. This field relies heavily research, suggests central role memory. However, finding strongly corroborated neuroimaging evidence humans, too easily explained away methodological limitations inherent large nonclinical sample, find BOLD fear, amygdala. A While do disprove involvement learning, they challenge its typical portrayals illustrate complexities translational science.

Язык: Английский

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I Doubt It Is Safe: A Meta-analysis of Self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty and Threat Extinction Training

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1(3), С. 171 - 179

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2021

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), the tendency to find distressing, is an important transdiagnostic dimension in mental health disorders. Higher self-reported IU has been linked poorer threat extinction training (i.e., updating safe associations), a key process that targeted exposure-based therapies. However, it remains be seen whether IU-related effects during are reliably and specifically driven by construct or particular subcomponent over other measures anxiety. A meta-analysis studies from different laboratories (18 experiments; sample N = 1006) was conducted on associations between variants 27-item, 12-item, inhibitory, prospective subscales), trait anxiety, via skin conductance response. The specificity assessed against All IU, but not were associated with response continued responding old cue). Specificity observed for majority findings suggest broadly accounts difficulties specific These demonstrate robustness highlight potential opportunities translational work target therapies rely principles such as exposure therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Whose Signals Are Being Amplified? Toward a More Equitable Clinical Psychophysiology

Clinical Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 237 - 252

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2022

Research using psychophysiological methods holds great promise for refining clinical assessment, identifying risk factors, and informing treatment. Unfortunately, unique methodological features of existing approaches limit inclusive research participation and, consequently, generalizability. In this brief overview commentary, we provide a snapshot the current state representation in psychophysiology with focus on forms consequences ongoing exclusion Black participants. We illustrate issues inequity that are to consider intersections among social constructions Blackness biased design technology used measure electroencephalography, skin conductance, other signals. then highlight work by groups dedicated quantifying addressing these limitations. discuss need reflection input from wider variety affected individuals develop refine new technologies given further widening disparities. Finally, broad recommendations clinical-psychophysiology research.

Язык: Английский

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Navigating the manyverse of skin conductance response quantification approaches – A direct comparison of trough‐to‐peak, baseline correction, and model‐based approaches in Ledalab and PsPM

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 59(9)

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2022

Raw data are typically required to be processed ready for statistical analyses, and processing pipelines often characterized by substantial heterogeneity. Here, we applied seven different approaches (trough-to-peak scoring two raters, script-based baseline correction, Ledalab as well four models implemented in the software PsPM) fear conditioning sets. Selection of included was guided a systematic literature search using research case example. Our approach can viewed set robustness analyses (i.e., same subjected pipelines) aiming investigate if what extent these quantification yield comparable results given data. To our knowledge, no formal framework evaluation exists date, but may borrow some criteria from suggested "replicability" general. SCR sets with paradigms suggest that there single consistently yields larger effect sizes could universally considered "best." Yet, at least employed show consistent within each indicating comparability. Finally, highlight heterogeneity also most discuss implications potential remedies.

Язык: Английский

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Multiverse analyses in fear conditioning research

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 153, С. 104072 - 104072

Опубликована: Март 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Trait anxiety is associated with hidden state inference during aversive reversal learning

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2023

Updating beliefs in changing environments can be driven by gradually adapting expectations or relying on inferred hidden states (i.e. contexts), and changes therein. Previous work suggests that increased reliance context could underly fear relapse phenomena hinder clinical treatment of anxiety disorders. We test whether trait variations a healthy population influence how much individuals rely hidden-state inference. In Pavlovian learning task, participants observed cues predicted an upcoming electrical shock with repeatedly probability, were asked to provide expectancy ratings every trial. show is associated steeper expectation switches after contingency reversals reduced oddball learning. Furthermore, related better fit state inference, compared gradual learning, model when are large. Our findings support previous suggesting inference as mechanism behind anxiety-related phenomena.

Язык: Английский

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