Brain stars take the lead during critical periods of early postnatal brain development: relevance of astrocytes in health and mental disorders

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(9), С. 2821 - 2833

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

In the brain, astrocytes regulate shape and functions of synaptic vascular compartments through a variety released factors membrane-bound proteins. An imbalanced astrocyte activity can therefore have drastic negative impacts on brain development, leading to onset severe pathologies. Clinical pre-clinical studies show alterations in cell number, morphology, molecular makeup astrocyte-dependent processes different affected regions neurodevelopmental (ND) neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders. Astrocytes proliferate, differentiate mature during critical period early postnatal time window elevated glia-dependent regulation proper balance between synapse formation/elimination, which is pivotal refining connectivity. Therefore, any intrinsic and/or extrinsic altering these may result an aberrant remodeling mental The peculiar bridging position further allows them "compute" state consequently secrete bloodstream, serve as diagnostic biomarkers distinct healthy or disease conditions. Here, we collect recent advancements regarding astrogenesis astrocyte-mediated neuronal network periods focusing elimination. We then propose alternative hypotheses for involvement aberrancies ND NP light well-known differential prevalence certain disorders males females, also discuss putative sex-dependent influences events. From translational perspective, understanding age- astrocyte-specific functional changes help identify cellular (dys)functions health disease, favouring development tools selection tailored treatment options male/female patients.

Язык: Английский

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Hidden talents in harsh environments

Development and Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 34(1), С. 95 - 113

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2020

Abstract Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced , skills for solving problems high-adversity contexts (i.e., “hidden talents”). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on talents, propose that stress-adapted represent form of adaptive intelligence enables individuals to function constraints harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss alignment with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications this perspective multiple sectors concerned youth from environments, including education, social services, juvenile justice; compare contemporary developmental resilience models. conclude approach offers exciting new directions adaptations childhood adversity, translational implications leveraging more effectively tailor jobs, interventions fit needs potentials diverse range life circumstances. This affords well-rounded view people who live avoids stigma communicates novel, distinctive, strength-based message.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesizing Views to Understand Sex Differences in Response to Early Life Adversity

Trends in Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 43(5), С. 300 - 310

Опубликована: Март 16, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 178(11), С. 998 - 1013

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2021

Adversity early in life is common and a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating neurodevelopmental pathways by which adversity affects mental health critical identification targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances identifying mechanisms linking with psychopathology, specific dimensions timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, protective buffer against effects adversity. Yet, vast complexity heterogeneity environments trajectories contribute challenges understanding resilience context In this overview, author highlights progress four areas—mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, factors; synthesizes key challenges; provides recommendations future research can facilitate field. Translation across species ongoing refinement conceptual models have strong potential inform prevention intervention strategies reduce immense burden psychopathology associated

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Early Life Stress on Reward Circuit Function and Regulation

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2021

Early life stress – including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss a parent, and other forms adversity increases lifetime risk mood, anxiety, substance use disorders. A major component this may be early stress-induced alterations in motivation reward processing, mediated by changes the nucleus accumbens (NAc) ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here, we review evidence impact on circuit structure function human animal models, with focus NAc. We then connect these results to emerging theoretical models about indirect direct impacts development. Through synthesis, aim highlight open research questions suggest avenues future study service basic science, as well applied insights. Understanding how alters development, function, motivated behaviors is critical first step toward developing ability predict, prevent, treat stress-related psychopathology spanning

Язык: Английский

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Neuroinflammation, Early-Life Adversity, and Brain Development

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(1), С. 24 - 39

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Abstract The overarching objective is to review how early exposure adversity interacts with inflammation alter brain maturation. Both and are significant risk factors for psychopathology. Literature relevant the effects of in children adolescents on development reviewed. These studies supported by research animals exposed species-relevant stressors during development. While it known that at any age increases inflammation, exacerbated developmental stages when immature uniquely sensitive experiences. Microglia play a vital role this process, as they scavenge cellular debris prune synapses optimize performance. In essence, microglia modify synapse match environmental demands, which necessary someone history adversity. Overall, piecing together clinical preclinical areas, what emerges picture sculpts brain. interactions inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (specifically, subtype expressing parvalbumin) discussed within contexts A markers individuals abuse combined describe their Inconsistencies literature discussed, call standardizing methodologies relating assessing effects, measures quantify stress more brain-based biochemistry. Preclinical pave way interventions using anti-inflammation-based agents (COX-2 inhibitors, CB2 agonists, meditation/yoga) identifying where, when, trajectory goes awry.

Язык: Английский

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Early life adversity decreases pre-adolescent fear expression by accelerating amygdala PV cell development

eLife, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2020

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased risk for stress-related disorders later in life. The link between ELA and psychopathology well established but the developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model of resource insecurity, limited bedding (LB), we tested effects LB on development fear learning neuronal structures involved emotional regulation, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) basolateral amygdala (BLA). delayed ability peri-weanling (21 days old) mice to express, not form, an auditory conditioned memory. accelerated emergence parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells BLA anatomical connections PL BLA. Fear expression was rescued through optogenetic inactivation PV-positive current results provide transiently blunted reactivity early development, latent fear-associated memories emerging adolescence.

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences in the Development of the Rodent Corticolimbic System

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 14

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2020

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence and symptomatology psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, fear-related disorders, all which show high incidence rates early life. This highlighted importance including female subjects animal studies, well delineating neural processing across development. Of particular interest is corticolimbic system, comprising hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex. rodents, these regions undergo dynamic changes life, disruption to their normative development believed underlie age sex-dependent effects stress on affective processing. this review, we consolidate cortex First, briefly introduce current principles sexual differentiation rodent brain. We then showcase regional volume, morphology, synaptic organization, cell proliferation, microglia, GABAergic signaling, explain how are influenced by perinatal pubertal gonadal hormones. compiling research, outline evidence what when emerge developing illustrate temporal dynamics its maturational trajectory may differ male rodents. will help provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying sex-specific critical windows for susceptibility behavioral emergence.

Язык: Английский

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Prenatal stress exposure and multimodal assessment of amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex connectivity in infants

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46, С. 100877 - 100877

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2020

Stressful experiences are linked to neurodevelopment. There is growing interest in the role of stress connectivity between amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a circuit that subserves automatic emotion regulation. However, specific timing mechanisms underlie association amygdala–mPFC unclear. Many factors, including variations fetal exposure maternal stress, appear affect early developing brain circuitry. few studies have examined associations life, when most plastic sensitive environmental influence. In this longitudinal pilot study, we characterized prenatal young infants (approximately age 5 weeks). A final sample 33 women who provided data on preconception during their pregnancy returned with offspring for magnetic resonance imaging scan session, which enabled us characterize structural functional as function stress. Increased was associated decreased increased mPFC. These results provide insight into influence development critical regulatory

Язык: Английский

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Type of early life adversity confers differential, sex-dependent effects on early maturational milestones in mice

Hormones and Behavior, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 124, С. 104763 - 104763

Опубликована: Май 25, 2020

Язык: Английский

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