Resource scarcity but not maternal separation provokes unpredictable maternal care sequences in mice and both upregulate Crh-associated gene expression in the amygdala DOI Creative Commons
Camila Demaestri, Meghan Gallo,

Elisa Mazenod

et al.

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 100484 - 100484

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Early life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for the development of pathology, including anxiety disorders. Neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes following ELA are multifaceted influenced heavily by type experienced sex individual experiencing ELA. It remains unclear what properties portend differential neurobiological basis sex-differences negative outcomes. Predictability postnatal environment has emerged as being core feature supporting development, with most salient signals deriving from parental care. care may be distinguishing different forms ELA, degree predictability afforded these manipulations contribute to diversity observed across models. Further, questions remain whether differing levels effects on neurodevelopment expression genes associated pathology. Here, we tested hypothesis that changes in maternal behavior mice would contingent experienced, directly comparing limited bedding nesting (LBN) separation (MS) paradigms. We then altered corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), sexually-dimorphic neuropeptide regulates threat-related learning, amygdala male female mice. The LBN manipulation reliably increased entropy care, measure indicates lower between sequences dam behavior. MS rearing similarly frequency nest sorties licking pups but had mixed other aspects dam-, pup-, nest-related behaviors. Increased Crh-related was gene measures showing significant interaction manipulation. Specifically, males, not females, primarily males. present study provides evidence models demonstrates robust consequences experience critically stress responding differences

Language: Английский

Brain stars take the lead during critical periods of early postnatal brain development: relevance of astrocytes in health and mental disorders DOI Creative Commons

Eugenia Vivi,

Barbara Di Benedetto

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 2821 - 2833

Published: March 29, 2024

In the brain, astrocytes regulate shape and functions of synaptic vascular compartments through a variety released factors membrane-bound proteins. An imbalanced astrocyte activity can therefore have drastic negative impacts on brain development, leading to onset severe pathologies. Clinical pre-clinical studies show alterations in cell number, morphology, molecular makeup astrocyte-dependent processes different affected regions neurodevelopmental (ND) neuropsychiatric (NP) disorders. Astrocytes proliferate, differentiate mature during critical period early postnatal time window elevated glia-dependent regulation proper balance between synapse formation/elimination, which is pivotal refining connectivity. Therefore, any intrinsic and/or extrinsic altering these may result an aberrant remodeling mental The peculiar bridging position further allows them "compute" state consequently secrete bloodstream, serve as diagnostic biomarkers distinct healthy or disease conditions. Here, we collect recent advancements regarding astrogenesis astrocyte-mediated neuronal network periods focusing elimination. We then propose alternative hypotheses for involvement aberrancies ND NP light well-known differential prevalence certain disorders males females, also discuss putative sex-dependent influences events. From translational perspective, understanding age- astrocyte-specific functional changes help identify cellular (dys)functions health disease, favouring development tools selection tailored treatment options male/female patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Hidden talents in harsh environments DOI
Bruce J. Ellis, Laura S. Abrams, Ann S. Masten

et al.

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 95 - 113

Published: July 16, 2020

Abstract Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced , skills for solving problems high-adversity contexts (i.e., “hidden talents”). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on talents, propose that stress-adapted represent form of adaptive intelligence enables individuals to function constraints harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss alignment with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications this perspective multiple sectors concerned youth from environments, including education, social services, juvenile justice; compare contemporary developmental resilience models. conclude approach offers exciting new directions adaptations childhood adversity, translational implications leveraging more effectively tailor jobs, interventions fit needs potentials diverse range life circumstances. This affords well-rounded view people who live avoids stigma communicates novel, distinctive, strength-based message.

Language: Английский

Citations

111
Synthesizing Views to Understand Sex Differences in Response to Early Life Adversity DOI
Kevin G. Bath

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 300 - 310

Published: March 16, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

100
Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience DOI
Dylan G. Gee

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 178(11), P. 998 - 1013

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

Adversity early in life is common and a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating neurodevelopmental pathways by which adversity affects mental health critical identification targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances identifying mechanisms linking with psychopathology, specific dimensions timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, protective buffer against effects adversity. Yet, vast complexity heterogeneity environments trajectories contribute challenges understanding resilience context In this overview, author highlights progress four areas—mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, factors; synthesizes key challenges; provides recommendations future research can facilitate field. Translation across species ongoing refinement conceptual models have strong potential inform prevention intervention strategies reduce immense burden psychopathology associated

Language: Английский

Citations

93
Impact of Early Life Stress on Reward Circuit Function and Regulation DOI Creative Commons
Jamie L. Hanson,

Alexia V. Williams,

Debra A. Bangasser

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Early life stress – including experience of child maltreatment, neglect, separation from or loss a parent, and other forms adversity increases lifetime risk mood, anxiety, substance use disorders. A major component this may be early stress-induced alterations in motivation reward processing, mediated by changes the nucleus accumbens (NAc) ventral tegmental area (VTA). Here, we review evidence impact on circuit structure function human animal models, with focus NAc. We then connect these results to emerging theoretical models about indirect direct impacts development. Through synthesis, aim highlight open research questions suggest avenues future study service basic science, as well applied insights. Understanding how alters development, function, motivated behaviors is critical first step toward developing ability predict, prevent, treat stress-related psychopathology spanning

Language: Английский

Citations

88
Neuroinflammation, Early-Life Adversity, and Brain Development DOI
Susan L. Andersen

Harvard Review of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 24 - 39

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract The overarching objective is to review how early exposure adversity interacts with inflammation alter brain maturation. Both and are significant risk factors for psychopathology. Literature relevant the effects of in children adolescents on development reviewed. These studies supported by research animals exposed species-relevant stressors during development. While it known that at any age increases inflammation, exacerbated developmental stages when immature uniquely sensitive experiences. Microglia play a vital role this process, as they scavenge cellular debris prune synapses optimize performance. In essence, microglia modify synapse match environmental demands, which necessary someone history adversity. Overall, piecing together clinical preclinical areas, what emerges picture sculpts brain. interactions inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (specifically, subtype expressing parvalbumin) discussed within contexts A markers individuals abuse combined describe their Inconsistencies literature discussed, call standardizing methodologies relating assessing effects, measures quantify stress more brain-based biochemistry. Preclinical pave way interventions using anti-inflammation-based agents (COX-2 inhibitors, CB2 agonists, meditation/yoga) identifying where, when, trajectory goes awry.

Language: Английский

Citations

42
Early life adversity decreases pre-adolescent fear expression by accelerating amygdala PV cell development DOI Creative Commons
Gabriela Manzano-Nieves, Marilyn Bravo, Saba N. Baskoylu

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 21, 2020

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased risk for stress-related disorders later in life. The link between ELA and psychopathology well established but the developmental mechanisms remain unclear. Using a mouse model of resource insecurity, limited bedding (LB), we tested effects LB on development fear learning neuronal structures involved emotional regulation, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) basolateral amygdala (BLA). delayed ability peri-weanling (21 days old) mice to express, not form, an auditory conditioned memory. accelerated emergence parvalbumin (PV)-positive cells BLA anatomical connections PL BLA. Fear expression was rescued through optogenetic inactivation PV-positive current results provide transiently blunted reactivity early development, latent fear-associated memories emerging adolescence.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Sex Differences in the Development of the Rodent Corticolimbic System DOI Creative Commons

Hanista Premachandran,

Mudi Zhao,

Maithé Arruda-Carvalho

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

In recent years, a growing body of research has shown sex differences in the prevalence and symptomatology psychopathologies, such as depression, anxiety, fear-related disorders, all which show high incidence rates early life. This highlighted importance including female subjects animal studies, well delineating neural processing across development. Of particular interest is corticolimbic system, comprising hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex. rodents, these regions undergo dynamic changes life, disruption to their normative development believed underlie age sex-dependent effects stress on affective processing. this review, we consolidate cortex First, briefly introduce current principles sexual differentiation rodent brain. We then showcase regional volume, morphology, synaptic organization, cell proliferation, microglia, GABAergic signaling, explain how are influenced by perinatal pubertal gonadal hormones. compiling research, outline evidence what when emerge developing illustrate temporal dynamics its maturational trajectory may differ male rodents. will help provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying sex-specific critical windows for susceptibility behavioral emergence.

Language: Английский

Citations

65
Prenatal stress exposure and multimodal assessment of amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex connectivity in infants DOI Creative Commons

Kathryn L. Humphreys,

M. Catalina Camacho, Marissa C. Roth

et al.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46, P. 100877 - 100877

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Stressful experiences are linked to neurodevelopment. There is growing interest in the role of stress connectivity between amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a circuit that subserves automatic emotion regulation. However, specific timing mechanisms underlie association amygdala–mPFC unclear. Many factors, including variations fetal exposure maternal stress, appear affect early developing brain circuitry. few studies have examined associations life, when most plastic sensitive environmental influence. In this longitudinal pilot study, we characterized prenatal young infants (approximately age 5 weeks). A final sample 33 women who provided data on preconception during their pregnancy returned with offspring for magnetic resonance imaging scan session, which enabled us characterize structural functional as function stress. Increased was associated decreased increased mPFC. These results provide insight into influence development critical regulatory

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Type of early life adversity confers differential, sex-dependent effects on early maturational milestones in mice DOI
Camila Demaestri, Tracy Pan,

Madalyn Critz

et al.

Hormones and Behavior, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 104763 - 104763

Published: May 25, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

52