Sex and gender differences in pain

International review of neurobiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. 277 - 307

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately research. In order to address this, it is necessary consider how sex incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) analyses as covariate) published literature. We surveyed papers 2009 2019 across six journals neuroscience psychiatry. this sample, we find 30% increase percentage of reporting studies that included both sexes compared with 2009. Despite increase, only 19% sample reported an optimal for discovery possible differences, 5% analysed variable. conclude progress date has sufficient importance research therapeutic potential disease.

Язык: Английский

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The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 55(12), С. 2328 - 2360

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

ABSTRACT Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because fundamental differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by chromosomes hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, faster than women similar age training status. Thus, for events sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, power, males outperform females 10%–30% depending the requirements event. These emerge with onset puberty coincide increase endogenous steroid hormones, particular testosterone males, which increases 30-fold adulthood, but remains low females. The goal this consensus statement to provide latest scientific knowledge mechanisms performance. This review highlights between that determinants response exercise training, role hormones (particularly estradiol). We also identify historical nonphysiological factors influence Finally, we gaps underlying mechanisms, providing substantial opportunities high-impact studies. A major step toward closing gap include equitable numbers mechanistic studies determine any an acute bout exercise,

Язык: Английский

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Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(5), С. 4651 - 4651

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored the sex of each patient emerged clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between two sexes, which may important consequences for diagnosis and therapy aging chronic illness. fact, preservation mass disease conditions correlates with survival; however, should be considered when protocols maintenance are designed. One obvious difference is that men more than women. Moreover, sexes differ inflammation parameters, particularly response infection disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, women respond differently therapies. review, we an up-to-date overview on what known about skeletal physiology disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, cachexia. addition, summarize underly aforementioned because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect homeostasis. The comparison these three their sex-related bases interesting different forms atrophy share common mechanisms; instance, those responsible protein dismantling similar although differing terms kinetics, severity, regulatory mechanisms. pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism could highlight new efficacious or recommend implementation existing one. Any protective factors discovered one exploited achieve lower morbidity, reduce severity disease, avoid mortality opposite sex. Thus, understanding sex-dependent responses pivotal importance design innovative, tailored, efficient interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Local senolysis in aged mice only partially replicates the benefits of systemic senolysis

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 133(8)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Clearance of senescent cells (SnCs) can prevent several age-related pathologies, including bone loss. However, the local versus systemic roles SnCs in mediating tissue dysfunction remain unclear. Thus, we developed a mouse model (p16-LOX-ATTAC) that allowed for inducible SnC elimination (senolysis) cell-specific manner and compared effects senolysis during aging using as prototype tissue. Specific removal Sn osteocytes prevented loss at spine, but not femur, by improving formation without affecting osteoclasts or marrow adipocytes. By contrast, spine femur only improved formation, also reduced osteoclast adipocyte numbers. Transplantation into peritoneal cavity young mice caused induced senescence distant host osteocytes. Collectively, our findings provide proof-of-concept evidence has health benefits context aging, but, importantly, partially replicates senolysis. Furthermore, establish SnCs, through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), lead to cells. Therefore, study indicates optimizing senolytic drugs may require instead targeting extend healthy aging.

Язык: Английский

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Sex contextualism in laboratory research: Enhancing rigor and precision in the study of sex-related variables

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(6), С. 1316 - 1326

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(13), С. 7342 - 7342

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2024

Obesity, primarily characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a multifactorial chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence. Despite the well-documented epidemiology and significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology clinical implications, impact of sex typically overlooked obesity research. Worldwide, women have higher likelihood to become obese compared men. Although are offered weight loss interventions more often at earlier stages than men, they vulnerable psychopathology. Men, on other hand, less likely pursue intervention susceptible metabolic implications obesity. In this narrative review, we comprehensively explored sex- gender-specific differences development obesity, focusing variety biological variables, such as body composition, distribution energy partitioning, steroid hormones gut microbiota diversity, chromosomal genetic behavioural sociocultural variables influencing men women. Sex obesity-related comorbidities varying effectiveness different also extensively discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Nociceptors are functionally male or female: from mouse to monkey to man

Brain, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 147(12), С. 4280 - 4291

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

The prevalence of many pain conditions often differs between sexes. In addition to such quantitative distinctions, sexual dimorphism may also be qualitative reflecting differences in mechanisms that promote men and women. A major factor influences the likelihood perception is threshold for activation nociceptors. Peripheral nociceptor sensitization has been demonstrated clinically relevant conditions. Whether peripheral can occur a sexually dimorphic fashion, however, not extensively studied. To address this fundamental knowledge gap, we used patch clamp electrophysiology evaluate excitability dorsal root ganglion neurons from male or female rodents, non-human primates, humans following exposure putative sensitizing agents. Previous studies our laboratory, others, have shown prolactin promotes female-selective responses rodents. Consistent with these observations, female, but male, mice were selectively sensitized by prolactin. action was confirmed macaque monkey. Critically, recovered human donors course sleep pain, unexpectedly observed an orexin antagonist could normalize animals. We found B produced mouse, macaque, neurons. functional responses, increased receptor 2 expression mouse ganglia, respectively. Immunohistochemical interrogation cultured sensory whole ganglia suggested females males. These data reveal double dissociation sex, which conserved across species likely directly knowledge, first demonstration Patient sex currently common consideration choice therapy. Precision medicine, based on patient improve therapeutic outcomes targeting promoting women men. Additional implications findings are design clinical trials therapies should consider proportions patients enrolled. Lastly, re-examination selected past failed subgroup analysis warranted.

Язык: Английский

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Why the estrous cycle matters for neuroscience

Biology of Sex Differences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2022

Abstract Background Ovarian hormone fluctuations over the rodent estrous cycle and human menstrual are known to significantly impact brain physiology disease risk, yet this variable is largely ignored in preclinical neuroscience research, clinical studies, psychiatric practice. Methods To assess importance of information for analysis sex differences we re-analyzed our previously published data with or without information, giving a side-by-side comparison analyses behavior, structure, gene expression, 3D genome organization female male mice. We also examined compared variance groups across all neurobehavioral measures. Results show that accounting increases resolution studies allows for: (a) identification masked differences; (b) mechanistic insight(s) into identified differences, different outcomes, from behavior molecular phenotypes. confirm previous findings either mixed- staged-female are, on average, not more than males. However, variability not, at all, predictive whether plays an important role regulating outcome interest. Conclusions argue “bringing back” main stage order enhance quality data, advance health women other menstruators, make research gender-inclusive. strongly encourage community incorporate their study design analysis, whenever possible, debunk some myths tend de-emphasize discourage inclusion critically biological variable. Highlights fluctuation impacts major risk factor, has been overlooked From regulation, allowing differences. Female does equal (and of) effect should be used as proxy effects ovarian hormones Neuroscience researchers advised foster equitable, female- gender-inclusive research. Studies especially improving women’s mental health.

Язык: Английский

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Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 63(4), С. 891 - 906

Опубликована: Май 8, 2023

"Sex" is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these traits-gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc.-are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration "sex" as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists, it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Язык: Английский

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